Chapter on Causes Requiring Purification

Tahdhīb al-Aḥkām|Volume 1|Book 1|Chapter 1

Tahdhīb al-Aḥkām

Book 1, Chapter 1

Chapter on Causes Requiring Purification
61 hadiths · 22 commentaries
Commentary 1

ذكر الشيخ أيده الله تعالى ان جميع ما يوجب الطهارة من الاحداث عشرة أشياء وهي النوم الغالب على العقل والمرض المانع من الذكر كالمرة التي ينغمر بها العقل والاغماء والبول والريح والغائط والجنابة والحيض للنساء والاستحاضة منهن والنفاس ومس الاموات من الناس بعد برد أجسامهم بالموت وارتفاع الحياة منها قبل تطهيرها بالغسل قال وليس يوجب الطهارة شئ من الاحداث سوى ما ذكرناه على حال من الاحوال اه الاصل في هذا الباب أن من حصل على صفة يجوز له معها استباحة الدخول في الصلاة فيجب أن لا توجب عليه طهارة ثانية إلا بدليل شرعي يقطع العذر وليس في الشرع ما يوجب الطهارة سوى هذه العشرة الاشياء لان ما عداها الطريق إليه اخبار الآحاد التي لا توجب عندنا علما ولا عملا فأما الذي يدل على أن هذه العشرة الاشياء توجب الطهارة سوى مس الاموات الذي فيه الاختلاف إجماع المسلمين لانه لا خلاف بينهم أن البول والغائط والمني والربح والحيض والاستحاضة والنفاس والنوم الذي يزبل العقل ويكثر حتى لا يعقل معه شئ وكذلك المرض المانع من الذكر مما يوجب الطهارة وإنما وقع الخلاف في النوم القليل وكيفيته وأنا أورد ايضا من الاخبار ما يدل على كل واحد منها على انفراده ليزول معه الارتياب أما ما يدل على أن النوم يوجب الطهارة

The Shaykh (Al-Mufid), may Allah (swt) support him, mentioned that all matters necessitating purification from events (hadath) are ten things. They are: Sleep that overcomes the mind, Illness that prevents remembrance, such as bile that overwhelms the mind and fainting, Urination, Passing wind, Defecation, Ejaculation (janabah), Menstruation for women, Irregular bleeding (istihada) among women, Postpartum bleeding (nifas), And touching the deceased among humans after their bodies have become cold due to death and life has departed from them, before they have been purified by washing (ghusl). The Shaykh (Al-Mufid), may Allah (swt) support him, said; Nothing necessitates purification from events except what we have mentioned, under any circumstances. The principle in this chapter is that whoever attains a state that allows them to permissibly enter into prayer should not be required to perform a second purification unless there is clear religious evidence that removes any excuse. In the Shariah, nothing necessitates purification except these ten things, because anything other than these is based on solitary reports (akhbar al-ahad), which, according to us (Shia ithna-Ashari), do not establish knowledge or action. As for the evidence that these ten things necessitate purification - aside from touching the dead, in which there is disagreement - it is the consensus of the Muslims. This is because there is no dispute among the muslims that urination, defecation, ejaculation, passing wind, menstruation, irregular bleeding, postpartum bleeding, and sleep (that removes the intellect and becomes extensive enough that nothing is comprehended during it), as well as illness that prevents remembrance, all necessitate purification. The disagreement lies only in the case of light sleep and its nature. I will also cite reports that individually support each of these to remove any doubts. The hadiths that support ‘state of sleep’ requiring purification are (following hadiths).

Hadith 1

مَا أَخْبَرَنِي بِهِ اَلشَّيْخُ أَيَّدَهُ اَللَّهُ تَعَالَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ اَلْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ اَلْحَسَنِ بْنِ أَبَانٍ عَنِ اَلْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ سَمَاعَةَ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنِ اَلرَّجُلِ يَنَامُ وَ هُوَ سَاجِدٌ قَالَ «يَنْصَرِفُ وَ يَتَوَضَّأُ».

Narrated to me by Shaykh (Al-Mufid), may Allah (swt) support him, from Ahmad bin Muhammad, from his father, from Al-Husayn bin Al-Hasan bin Aban, from Al-Husayn bin Sa‘id, from ‘Uthman bin ‘Isa, from Sama‘ah, who said: I asked Abu Abdullah (a.s) about a man who sleeps while he is in a state of prostration (sujood). Imam (a.s) said: "He should get up, leave, and perform ablution (wudu’)."

Hadith 2

وَ بِهَذَا اَلْإِسْنَادِ عَنِ اَلْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ عَنْ حَمَّادٍ عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ أُذَيْنَةَ وَ حَرِيزٍ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ عَنْ أَحَدِهِمَا عَلَيْهِمَا اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ:« لا يَنْقُضُ اَلْوُضُوءَ إِلاَّ مَا خَرَجَ مِنْ طَرَفَيْكَ أَوِ اَلنَّوْمُ».

And through the same chain of transmission, from Al-Husayn bin Sa‘id, from Hammad, from ‘Umar bin Udhaynah and Hariz, from Zurara, from one of the Imams (a.s), who said: "Ablution (wudu’) is not nullified except by what exits from your two private parts or by sleep."

Hadith 3

وَأَخْبَرَنِي اَلشَّيْخُ أَيَّدَهُ اَللَّهُ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ اَلْحَسَنِ بْنِ اَلْوَلِيدِ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى اَلْعَطَّارِ وَأَحْمَدَ بْنِ إِدْرِيسَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ يَحْيَى عَنْ عِمْرَانَ بْنِ مُوسَى عَنِ اَلْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ اَلنُّعْمَانِ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اَلْحَمِيدِ بْنِ عَوَّاضٍ[ غَوَّاضٍ] عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ سَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ:« مَنْ نَامَ وَ هُوَ رَاكِعٌ أَوْ سَاجِدٌ أَوْ مَاشٍ عَلَى أَيِّ اَلْحَالاَتِ فَعَلَيْهِ اَلْوُضُوءُ».

The Shaykh (Al-Mufid), may Allah (swt) support him, narrated to me, from Ahmad bin Muhammad bin Al-Hasan bin Al-Walid, from his father, from Muhammad bin Yahya Al-‘Attar, and Ahmad bin Idris, from Muhammad bin Ahmad bin Yahya, from ‘Imran bin Musa, from Al-Hasan bin ‘Ali bin Al-Nu‘man, from his father, from ‘Abdul-Hamid bin ‘Awad (or Ghawwad, according to another narration), from Abu Abdullah (a.s), who said: I heard Imam (a.s) say: "Whoever sleeps while bowing (in ruku‘), prostrating (in sujood), or walking, in any of these states, then he must perform ablution (wudu’)."

Hadith 4

وَ أَخْبَرَنِي اَلشَّيْخُ أَيَّدَهُ اَللَّهُ عَنْ أَبِي اَلْقَاسِمِ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عُبَيْدِ اَللَّهِ وَ عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ بْنِ اَلْمُغِيرَةِ قَالاَ: سَأَلْنَا اَلرِّضَا عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنِ اَلرَّجُلِ يَنَامُ عَلَى دَابَّتِهِ فَقَالَ« إِذَا ذَهَبَ اَلنَّوْمُ بِالْعَقْلِ فَلْيُعِدِ اَلْوُضُوءَ».

The Shaykh (Al-Mufid), may Allah (swt) support him, narrated to me, from Abu Al-Qasim Ja‘far bin Muhammad, from his father, from Sa‘d bin Abdullah, from Ahmad bin Muhammad bin ‘Isa, from Muhammad bin ‘Ubaydullah and Abdullah bin Al-Mughirah, who both said: We asked Imam Al-Ridha (a.s) about a man who sleeps while (seated) on his mount. Imam (a.s) said: "If sleep overtakes his intellect, then he must repeat the ablution (wudu’)."

Hadith 5

وَ بِهَذَا اَلْإِسْنَادِ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ اَلْأَشْعَرِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ:« لاَ يَنْقُضُ اَلْوُضُوءَ إِلاَّ حَدَثٌ وَ اَلنَّوْمُ حَدَثٌ».

And with this chain of narration, from Ahmad bin Muhammad bin Isa, from Muhammad bin Abi Umayr, from Ishaq bin Abdullah al-Ash'ari, from Abu Abdullah (a.s), who said: "Wudu is not nullified except by an occurrence (hadath), and sleep is an occurrence."

Hadith 6

فَأَمَّا اَلْخَبَرُ اَلَّذِي رَوَاهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ يَحْيَى عَنِ اَلْعَبَّاسِ عَنْ أَبِي شُعَيْبٍ عَنْ عِمْرَانَ بْنِ حُمْرَانَ أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ عَبْداً صَالِحاً يَقُولُ:« مَنْ نَامَ وَ هُوَ جَالِسٌ لاَ يَتَعَمَّدُ اَلنَّوْمَ فَلاَ وُضُوءَ عَلَيْهِ».

