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[1] At the end of the battle of the Khārijites, Mu‘āwiyah wrote a letter to Amīr al-mu’minīn wherein, as usual, he indulged in mud-throwing. In reply, Amīr al-mu’minīn wrote this letter in which he has tried to draw Mu‘āwiyah’s attention to the clear facts about this very battle of the Khārijites, because this battle took place in accordance with the prophecy of the Prophet while Amīr al-mu’minīn himself too had said before the battle that besides the people of Jamal and Ṣiffīn he had to fight against one more group and they were the “deviators” from the religion, namely the Khārijites. The occurrence of this battle and the killing of the man with breasts (Dhu’th-thudayyah) was a clear proof of Amīr al-mu’minīn being in the right. If Mu‘āwiyah had not been obsessed with self-advertisement and lust for conquests, and had not shut his eyes against the right like his forefathers Abū Sufyān and his brother ‘Utbah he would have seen right and come on its path. But compelled by his natural inclination he always evaded right and truth and kept himself blind to those sayings of the Prophet which threw light on Amīr al-mu’minīn’s Imāmate and vicegerency. Because of being with the Prophet in the farewell pilgrimage the Prophet’s saying: “Of whomsoever I am the master, ‘Alī is his master” was not hidden from him, and neither was the Prophet's saying that: “O’ ‘Alī you are to me as Hārūn was to Mūsā,” because of his presence on the occasion of the battle of Tabūk. In spite of all this, he passed his life in concealing right and encouraging wrong. This was not due to any misunderstanding but it was his lust for power that kept prompting him to suppress and trample truth and justice.