حين غُلب محمد بن أبي بكر والي مصر وقُتل

[1] Muḥammad ibn Abi Bakr’s mother was Asma’ bint ‘Umays whom Amīr al-mu’minīn married after Abu Bakr’s death. Consequently, Muḥammad lived and was brought up under the care of Amīr al-mu’minīn and he imbibed his ways and manners. Amīr al-mu’minīn too loved him much and regarded him as his son, and used to say “Muḥammad is my son from Abu Bakr.” He was born in the journey for the last ḥajj (of the Prophet) and died as martyr in 38 A.H. at the age of twenty eight years. On accession to the Caliphate Amir at-mu’minin had selected Qays ibn Sa‘d ibn ‘Ubadah as the Governor of Egypt but circumstances so developed that he had to be removed and Muḥammad ibn Abi Bakr had to be sent there as Governor. The policy of Qays there was that he did not want to take any serious step against the ‘Uthmani group but Muḥammad’s view was different. After the lapse of a month he sent them word that in case they did not obey him their existence there would be impossible. Upon this these people organized a front against him, and engaged themselves in secret wirepullings, but became conspicuous soon. After arbitration they started creating trouble with the slogan of vengeance. This polluted the atmosphere of Egypt. When Amīr al-mu’minīn came to know these deteriorated conditions he gave the governorship of Egypt to Mālik ibn al-Ḥārith al-Ashtar and sent him off there in order that he might suppress insurgent elements and save the administration from getting worse, but he could not escape the evil designs of the Umayyads and was killed by poison while on his way. Thus, the governorship of Egypt remained with Muḥammad ibn Abi Bakr. On this side, the performance of ‘Amr ibn al-‘Āṣ in connection with the Arbitration made Mu‘āwiyah recall his own promise. Consequently, he gave him six thousand combatants and set him off to attack Egypt. When Muḥammad ibn Abi Bakr knew of the advancing force of the enemy he wrote to Amīr al-mu’minīn for help. Amīr al-mu’minīn replied that he would be soon collecting help for him but in the meantime he should mobilise his own forces. Muḥammad mobilised four thousand men under his Banner and divided them into two parts. He kept one part with himself and on the other he placed Kinãnah ibn Bishr at-Tujibi in command and ordered him to go forward to check the enemy’s advance. When they settled down in camp before the enemy various parties of the enemy began attacking them but they faced them with courage and valour. At last Mu‘āwiyah ibn Ḥudayj as-Sakūni al-Kindi made an assault with full force. These people did not turn away from the enemy’s swords but faced them steadfastly and fell as martyrs in action. The effect of this defeat was that Muḥammad ibn Abi Bakr’s men got frightened and deserted him. Finding himself alone Muḥammad fled away and sought refuge in a deserted place. The enemy however got news about him through someone and traced him out when he was dying with thirst. Muḥammad asked for water but these cruel men refused and butchered him thirsty. Then they put his body in the belly of a dead ass and burnt it. Mālik ibn Ka‘b al-Arḥabī had already left Kūfah with two thousand men but before he could reach Egypt it had been occupied by the enemy.