As for the narration that was reported by Muhammad bin Ahmad bin Yahya, from al-Abbas, from Abu Shuayb, from Imran bin Humran, that he heard the righteous servant of Allah (swt) say: "Whoever sleeps while sitting, without intending to sleep, then wudu is not required for him."

Hadith 7

وَ اَلْخَبَرُ اَلَّذِي رَوَاهُ سَعْدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ اَلْحَكَمِ عَنْ سَيْفِ بْنِ عَمِيرَةَ عَنْ بَكْرِ بْنِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ اَلْحَضْرَمِيِّ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ هَلْ يَنَامُ اَلرَّجُلُ وَ هُوَ جَالِسٌ فَقَالَ« كَانَ أَبِي يَقُولُ« إِذَا نَامَ اَلرَّجُلُ وَ هُوَ جَالِسٌ مُجْتَمِعٌ فَلَيْسَ عَلَيْهِ وُضُوءٌ وَ إِذَا نَامَ مُضْطَجِعاً فَعَلَيْهِ اَلْوُضُوءُ»».

And the narration that Sa‘d bin Abdullah reported from Ahmad bin Muhammad, from ‘Ali bin Al-Hakam, from Saif bin ‘Amirah, from Bakr bin Abi Bakr Al-Hadhrami, who said: I asked Abu Abdullah (a.s): "Can a man sleep while sitting?" Imam (a.s) said: "My father, (Imam Al Baqir (a.s)) used to say, 'If a man sleeps while sitting upright and gathered (not reclining), then he does not need to perform ablution (wudu’). But if he sleeps while lying down, then he must perform ablution (wudu’).'"

Hadith 8

وَ اَلَّذِي يَدُلُّ عَلَى هَذَا اَلتَّأْوِيلِ مَا أَخْبَرَنِي بِهِ اَلشَّيْخُ أَيَّدَهُ اَللَّهُ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ اَلْحَسَنِ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ اَلْحَسَنِ اَلصَّفَّارِ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى وَعَنِ اَلْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ اَلْحَسَنِ بْنِ أَبَانٍ جَمِيعاً عَنِ اَلْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ اَلْفُضَيْلِ عَنْ أَبِي اَلصَّبَّاحِ اَلْكِنَانِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ اَلرَّجُلِ يَخْفِقُ وَ هُوَ فِي اَلصَّلاَةِ فَقَالَ« إِنْ كَانَ لاَ يَحْفَظُ حَدَثاً مِنْهُ إِنْ كَانَ فَعَلَيْهِ اَلْوُضُوءُ وَ إِعَادَةُ اَلصَّلاَةِ وَإِنْ كَانَ يَسْتَيْقِنُ أَنَّهُ لَمْ يُحْدِثْ فَلَيْسَ عَلَيْهِ وُضُوءٌ وَ لاَ إِعَادَةٌ».

And what indicates this interpretation is what the Shaykh (Al-Mufid), may Allah (swt) support him, narrated to me, from Ahmad bin Muhammad bin Al-Hasan, from his father, from Muhammad bin Al-Hasan Al-Saffar, from Ahmad bin Muhammad bin ‘Isa, and from Al-Husayn bin Al-Hasan bin Aban, all of them from Al-Husayn bin Sa‘id, from Muhammad bin Al-Fudhayl, from Abu Al-Sabbah Al-Kinani, from Abu Abdullah (a.s), who said: I asked Imam (a.s) about a man who dozes off while in prayer. Imam (a.s) said: "If he does not retain awareness of whether he has nullified his state of purity, then he must perform ablution (wudu’) and repeat the prayer. But if he is certain that he did not nullify his state of purity, then there is no need for him to perform ablution (wudu’) or repeat the prayer."

Hadith 9

وَ بِهَذَا اَلْإِسْنَادِ عَنِ اَلْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ عَنِ اِبْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنِ اِبْنِ أُذَيْنَةَ عَنِ اِبْنِ بُكَيْرٍ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى« إِذٰا قُمْتُمْ إِلَى اَلصَّلاٰةِ» مَا يَعْنِي بِذَلِكَ إِذَا قُمْتُمْ إِلَى اَلصَّلاَةِ قَالَ« إِذَا قُمْتُمْ مِنَ اَلنَّوْمِ» قُلْتُ يَنْقُضُ اَلنَّوْمُ اَلْوُضُوءَ فَقَالَ« نَعَمْ إِذَا كَانَ يَغْلِبُ عَلَى اَلسَّمْعِ وَ لاَ يَسْمَعُ اَلصَّوْتَ».

And through the same chain of transmission, from Al-Husayn bin Sa‘id, from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr, from Ibn Udhaynah, from Ibn Bukayr, who said: I said to Abu Abdullah (a.s): "The saying of Allah (swt), the Exalted: 'When you stand for prayer' (Surah Al-Ma'idah 5:6) - what does this mean?" Imam (a.s) said: "It means when you rise from sleep." I asked: "Does sleep nullify ablution (wudu’)?" Imam (a.s) said: "Yes, if it overcomes the hearing, such that one does not hear sound."

Hadith 10

وَ بِهَذَا اَلْإِسْنَادِ عَنِ اَلْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ عَنْ فَضَالَةَ عَنْ حُسَيْنِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ عَنْ عَبْدِ اَلرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ اَلْحَجَّاجِ عَنْ زَيْدٍ اَلشَّحَّامِ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنِ اَلْخَفْقَةِ وَ اَلْخَفْقَتَيْنِ فَقَالَ« مَا أَدْرِي مَا اَلْخَفْقَةِ وَ اَلْخَفْقَتَيْنِ إِنَّ اَللَّهَ تَعَالَى يَقُولُ« بَلِ اَلْإِنْسٰانُ عَلىٰ نَفْسِهِ بَصِيرَةٌ» إِنَّ عَلِيّاً عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ كَانَ يَقُولُ« مَنْ وَجَدَ طَعْمَ اَلنَّوْمِ فَإِنَّمَا أُوجِبَ عَلَيْهِ اَلْوُضُوءُ»».

And through the same chain of transmission, from Al-Husayn bin Sa‘id, from Fadalah, from Husayn bin ‘Uthman, from ‘Abdul-Rahman bin Al-Hajjaj, from Zayd Al-Shahham, who said: I asked Abu Abdullah (a.s) about a light doze or two. Imam (a.s) said, "I do not know what is meant by a ‘light doze or two’. Allah (swt), the Exalted, says: 'But man, against himself, will be a witness' (Surah Al-Qiyamah 75:14). And Imam Ali (a.s) used to say, 'Whoever feels the sensation of sleep, then ablution (wudu’) is obligatory upon him.'"

Hadith 11

وَ بِهَذَا اَلْإِسْنَادِ عَنِ اَلْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ عَنْ حَمَّادٍ عَنْ حَرِيزٍ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لَهُ اَلرَّجُلُ يَنَامُ وَ هُوَ عَلَى وُضُوءٍ أَ تُوجِبُ اَلْخَفْقَةُ وَ اَلْخَفْقَتَانِ عَلَيْهِ اَلْوُضُوءَ فَقَالَ« يَا زُرَارَةُ قَدْ تَنَامُ اَلْعَيْنُ وَ لاَ يَنَامُ اَلْقَلْبُ وَ اَلْأُذُنُ فَإِذَا نَامَتِ اَلْعَيْنُ وَ اَلْأُذُنُ وَ اَلْقَلْبُ فَقَدْ وَجَبَ اَلْوُضُوءُ» قُلْتُ فَإِنْ حُرِّكَ إِلَى جَنْبِهِ شَيْءٌ وَ لَمْ يَعْلَمْ بِهِ قَالَ« لاَ حَتَّى يَسْتَيْقِنَ أَنَّهُ قَدْ نَامَ حَتَّى يَجِيءَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ أَمْرٌ بَيِّنٌ وَ إِلاَّ فَإِنَّهُ عَلَى يَقِينٍ مِنْ وُضُوئِهِ وَ لاَ يَنْقُضُ اَلْيَقِينَ أَبَداً بِالشَّكِّ وَ لَكِنْ يَنْقُضُهُ بِيَقِينٍ آخَرَ».

And through the same chain of transmission, from Al-Husayn bin Sa‘id, from Hammad, from Hariz, from Zurara, who said: I said to Imam Abu Abdullah (a.s): "A man sleeps while in a state of ablution - does a light doze or two necessitate ablution (wudu’) for him?" Imam (a.s) said: "O Zurara, the eyes may sleep, but the heart and ears do not. However, when the eyes, ears, and heart all sleep, then ablution becomes obligatory." I asked: "If something is moved next to him, and he does not perceive it, what then?" Imam (a.s) said: "Not until he is certain that he has slept, and until there is clear evidence of it. Otherwise, he remains certain of his state of ablution, and certainty is never nullified by doubt - it is only nullified by another certainty."

