حين همّ جيشه بالعصيان في شأن التحكيم

[1] When the surviving forces of the Syrians lost ground and were ready to run away from the field Mu‘āwiyah changed the whole phase of the battle by using the Qur’ān as his instrument of strategy, and succeeded in creating such a division among the Iraqis that, despite Amīr al-mu’minīn’s efforts at counselling, they were not prepared to take any forward step, but insisted on stopping the war, whereupon Amīr al-mu’minīn too had to agree to arbitration. Among these people some had actually been duped and believed that they were being asked to abide by the Qur’ān but there were others who had become weary of the long period of war and had lost courage. Then people got a good opportunity to stop the war, and so they cried hoarse for its postponement. There were others who had accompanied Amīr al-mu’minīn because of his temporal authority but did not support him by heart, nor did they aim at victory for him. There were some people who had expectations with Mu‘āwiyah, and had started attaching hopes to him for this, while there were some who were, from the very beginning, in league with him. In these circumstances and with this type of the army it was really due to Amīr al-mu’minīn’s political ability and competence of military control and administration that he carried the war up to this stage, and if Mu‘āwiyah had not adopted this trick there could have been no doubt in Amīr al-mu’minīn’s victory because the military power of the Syrian forces had been exhausted and defeat was hovering over its head. In this connection, Ibn Abi’l-Ḥadīd writes : Mālik al-Ashtar had reached Mu‘āwiyah and grabbed him by the neck. The entire might of the Syrians had been smashed. Only so much movement was discernable in them as remains in the tail of a lizard which is killed, but the tail continues hopping right and left. (Sharḥ Nahj al-balāghah, vol. 11, pp. 30-31)