Hadith 12

وَ أَخْبَرَنِي اَلشَّيْخُ أَيَّدَهُ اَللَّهُ عَنْ أَبِي اَلْقَاسِمِ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَعْقُوبَ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ حَرِيزٍ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ بْنِ أَعْيَنَ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِأَبِي جَعْفَرٍ وَ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِمَا اَلسَّلاَمُ مَا يَنْقُضُ اَلْوُضُوءَ فَقَالاَ« مَا يَخْرُجُ مِنْ طَرَفَيْكَ اَلْأَسْفَلَيْنِ مِنَ اَلدُّبُرِ وَ اَلذَّكَرِ غَائِطٌ أَوْ بَوْلٌ أَوْ مَنِيٌّ أَوْ رِيحٌ وَ اَلنَّوْمُ حَتَّى يُذْهِبَ اَلْعَقْلَ وَ كُلُّ اَلنَّوْمِ يُكْرَهُ إِلاَّ أَنْ تَكُونَ تَسْمَعُ اَلصَّوْتَ».

The Shaykh (Al-Mufid), may Allah (swt) support him, narrated to me, from Abu Al-Qasim Ja‘far bin Muhammad, from Muhammad bin Ya‘qub, from ‘Ali bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Hammad bin ‘Isa, from Hariz, from Zurara bin A‘yan, who said: I asked Abu Ja‘far (a.s) and Abu Abdullah (a.s): "What nullifies ablution (wudu’)?" They (a.s) said: "Whatever exits from your two lower openings - from the anus or the urethra; excrement, urine, semen, wind, and sleep that takes away the intellect. All sleep is disliked unless you can still hear sound."

Hadith 13

فَأَمَّا مَا رَوَاهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنِ اَلْعَبَّاسِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عُذَافِرٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: فِي اَلرَّجُلِ هَلْ يُنْقَضُ وُضُوؤُهُ إِذَا نَامَ وَ هُوَ جَالِسٌ قَالَ« إِنْ كَانَ يَوْمَ اَلْجُمُعَةِ فِي اَلْمَسْجِدِ فَلاَ وُضُوءَ عَلَيْهِ وَ ذَلِكَ أَنَّهُ فِي حَالِ ضَرُورَةٍ».

As for what Muhammad bin ‘Ali bin Mahbub narrated, from Al-‘Abbas, from Muhammad bin Isma‘il, from Muhammad bin ‘Udhafir, from Abdullah bin Sinan, from Abu Abdullah (a.s): (I asked) concerning a man, does his ablution (wudu’) break if he sleeps while sitting? Imam (a.s) said: "If it is on Friday in the mosque, then he does not need to perform ablution, because it is a situation of necessity."

Commentary 2

فهذا الخبر محمول على أنه لا وضوء عليه ولكن عليه التيمم على ما نبينه في باب التيمم ثم ذكر أيده الله بعد النوم المرض المانع من الذكر ويدل عليه

This narration is interpreted to mean that no ablution (wudu') is required, but instead, dry ablution (tayammum) is required, as we will clarify in the chapter on tayammum. Then, Shaykh (Al-Mufid), may Allah (swt) support him, mentioned after sleep - "illness that prevents awareness", and evidence for this is presented as follows.

Hadith 14

اَلشَّيْخُ أَيَّدَهُ اَللَّهُ تَعَالَى عَنْ أَبِي اَلْقَاسِمِ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ قُولَوَيْهِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَعْقُوبَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ مُعَمَّرِ بْنِ خَلاَّدٍ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا اَلْحَسَنِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ بِهِ عِلَّةٌ لاَ يَقْدِرُ عَلَى اَلاِضْطِجَاعِ وَ اَلْوُضُوءُ يَشْتَدُّ عَلَيْهِ وَ هُوَ قَاعِدٌ مُسْتَنِدٌ بِالْوَسَائِدِ فَرُبَّمَا أَغْفَى وَ هُوَ قَاعِدٌ عَلَى تِلْكَ اَلْحَالِ قَالَ «يَتَوَضَّأُ» قُلْتُ لَهُ إِنَّ اَلْوُضُوءَ يَشْتَدُّ عَلَيْهِ فَقَالَ« إِذَا خَفِيَ عَنْهُ اَلصَّوْتُ فَقَدْ وَجَبَ اَلْوُضُوءُ عَلَيْهِ» تَمَامَ اَلْحَدِيثِ.

The Shaykh (Al-Mufid), may Allah (swt) support him, narrated from Abu Al-Qasim Ja‘far bin Muhammad bin Qulawayh, from Muhammad bin Ya‘qub, from Muhammad bin Yahya, from Ahmad bin Muhammad, from Mu‘ammar bin Khallad, who said: I asked Abu Al-Hasan (a.s) about a man with an ailment who cannot lie down, and performing ablution (wudu’) is difficult for him. He sits leaning on cushions, and sometimes he dozes off while sitting in that condition. Imam (a.s) said: "He must perform ablution." I said to Imam (a.s): "(but) Ablution is difficult for him." Imam (a.s) said: "If sound becomes imperceptible (undetectable) to him, then ablution becomes obligatory upon him." (End of the narration).

Commentary 3

قوله عليه السلام إذا خفي عنه الصوت فقد وجب الوضوء عليه يدل على ما ذكره من إعادة الوضوء من الاغماء والمرة وكل ما يمنع من الذكر ثم ذكر بعد ذلك البول والريح والغائط والجنابة

His saying (a.s), "If sound becomes imperceptible to him, then ablution (wudu') becomes obligatory upon him," indicates what has been mentioned regarding the need to repeat ablution due to fainting, excessive bile, and anything else that prevents awareness. Then it was mentioned about urination, passing of wind, defecation, and ritual impurity (janabah).

Hadith 15

فالذي يدل على ذلك ما أخبرني به الشيخ أيده الله عن أحمد بن محمد بن الحسن عن أبيه عن محمد بن الحسن الصفار عن أحمد بن محمد بن عيسى عن الحسين بن سعيد عن حماد عن حريز عن زرارة قال قلت لابي جعفر وأبي عبد الله عليهما السلام ما ينقض الوضوء؟ فقالا ما يخرج من طرفيك الاسفلين من الذكر والدبر من الغائط والبول أو مني أو ريح والنوم حتي يذهب العقل وكل النوم يكره إلا أن تكون تسمع الصوت

What indicates this is what the Shaykh (Al-Mufid), may Allah (swt) support him, narrated to me from Ahmad bin Muhammad bin Al-Hasan, from his father, from Muhammad bin Al-Hasan Al-Saffar, from Ahmad bin Muhammad bin ‘Isa, from Al-Husayn bin Sa‘id, from Hammad, from Hariz, from Zurara, who said: I asked Abu Ja‘far (a.s) and Abu Abdullah (a.s): "What nullifies ablution (wudu’)?" They (a.s) said: "What exits from your two lower openings - from the penis or the anus; excrement, urine, semen, wind, and sleep that overtakes the intellect. All sleep is disliked unless you can still hear sound."

Commentary 4

وهذا الحديث قد مضى فيما تقدم وأما ما ذكره بعد ذلك من الحيض والاستحاضة والنفاس ومس الاموات فان هذه الاشياء مما توجب الغسل فإذا أوجبت الغسل أوجبت الطهارة لان الطهارة الصغرى داخلة في الكبرى فإذا بطلت الكبرى فمحال أن تثبت بعدها الصغرى وأنا أذكر فيما بعد ما يدل على انها توجب الغسل في أبوابها إن شاء الله تعالى وأما قوله وليس يوجب الطهارة شئ من الاحداث سوى ما ذكرناه على حال من الاحوال

This narration has been previously mentioned. As for what he mentioned afterward regarding menstruation (hayd), post-menstrual bleeding (istihadah), postnatal bleeding (nifas), and touching the deceased, these are among the things that necessitate ghusl (ritual bathing). Since they necessitate ghusl, they also necessitate purification (taharah), because minor purification (wudu’) is included within major purification (ghusl). If the major purification becomes invalid, it is impossible for the minor purification to remain valid afterward. I will later present evidence that these matters necessitate ghusl in their respective chapters, Allah (swt) willing. As for his statement: "No event necessitates purification except for what we have mentioned under any circumstances":

Hadith 16

اَلشَّيْخُ أَيَّدَهُ اَللَّهُ تَعَالَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ اَلْحَسَنِ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ اَلْحَسَنِ اَلصَّفَّارِ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى وَاَلْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ اَلْحَسَنِ بْنِ أَبَانٍ جَمِيعاً عَنِ اَلْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ عَنِ اِبْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنِ اِبْنِ أُذَيْنَةَ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ:« لاَ يُوجَبُ اَلْوُضُوءُ إِلاَّ مِنَ اَلْغَائِطِ أَوْ بَوْلٍ أَوْ ضَرْطَةٍ أَوْ فَسْوَةٍ تَجِدُ رِيحَهَا».

The Shaykh (Al-Mufid), may Allah (swt) support him, narrated from Ahmad bin Muhammad bin Al-Hasan, from his father, from Muhammad bin Al-Hasan Al-Saffar, from Ahmad bin Muhammad bin ‘Isa, and Al-Husayn bin Al-Hasan bin Aban, all from Al-Husayn bin Sa‘id, from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr, from Ibn Udhaynah, from Zurara, from Abu Abdullah (a.s), who said: Imam (a.s) said: "Ablution (wudu’) is not obligatory except due to excrement, urine, a loud release of wind, or a silent release of wind whose smell is detected."

Hadith 17

وَ أَخْبَرَنِي اَلشَّيْخُ أَيَّدَهُ اَللَّهُ قَالَ أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو اَلْقَاسِمِ جَعْفَرُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ قُولَوَيْهِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَعْقُوبَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ عَنِ اَلْفَضْلِ بْنِ شَاذَانَ وَ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ إِدْرِيسَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اَلْجَبَّارِ جَمِيعاً عَنْ صَفْوَانَ بْنِ يَحْيَى عَنْ سَالِمٍ أَبِي اَلْفَضْلِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ:« لَيْسَ يَنْقُضُ اَلْوُضُوءَ إِلاَّ مَا خَرَجَ مِنْ طَرَفَيْكَ اَلْأَسْفَلَيْنِ اَللَّذَيْنِ أَنْعَمَ اَللَّهُ بِهِمَا عَلَيْكَ».

The Shaykh (Al-Mufid), may Allah (swt) support him, narrated to me, saying: Abu Al-Qasim Ja‘far bin Muhammad bin Qulawayh narrated to me, from Muhammad bin Ya‘qub, from Muhammad bin Isma‘il, from Al-Fadl bin Shadhan, and Ahmad bin Idris, from Muhammad bin Abdul-Jabbar, all from Safwan bin Yahya, from Salim Abu Al-Fadl, from Abu Abdullah (a.s), who said: Imam (a.s) said: "Ablution (wudu’) is not nullified except by what exits from your two lower openings, which Allah (swt) has blessed you with."

Hadith 18

وَ أَخْبَرَنِي اَلشَّيْخُ أَيَّدَهُ اَللَّهُ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ اَلْحَسَنِ بْنِ اَلْوَلِيدِ قَالَ أَخْبَرَنِي أَبِي عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ اَلْحَسَنِ اَلصَّفَّارِ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سَهْلٍ عَنْ زَكَرِيَّا بْنِ آدَمَ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ اَلرِّضَا عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنِ اَلنَّاصُورِ فَقَالَ« إِنَّمَا يَنْقُضُ اَلْوُضُوءَ ثَلاَثٌ اَلْبَوْلُ وَ اَلْغَائِطُ وَ اَلرِّيحُ».

The Shaykh (Al-Mufid), may Allah (swt) support him, narrated to me from Ahmad bin Muhammad bin Al-Hasan bin Al-Walid, who said: My father narrated to me from Muhammad bin Al-Hasan Al-Saffar, from Ahmad bin Muhammad bin ‘Isa, from Muhammad bin Sahl, from Zakariya bin Adam, who said: I asked Al-Ridha (a.s) about the issue of a fistula (nasur). Imam (a.s) said: "Only three things nullify ablution (wudu’): urine, excrement, and wind."

Hadith 19

فَأَمَّا اَلْخَبَرُ اَلَّذِي رَوَاهُ اَلْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ عَنِ اِبْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنِ اِبْنِ أَخِي فُضَيْلٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: قَالَ فِي اَلرَّجُلِ يَخْرُجُ مِنْهُ مِثْلُ حَبِّ اَلْقَرْعِ قَالَ« عَلَيْهِ وُضُوءٌ

As for the narration reported by Al-Husayn bin Sa‘id, from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr, from the nephew of Fudhayl, from Abu Abdullah (a.s): Imam (a.s) said regarding a man from whom something like a pumpkin seed (habb al-qar[1]) emerges, Imam (a.s) said: "He must perform ablution (wudu’)."

Commentary 5

فمحمول على انه إذا كان ملطخا بالعذرة بدلالة

It is interpreted to mean that this applies if it is contaminated with filth (adharah), as indicated by the evidence. 1 ‘habb al-qar’ (pumpkin seed) refers to small, seed-like substances that might be expelled from the body. In the context of this narration, it can be interpreted it in different ways: Medical Interpretation; It may refer to intestinal debris or mucous-like secretions expelled from the body, which resemble pumpkin seeds in shape or size. Fecal Matter or Small Dry Stools; Some scholars consider it to be a reference to small, hard pieces of fecal matter that might come out unexpectedly. Worms or Other Bodily Discharges; It could also refer to worms, bodily secretions, or particles that exit through the rectum.

Hadith 20

بِدَلاَلَةِ مَا أَخْبَرَنِي بِهِ اَلشَّيْخُ أَيَّدَهُ اَللَّهُ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ إِدْرِيسَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ اَلْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ فَضَّالٍ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ سَعِيدٍ اَلْمَدَائِنِيِّ عَنْ مُصَدِّقِ بْنِ صَدَقَةَ عَنْ عَمَّارِ بْنِ مُوسَى عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: سُئِلَ عَنِ اَلرَّجُلِ يَكُونُ فِي صَلاَتِهِ فَيَخْرُجُ مِنْهُ حَبُّ اَلْقَرْعِ كَيْفَ يَصْنَعُ قَالَ« إِنْ كَانَ خَرَجَ نَظِيفاً مِنَ اَلْعَذِرَةِ فَلَيْسَ عَلَيْهِ شَيْءٌ وَ لَمْ يَنْقُضْ وُضُوءَهُ وَ إِنْ خَرَجَ مُتَلَطِّخاً بِالْعَذِرَةِ فَعَلَيْهِ أَنْ يُعِيدَ اَلْوُضُوءَ وَ إِنْ كَانَ فِي صَلاَتِهِ قَطَعَ اَلصَّلاَةَ وَ أَعَادَ اَلْوُضُوءَ وَ اَلصَّلاَةَ».

Based on what the Shaykh (Al-Mufid), may Allah (swt) support him, narrated to me, from Ahmad bin Muhammad, from his father, from Ahmad bin Idris, from Muhammad bin Ahmad bin Yahya, from Ahmad bin Al-Hasan bin ‘Ali bin Faddal, from ‘Amr bin Sa‘id Al-Mada’ini, from Musaddiq bin Sadaqah, from ‘Ammar bin Musa, from Abu Abdullah (a.s): Imam (a.s) was asked about a man who is in his prayer, and something like a like a pumpkin seed (habb al-qar[1]) expels from him. What should he do? Imam (a.s) said: "If it exits clean of feces, then there is nothing upon him, and his ablution (wudu’) is not nullified. However, if it exits contaminated with feces, then he must repeat the ablution (wudu’). And if he was in prayer, he must interrupt the prayer, repeat the ablution, and then perform the prayer again."

Hadith 21

وَ أَخْبَرَنِي بِهِ اَلشَّيْخُ أَيَّدَهُ اَللَّهُ قَالَ أَخْبَرَنِي أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ اَلْحَسَنِ اَلصَّفَّارِ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى وَ اَلْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ اَلْحَسَنِ بْنِ أَبَانٍ جَمِيعاً عَنِ اَلْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ عَنْ حَمَّادٍ عَنْ حَرِيزٍ عَمَّنْ أَخْبَرَهُ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: فِي اَلرَّجُلِ يَسْقُطُ مِنْهُ اَلدَّوَابُّ وَ هُوَ فِي اَلصَّلاَةِ قَالَ« يَمْضِي فِي صَلاَتِهِ وَ لاَ يَنْقُضُ ذَلِكَ وُضُوءَهُ».

The Shaykh (Al-Mufid), may Allah (swt) support him, narrated to me, saying: Ahmad bin Muhammad narrated to me from his father, from Muhammad bin Al-Hasan Al-Saffar, from Ahmad bin Muhammad bin ‘Isa and Al-Husayn bin Al-Hasan bin Aban, all from Al-Husayn bin Sa‘id, from Hammad, from Hariz, from someone who narrated to him from Abu Abdullah (a.s): Imam (a.s) said: Regarding a man from whom something falls (like worms or small creatures) during prayer. Imam (a.s) said: "He should continue in his prayer, and that does not nullify his ablution (wudu’)."

Hadith 22

وَ أَخْبَرَنِي اَلشَّيْخُ أَيَّدَهُ اَللَّهُ تَعَالَى قَالَ أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو اَلْقَاسِمِ جَعْفَرُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَعْقُوبَ عَنْ عِدَّةٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا[ أَصْحَابِهِ] عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ عَنْ ظَرِيفٍ يَعْنِي اِبْنَ نَاصِحٍ عَنْ ثَعْلَبَةَ بْنِ مَيْمُونٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ:« لَيْسَ فِي حَبِّ اَلْقَرْعِ وَ اَلدِّيدَانِ اَلصِّغَارِ وُضُوءٌ مَا هُوَ إِلاَّ بِمَنْزِلَةِ اَلْقَمْلِ».

The Shaykh (Al-Mufid), may Allah (swt) support him, narrated to me, saying: Abu Al-Qasim Ja‘far bin Muhammad narrated to me, from Muhammad bin Ya‘qub, from a group of our companions, from Ahmad bin Muhammad, from Muhammad bin Isma‘il, from Zharif (Ibn Nasih), from Tha‘labah bin Maymun, from Abdullah bin Yazid, from Abu Abdullah (a.s), who said: Imam (a.s) said: "There is no need for ablution (wudu) due to the eggs of lice or small worms; they are only like lice in status."

Hadith 23

وَ أَمَّا اَلْخَبَرُ اَلَّذِي رَوَاهُ اَلْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ عَنِ اَلْحَسَنِ أَخِيهِ عَنْ زُرْعَةَ عَنْ سَمَاعَةَ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَمَّا يَنْقُضُ اَلْوُضُوءَ قَالَ« اَلْحَدَثُ تَسْمَعُ صَوْتَهُ أَوْ تَجِدُ رِيحَهُ وَ اَلْقَرْقَرَةُ فِي اَلْبَطْنِ إِلاَّ شَيْءٌ تَصْبِرُ عَلَيْهِ وَ اَلضَّحِكُ فِي اَلصَّلاَةِ وَ اَلْقَيْءُ».

As for the narration reported by Al-Husayn bin Sa‘id, from Al-Hasan, his brother, from Zur‘ah, from Sama‘ah, who said: I asked him (Abu Abdullah (a.s)) about what nullifies ablution (wudu’). Imam (a.s) said: "An event (hadath) that you hear its sound or detect its smell, rumbling in the stomach unless it is something you can endure, laughter during prayer, and vomiting."

Commentary 6

فما يتضمن هذا الحديث من الضحك والقيئ فمحمول على ضحك لا يملك معه نفسه وكذلك على قئ مضعف لا يضبط معه نفسه والذي يدل على هذا

What this narration includes regarding laughter and vomiting is interpreted to refer to laughter in which one cannot control oneself, and vomiting that is so debilitating that one loses control. The evidence for this is in (following hadith).

Hadith 24

مَا أَخْبَرَنِي بِهِ اَلشَّيْخُ أَيَّدَهُ اَللَّهُ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ اَلْحَسَنِ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ اَلْحَسَنِ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى وَ اَلْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ اَلْحَسَنِ بْنِ أَبَانٍ عَنِ اَلْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ عَنِ اِبْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ رَهْطٍ سَمِعُوهُ يَقُولُ:« إِنَّ اَلتَّبَسُّمَ فِي اَلصَّلاَةِ لاَ يَنْقُضُ اَلصَّلاَةَ وَ لاَ يَنْقُضُ اَلْوُضُوءَ إِنَّمَا يَقْطَعُ اَلضَّحِكُ اَلَّذِي فِيهِ اَلْقَهْقَهَةُ».

The Shaykh (Al-Mufid), may Allah (swt) support him, narrated to me, from Ahmad bin Muhammad bin Al-Hasan, from his father, from Muhammad bin Al-Hasan, from Ahmad bin Muhammad bin ‘Isa and Al-Husayn bin Al-Hasan bin Aban, from Al-Husayn bin Sa‘id, from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr, from a group who heard him say: Imam (a.s) said: "Indeed, smiling during prayer does not nullify the prayer, nor does it nullify ablution (wudu’). Only laughter with audible giggling (qahqahah) interrupts the prayer."

Commentary 7

قوله إنما يقطع الضحك الذي فيه القهقهة راجع إلى الصلاة دون الوضوء ألا ترى أنه قال إنما يقطع الضحك الذي فيه القهقهة والقطع لا يقال إلا في الصلاة لانه لم تجر العادة بان يقال انقطع وضوئي وإنما يقال انقطعت صلاتي ويدل عليه ايضا

His (a.s) statement, "Only laughter with audible giggling (qahqahah) invalidates," refers to prayer, not ablution (wudu’). Do you not see that he said, "Only laughter with audible giggling invalidates," and the term "invalidation" (inqita‘) is not commonly used in reference to ablution? Rather, it is said, "My prayer was invalidated," not "My ablution was invalidated." This is further supported by the following evidence.

Hadith 25

مَا أَخْبَرَنِي بِهِ اَلشَّيْخُ أَيَّدَهُ اَللَّهُ تَعَالَى قَالَ أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو اَلْقَاسِمِ جَعْفَرُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ قُولَوَيْهِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَعْقُوبَ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ اِبْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنِ اِبْنِ أُذَيْنَةَ عَنْ أَبِي أُسَامَةَ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنِ اَلْقَيْءِ هَلْ يَنْقُضُ اَلْوُضُوءَ قَالَ« لاَ».

The Shaykh (Al-Mufid), may Allah (swt) support him, narrated to me, saying: Abu Al-Qasim Ja‘far bin Muhammad bin Qulawayh narrated to me, from Muhammad bin Ya‘qub, from ‘Ali bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr, from Ibn Udhaynah, from Abu Usamah, who said: I asked Abu Abdullah (a.s) about vomiting - does it nullify ablution (wudu’)? Imam (a.s) said: "No."

Hadith 26

فَأَمَّا مَا رَوَاهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اَلْجَبَّارِ عَنِ اَلْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ فَضَّالٍ عَنْ صَفْوَانَ عَنْ مَنْصُورٍ عَنْ أَبِي عُبَيْدَةَ اَلْحَذَّاءِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ:« اَلرُّعَافُ وَ اَلْقَيْءُ وَ اَلتَّخْلِيلُ يُسِيلُ اَلدَّمَ إِذَا اِسْتَكْرَهْتَ شَيْئاً يَنْقُضُ اَلْوُضُوءَ وَ إِنْ لَمْ تَسْتَكْرِهْهُ لَمْ يَنْقُضِ اَلْوُضُوءَ».

As for what was narrated by Muhammad bin ‘Ali bin Mahbub, from Muhammad bin Abdul-Jabbar, from Al-Hasan bin ‘Ali bin Faddal, from Safwan, from Mansur, from Abu ‘Ubaydah Al-Hadhdha’, from Abu Abdullah (a.s): Imam (a.s) said: "Nosebleed (ru‘af), vomiting, and picking at something that causes blood to flow - if you find it repulsive, it nullifies ablution (wudu’); but if you do not find it repulsive, it does not nullify ablution."

Commentary 8

فهذا الخبر محمول على الاستحباب لانا قد بينا انه لا وضوء فيه على حال ويدل على ذلك ايضا

This narration is interpreted as recommending mustahabb (preferable) action, because we have already clarified that there is no ablution (wudu’) required in such a case under any circumstances. This is further supported by the following evidence.

Hadith 27

مَا رَوَاهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنِ اَلْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ اَلْكُوفِيِّ عَنِ اَلْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ فَضَّالٍ عَنْ غَالِبِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ عَنْ رَوْحِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اَلرَّحِيمِ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنِ اَلْقَيْءِ قَالَ« لَيْسَ فِيهِ وُضُوءٌ وَ إِنْ تَقَيَّأْتَ مُتَعَمِّداً»

Narrated by Muhammad bin ‘Ali bin Mahbub, from Al-Hasan bin ‘Ali Al-Kufi, from Al-Hasan bin ‘Ali bin Faddal, from Ghalib bin ‘Uthman, from Rawh bin Abdul-Rahim, who said: I asked Abu Abdullah (a.s) about vomiting. Imam (a.s) said: "There is no ablution (wudu’) required for it, even if you vomit intentionally."

Hadith 28

أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ اَلْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ عَنِ اِبْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنِ اِبْنِ مُسْكَانَ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ:« لَيْسَ فِي اَلْقَيْءِ وُضُوءٌ».

Ahmad bin Muhammad, from Al-Hasan bin ‘Ali, from Ibn Sinan, from Ibn Muskan, from Abu Basir, from Abu Abdullah (a.s), who said: Imam (a.s) said: "There is no ablution (wudu’) required for vomiting."

Hadith 29

وَ اَلْحَدِيثُ اَلَّذِي رَوَاهُ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنِ اَلْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ بِنْتِ إِلْيَاسَ قَالَ سَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ:« رَأَيْتُ أَبِي صَلَوَاتُ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ وَ قَدْ رَعَفَ بَعْدَ مَا تَوَضَّأَ دَماً سَائِلاً فَتَوَضَّأَ».

And the narration reported by Ahmad bin Muhammad bin ‘Isa, from Al-Hasan bin ‘Ali bin Bint Ilyas, who said: "I saw my father (may Allah’s (swt) blessings be upon him) after he had performed ablution (wudu’), and then he experienced a flowing nosebleed (ru‘af), so he performed ablution again."

Commentary 9

فيجوز أن يكون أراد بالتوضي ههنا غسل الموضع لان تنظيف العضو يسمى وضوءا لانه مأخوذ من الوضاءة التي هي الحسن ألا ترى أن من غسل يده ونظفها وحسنها قيل وضأها ويقال فلان وضئ الوجه وقوم وضاء قال الشاعر مساميح الفعال ذوواأناة مراجيح وأوجههم وضاء والوضوء بفتح الواو اسم ما يتوضأ به والوضوء بضم الواو المصدر وكذلك التوضوء ومثل ذلك الوقود بفتح الواو اسم لما يوقد به النار والوقود بالضم المصدر ومثله التوقد فان قيل كيف يمكنكم حمل الخبر على مقتضى لفظ اللغة مع انتقاله في الشريعة والعرف إلى الافعال المخصوصة ألا ترى أن من قال توضأت لا يفهم منه في العرف الا الوضوء في الشريعة ولا يقال لمن غسل يديه أو غسل عضوا من أعضائه توضأ بالاطلاق قيل اطلاق اللفظ وإن كان قد انتقل إلى ما ذكرتم في العرف فمضافه لم ينتقل وإنما يفيد المضاف منه بحسب ما اضيف إليه ألا ترى ان من قال توضأت من الحدث أو للصلاة لم يفهم منه الا الافعال المخصوصة في الشريعة ولو قال بدلا من ذلك توضأت من الطعام أو توضأت للطعام لم يفهم منه الا غسل العضو والتنظيف والذي في الخبر أنه قال رأيت أبي وقد رعف بعد ما توضأ دما سائلا فتوضأ فكان تقديره انه توضأ منه ولو صرح فقال توضأ من الرعاف لما فهم منه الا غسل العضو كما انه إذا قال توضأت من الطعام لم يفهم منه الا تنظيف العضو المخصوص والذي يوضح عن هذا التأويل

It is permissible that what is meant by "ablution" (tawaddu’a) here is the washing of the affected area, as cleaning the part of the body is referred to as wudu’, derived from the term wada’ah, which implies cleanliness and beauty. Do you not see that when a person washes their hand, cleans it, and beautifies it, it is said that they "performed wudu’" (wada'aha)? Similarly, it is said of someone that they have a "radiant face" (wada’ al-wajh). The poet said: "Generous in their actions, deliberate in their judgments, Their faces radiant and resplendent." In linguistic terms: Wudu’ (with an open ‘waw’) refers to the water used for ablution. Wudu’ (with a closed ‘waw’) refers to the act of ablution itself, and the same applies to tawaddu’. Similarly, waqud (with an open ‘waw’) refers to the material used to ignite a fire, while waqud (with a closed ‘waw’) refers to the act of ignition, as does tawaqqud. If it is asked: "How can you interpret the narration according to the linguistic meaning, given that in Sharia and common usage the term has shifted to refer to specific ritual acts? Do you not see that when someone says, 'I performed wudu’,' it is only understood in common usage to mean the specific ritual acts of ablution in Sharia? And it is not said of someone who washes their hands or cleans a limb that they 'performed wudu’' without qualification?" The response is: While the general usage of the term may have shifted as you described, its added meaning has not shifted. The meaning of the added phrase depends on what it is attached to. Do you not see that when someone says, "I performed wudu’ for ritual impurity" or "for prayer," it is only understood to mean the specific acts of ablution in Sharia? However, if they say, "I performed wudu’ from food" or "I performed wudu’ for food," it is understood only as washing and cleaning the specific part of the body. In the narration, it is stated: "I saw my father experiencing a nosebleed after he had performed ablution, and then he performed wudu’ again for the flowing blood." This indicates that he "performed wudu’ from it," and if it had been explicitly stated, "He performed wudu’ for the nosebleed," it would only have been understood as washing the affected part, just as "performing wudu’ for food" is only understood as cleaning the specified part. What clarifies this interpretation is (following hadith):

Hadith 30

مَا أَخْبَرَنِي بِهِ اَلشَّيْخُ أَيَّدَهُ اَللَّهُ تَعَالَى قَالَ أَخْبَرَنِي أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ اَلْحَسَنِ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ وَ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ اَلْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ أَبِي اَلْخَطَّابِ عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ بَشِيرٍ عَنْ أَبِي حَبِيبٍ اَلْأَسَدِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ سَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ: فِي اَلرَّجُلِ يَرْعُفُ وَ هُوَ عَلَى وُضُوءٍ قَالَ« يَغْسِلُ آثَارَ اَلدَّمِ وَ يُصَلِّي».

The Shaykh (Al-Mufid), may Allah (swt) support him, narrated to me, saying: Ahmad bin Muhammad bin Al-Hasan narrated to me, from his father, from Sa‘d bin Abdullah and Muhammad bin Al-Husayn bin Abi Al-Khattab, from Ja‘far bin Bashir, from Abu Habib Al-Asadi, from Abu Abdullah (a.s), who said: I heard Imam (a.s) say regarding a man who experiences a nosebleed (ru‘af) while in a state of ablution (wudu’): "He washes away the traces of the blood and performs the prayer."

Hadith 31

وَ أَخْبَرَنِي اَلشَّيْخُ أَيَّدَهُ اَللَّهُ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ اَلْحَسَنِ عَنِ اَلْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ اَلْحَسَنِ بْنِ أَبَانٍ عَنِ اَلْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ عَنْ عُثْمَانَ عَنْ سَمَاعَةَ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ قَالَ سَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ:« إِذَا قَاءَ اَلرَّجُلُ وَ هُوَ عَلَى طُهْرٍ فَلْيَتَمَضْمَضْ وَ إِذَا رَعَفَ وَ هُوَ عَلَى وُضُوءٍ فَلْيَغْسِلْ أَنْفَهُ فَإِنَّ ذَلِكَ يُجْزِيهِ وَ لاَ يُعِيدُ وُضُوءَهُ

The Shaykh (Al-Mufid), may Allah (swt) support him, narrated to me, from Ahmad bin Muhammad, from his father, from Muhammad bin Al-Hasan, from Al-Husayn bin Al-Hasan bin Aban, from Al-Husayn bin Sa‘id, from ‘Uthman, from Sama‘ah, from Abu Basir, who said: I heard him (Abu Abdullah (a.s)) say: "If a man vomits while in a state of purity, he should rinse his mouth. And if he experiences a nosebleed while in a state of ablution (wudu’), he should wash his nose. That will suffice for him, and he does not need to repeat his ablution."

Commentary 10

ولو سلم أنه لا يحتمل في الشريعة إلا الوضوء المخصوص لحملناه على الاستحباب للاخبار التي نذكرها منها

And even if it is conceded that in Sharia the term only refers to the specific ritual ablution (wudu’), we would interpret it as a recommendation (mustahabb) due to the narrations that we will mention, including the (following hadith):

Hadith 32

مِنْهَا مَا أَخْبَرَنِي بِهِ اَلشَّيْخُ أَيَّدَهُ اَللَّهُ تَعَالَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى وَ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ إِدْرِيسَ جَمِيعاً عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ اَلنَّضْرِ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شِمْرٍ عَنْ جَابِرٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَ قَالَ سَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ:« لَوْ رَعَفْتُ دَوْرَقاً مَا زِدْتُ عَلَى أَنْ أَمْسَحَ مِنِّي اَلدَّمَ وَ أُصَلِّيَ».

Among them is what the Shaykh (Al-Mufid), may Allah (swt) support him, narrated to me, from Ahmad bin Muhammad, from his father, from Muhammad bin Yahya and Ahmad bin Idris, both from Muhammad bin Ahmad bin Yahya, from Ahmad bin Abi Abdullah, from his father, from Ahmad bin Al-Nadr, from ‘Amr bin Shimr, from Jabir, from Abu Ja‘far (a.s), who said: I heard Imam (a.s) say: "Even if I were to experience a nosebleed filling a jug, I would not do more than wipe the blood from myself and perform the prayer."

Hadith 33

وَ أَخْبَرَنِي اَلشَّيْخُ أَيَّدَهُ اَللَّهُ قَالَ أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو اَلْقَاسِمِ جَعْفَرُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَعْقُوبَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ اَلْحَسَنِ عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنِ اِبْنِ مُسْكَانَ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ اَلرُّعَافِ وَ اَلْحِجَامَةِ وَ كُلِّ دَمٍ سَائِلٍ فَقَالَ« لَيْسَ فِي هَذَا وُضُوءٌ إِنَّمَا اَلْوُضُوءُ مِنْ طَرَفَيْكَ اَللَّذَيْنِ أَنْعَمَ اَللَّهُ بِهِمَا عَلَيْكَ».

The Shaykh (Al-Mufid), may Allah (swt) support him, narrated to me, saying: Abu Al-Qasim Ja‘far bin Muhammad narrated to me, from Muhammad bin Ya‘qub, from Muhammad bin Al-Hasan, from Sahl bin Ziyad, from Muhammad bin Sinan, from Ibn Muskan, from Abu Basir, from Abu Abdullah (a.s), who said: I asked Imam (a.s) about nosebleeds, cupping, and any flowing blood. Imam (a.s) said: "There is no ablution (wudu’) required for this. Ablution is only required due to the two (excretory) openings that Allah (swt) has blessed you with."

Hadith 34

وَ أَخْبَرَنِي اَلشَّيْخُ أَيَّدَهُ اَللَّهُ تَعَالَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ اَلْحَسَنِ بْنِ اَلْوَلِيدِ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ اَلْأَشْعَرِيِّ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ أَبِي مَحْمُودٍ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ اَلرِّضَا عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنِ اَلْقَيْءِ وَ اَلرُّعَافِ وَ اَلْمِدَّةِ أَ تَنْقُضُ اَلْوُضُوءَ أَمْ لاَ قَالَ« لاَ تَنْقُضُ شَيْئاً».

The Shaykh (Al-Mufid), may Allah (swt) support him, narrated to me, from Ahmad bin Muhammad bin Al-Hasan bin Al-Walid, from his father, from Muhammad bin Yahya, from Muhammad bin ‘Ali bin Mahbub Al-Ash‘ari, from Ahmad, from Ibrahim bin Abi Mahmoud, who said: I asked Al-Ridha (a.s) about vomiting, nosebleeds, and pus - do they nullify ablution (wudu’) or not? Imam (a.s) said: "They do not nullify anything."

Hadith 35

فَأَمَّا مَا رَوَاهُ اَلْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ عَنْ أَخِيهِ اَلْحَسَنِ عَنْ زُرْعَةَ عَنْ سَمَاعَةَ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنْ نَشِيدِ اَلشِّعْرِ هَلْ يَنْقُضُ اَلْوُضُوءَ أَوْ ظُلْمِ اَلرَّجُلِ صَاحِبَهُ أَوِ اَلْكَذِبِ فَقَالَ« نَعَمْ إِلاَّ أَنْ يَكُونَ شِعْراً يَصْدُقُ فِيهِ أَوْ يَكُونَ يَسِيراً مِنَ اَلشِّعْرِ اَلْأَبْيَاتَ اَلثَّلاَثَةَ وَ اَلْأَرْبَعَةَ فَأَمَّا أَنْ يُكْثِرَ مِنَ اَلشِّعْرِ اَلْبَاطِلِ فَهُوَ يَنْقُضُ اَلْوُضُوءَ».

As for what was narrated by Al-Husayn bin Sa‘id, from his brother Al-Hasan, from Zur‘ah, from Sama‘ah, who said: I asked Him (a.s) about reciting poetry - does it nullify ablution (wudu’)? Or about a man wronging his companion, or lying? He (a.s) said: "Yes, except if it is poetry in which he speaks the truth or a small amount of poetry - three or four verses. But as for excessive recitation of false poetry, it nullifies ablution (wudu’)."

Commentary 11

فأول ما فيه أن سماعة قال سألته ولم يذكر المسؤول بعينه ويحتمل أن يكون قد سأل غير الامام فأجابه بذلك وإذا احتمل ما قلناه لم يكن فيه حجة علينا ثم لو سلم انه سأل الامام لحملناه على الاستحباب والندب بدلالة

The first issue with this is that Sama‘ah said, "I asked him," without specifying who exactly was being questioned. It is possible that he asked someone other than the Imam, who then gave him this response. If what we have suggested is plausible, then the narration does not constitute evidence against us. Even if it is conceded that he did ask the Imam (a.s), we would interpret the response as referring to mustahabb (recommendation) and nadb (commendable action), based on the following evidence.

Hadith 36

مَا أَخْبَرَنِي بِهِ اَلشَّيْخُ أَيَّدَهُ اَللَّهُ تَعَالَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ اَلْحَسَنِ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ اَلْحَسَنِ اَلصَّفَّارِ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى وَاَلْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ اَلْحَسَنِ بْنِ أَبَانٍ جَمِيعاً عَنِ اَلْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ عَنْ فَضَالَةَ عَنْ عُثْمَانَ عَنْ أُدَيْمِ بْنِ اَلْحُرِّ أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ يَقُولُ:« لَيْسَ يَنْقُضُ اَلْوُضُوءَ إِلاَّ مَا خَرَجَ مِنْ طَرَفَيْكَ اَلْأَسْفَلَيْنِ».

The Shaykh (Al-Mufid), may Allah (swt) support him, narrated to me, from Ahmad bin Muhammad bin Al-Hasan, from his father, from Muhammad bin Al-Hasan Al-Saffar, from Ahmad bin Muhammad bin ‘Isa and Al-Husayn bin Al-Hasan bin Aban, both from Al-Husayn bin Sa‘id, from Fadalah, from ‘Uthman, from Udaym bin Al-Hurr, who heard Abu Abdullah (a.s) say: Imam (a.s) said: "Ablution (wudu’) is not nullified except by what exits from your two lower (excretory) openings."

Commentary 12

فنفى أن يكون ما لم يخرج من السبيلين ينقض الوضوء

Thus, it negates that anything which does not exit from the two orifices (the urethra and anus) nullifies ablution (wudu’).

Hadith 37

وَ أَخْبَرَنِي اَلشَّيْخُ أَيَّدَهُ اَللَّهُ[ رَحِمَهُ اَللَّهُ خ ل] تَعَالَى أَيْضاً عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ اَلْحَسَنِ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ اَلْحَكَمِ عَنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ مَيْسَرَةَ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنْ إِنْشَادِ اَلشِّعْرِ هَلْ يَنْقُضُ اَلْوُضُوءَ قَالَ« لاَ».

The Shaykh (Al-Mufid), may Allah (swt) support him, also narrated to me from Ahmad bin Muhammad bin Al-Hasan, from his father, from Sa‘d bin Abdullah, from Ahmad bin Muhammad bin ‘Isa, from ‘Ali bin Al-Hakam, from Mu‘awiyah bin Maysarah, who said: I asked Abu Abdullah (a.s) about reciting poetry - does it nullify ablution (wudu’)? Imam (a.s) said: "No."

Commentary 13

فاما المذي والوذي فانهما لا ينقضان الوضوء والذي يدل على ذلك

As for madhy (pre-seminal fluid) and wadhy (a similar discharge), they do not nullify ablution (wudu’). The evidence for this is as following (hadith).

Hadith 38

مَا أَخْبَرَنِي بِهِ اَلشَّيْخُ أَيَّدَهُ اَللَّهُ تَعَالَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ اَلْحَسَنِ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنِ اَلْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ فَضَّالٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ بْنِ بُكَيْرٍ عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ حَنْظَلَةَ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنِ اَلْمَذْيِ فَقَالَ« مَا هُوَ عِنْدِي إِلاَّ كَالنُّخَامَةِ».

The Shaykh (Al-Mufid), may Allah (swt) support him, narrated to me, from Ahmad bin Muhammad bin Al-Hasan, from his father, from Sa‘d bin Abdullah, from Ahmad bin Muhammad bin ‘Isa, from Al-Hasan bin ‘Ali bin Faddal, from Abdullah bin Bukayr, from ‘Umar bin Hanzalah, who said: I asked Abu Abdullah (a.s) about pre-seminal fluid (madhy). Imam (a.s) said: "In my view, it is nothing more than like spittle (nukhama[2])."

Hadith 39

وَ أَخْبَرَنِي اَلشَّيْخُ أَيَّدَهُ اَللَّهُ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ اَلْحَسَنِ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ اَلْحَسَنِ اَلصَّفَّارِ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى وَ اَلْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ اَلْحَسَنِ بْنِ أَبَانٍ جَمِيعاً عَنِ اَلْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ عَنْ صَفْوَانَ عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ عَمَّارٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ اَلْمَذْيِ فَقَالَ« إِنَّ عَلِيّاً عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ كَانَ رَجُلاً مَذَّاءً وَ اِسْتَحْيَا أَنْ يَسْأَلَ رَسُولَ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ لِمَكَانِ فَاطِمَةَ عَلَيْهَا اَلسَّلاَمُ فَأَمَرَ اَلْمِقْدَادَ أَنْ يَسْأَلَهُ وَ هُوَ جَالِسٌ فَسَأَلَهُ فَقَالَ لَهُ« لَيْسَ بِشَيْءٍ»».

The Shaykh (Al-Mufid), may Allah (swt) support him, narrated to me, from Ahmad bin Muhammad bin Al-Hasan, from his father, from Muhammad bin Al-Hasan Al-Saffar, from Ahmad bin Muhammad bin ‘Isa and Al-Husayn bin Al-Hasan bin Aban, both from Al-Husayn bin Sa‘id, from Safwan, from Ishaq bin Ammar, from Abu Abdullah (a.s), who said: I asked Imam (a.s) about pre-seminal fluid (madhy). Imam (a.s) said: "(Imam) Ali (a.s) was a man who experienced frequent discharge of madhy, and he was shy to ask the Messenger of Allah (swt) (may Allah (swt) bless him and his family) about it because of his relationship with (Sayyida) Fatimah (s.a). So, (Imam) Ali (a.s) instructed Miqdad to ask Prophet (saws) while he was sitting (in his presence). Miqdad asked Prophet (saws), and the Prophet (saws) said: 'It is nothing significant.'"

Hadith 40

وَ أَخْبَرَنِي اَلشَّيْخُ أَيَّدَهُ اَللَّهُ قَالَ أَخْبَرَنِي أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ اَلْحَسَنِ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ اَلْحَسَنِ اَلصَّفَّارِ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ اِبْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنِ اِبْنِ أُذَيْنَةَ عَنْ زَيْدٍ اَلشَّحَّامِ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ اَلْمَذْيُ يَنْقُضُ اَلْوُضُوءَ قَالَ« لاَ وَ لاَ يُغْسَلُ مِنْهُ اَلثَّوْبُ وَ لاَ اَلْجَسَدُ إِنَّمَا هُوَ بِمَنْزِلَةِ اَلْبُزَاقِ وَ اَلْمُخَاطِ».

The Shaykh (Al-Mufid), may Allah (swt) support him, narrated to me, saying: Ahmad bin Muhammad bin Al-Hasan narrated to me, from his father, from Muhammad bin Al-Hasan Al-Saffar, from Ahmad bin Muhammad bin ‘Isa, from his father, from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr, from Ibn Udhaynah, from Zayd Al-Shahham, who said: I said to Abu Abdullah (a.s): "Does pre-seminal fluid (madhy) nullify ablution (wudu’)?" Imam (a.s) said: "No, and it does not require washing of the garment or the body. It is only like spittle or mucus."

Hadith 41

وَ أَخْبَرَنِي اَلشَّيْخُ أَيَّدَهُ اَللَّهُ تَعَالَى قَالَ أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو اَلْقَاسِمِ جَعْفَرُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَعْقُوبَ عَنِ اَلْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ مُعَلَّى بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ اَلْوَشَّاءِ عَنْ أَبَانٍ عَنْ عَنْبَسَةَ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ يَقُولُ:« كَانَ عَلِيٌّ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ لاَ يَرَى فِي اَلْمَذْيِ وُضُوءاً وَ لاَ غَسْلَ مَا أَصَابَ اَلثَّوْبَ مِنْهُ إِلاَّ فِي اَلْمَاءِ اَلْأَكْبَرِ».

The Shaykh (Al-Mufid), may Allah (swt) support him, narrated to me, saying: Abu Al-Qasim Ja‘far bin Muhammad narrated to me, from Muhammad bin Ya‘qub, from Al-Husayn bin Muhammad, from Mu‘alla bin Muhammad, from Al-Washsha’, from Aban, from ‘Anbasah, who said: I heard Abu Abdullah (a.s) say: "(Imam) Ali (a.s) did not consider pre-seminal fluid (madhy) to require ablution (wudu’) or washing of what it touched on a garment, except in the case of a major impurity (janabah)."

Hadith 42

فَأَمَّا اَلْحَدِيثُ اَلَّذِي رَوَاهُ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ بَزِيعٍ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ اَلرِّضَا عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنِ اَلْمَذْيِ فَأَمَرَنِي بِالْوُضُوءِ مِنْهُ ثُمَّ أَعَدْتُ عَلَيْهِ فِي سَنَةٍ أُخْرَى فَأَمَرَنِي بِالْوُضُوءِ مِنْهُ وَ قَالَ« إِنَّ عَلِيَّ بْنَ أَبِي طَالِبٍ[ عَلِيًّا خ ل] عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ أَمَرَ اَلْمِقْدَادَ بْنَ اَلْأَسْوَدِ أَنْ يَسْأَلَ اَلنَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ وَ اِسْتَحْيَا أَنْ يَسْأَلَهُ فَقَالَ« فِيهِ اَلْوُضُوءُ»».

As for the narration reported by Ahmad bin Muhammad bin ‘Isa, from Muhammad bin Isma‘il bin Bazee‘, who said: I asked Al-Ridha (a.s) about pre-seminal fluid (madhy), and Imam (a.s) instructed me to perform ablution (wudu’) because of it. Then, I asked Imam (a.s) again in another year, and Imam (a.s) again instructed me to perform ablution because of it and said: "Indeed, Ali bin Abi Talib (a.s) instructed Miqdad bin Al-Aswad to ask the Prophet (may Allah (swt) bless him and his family) because He (a.s) was too shy to ask him himself. The Prophet (may Allah (swt) bless him and his family) said, 'It requires ablution (wudu’).'"

Commentary 14

فهذا خبر ضعيف شاذ والذى يكشف عن ذلك الخبر المتقدم الذي رواه اسحاق ابن عمار عن أبي عبد الله عليه السلام وذكر قصة أمير المؤمنين عليه السلام مع المقداد وانه لما سأل النبي صلى الله عليه وآله عن ذلك فقال لا بأس به وقد روى هذا الراوي بعينه انه يجوز ترك الوضوء من المذي فعلم بذلك ان المراد بالخبر ضرب من الاستحباب

This is a weak and inconsistent narration. What clarifies this is the earlier narration reported by Ishaq ibn Ammar from Abu Abdullah (a.s), which mentions the story of the Commander of the Faithful (a.s) with Miqdad. When Miqdad asked the Prophet (may Allah (swt) bless him and his family) about this, He (saws) said: "There is no harm in it." The same narrator has also reported that it is permissible to forgo ablution (wudu’) for madhy (pre-seminal fluid). This indicates that the intended meaning of the narration is a form of recommendation (istihbab).

Hadith 43

رَوَى اَلْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ عَنْ أَبِي اَلْحَسَنِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ اَلْمَذْيِ فَأَمَرَنِي بِالْوُضُوءِ مِنْهُ ثُمَّ أَعَدْتُ عَلَيْهِ سَنَةً أُخْرَى فَأَمَرَنِي بِالْوُضُوءِ مِنْهُ وَقَالَ« إِنَّ عَلِيّاً عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ أَمَرَ اَلْمِقْدَادَ أَنْ يَسْأَلَ رَسُولَ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ وَ اِسْتَحْيَا أَنْ يَسْأَلَهُ فَقَالَ« فِيهِ اَلْوُضُوءُ»» قُلْتُ فَإِنْ لَمْ أَتَوَضَّأْ قَالَ« لاَ بَأْسَ بِهِ».

Al-Husayn bin Sa‘id narrated, from Muhammad bin Isma‘il, from Abu Al-Hasan (a.s), who said: I asked Imam (a.s) about pre-seminal fluid (madhy), and he instructed me to perform ablution (wudu’) because of it. Then, I asked Imam (a.s) again in another year, and he again instructed me to perform ablution because of it and said: "Indeed, Ali (a.s) instructed Miqdad to ask the Messenger of Allah (swt) (may Allah (swt) bless him and his family) because He (a.s) was too shy to ask Him (saws) himself. The Prophet (may Allah (swt) bless him and his family) said: 'It requires ablution (wudu’).'" I said: "What if I do not perform ablution?" Imam (a.s) said: "There is no harm in it."

Commentary 15

ثم لو صح ذلك كان محمولا على المذي الذي يخرج عن شهوة ويخرج عن المعهود المعتاد من كثرته والذي يدل على هذا التأويل

Then, even if this (hadith) were authentic, it would be interpreted as referring to madhy (pre-seminal fluid) that is discharged due to sexual arousal and deviates from the usual and customary amount due to its excessive nature. The evidence supporting this interpretation is as follows (hadith):

Hadith 44

مَا أَخْبَرَنِي بِهِ اَلشَّيْخُ أَيَّدَهُ اَللَّهُ تَعَالَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ اَلْحَسَنِ بْنِ اَلْوَلِيدِ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ اَلْحَسَنِ اَلصَّفَّارِ عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ عُمَرَ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ اَلنُّعْمَانِ عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ اَلْمُكَارِي عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ اَلْمَذْيُ اَلَّذِي يَخْرُجُ مِنَ اَلرَّجُلِ قَالَ« أَحُدُّ لَكَ فِيهِ حَدّاً» قَالَ قُلْتُ نَعَمْ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ قَالَ فَقَالَ« إِنْ خَرَجَ مِنْكَ عَلَى شَهْوَةٍ فَتَوَضَّأْ وَ إِنْ خَرَجَ مِنْكَ عَلَى غَيْرِ ذَلِكَ فَلَيْسَ عَلَيْكَ فِيهِ وُضُوءٌ».

The Shaykh (Al-Mufid), may Allah (swt) support him, narrated to me, from Ahmad bin Muhammad bin Al-Hasan bin Al-Walid, from his father, from Muhammad bin Al-Hasan Al-Saffar, from Musa bin ‘Umar, from ‘Ali bin Al-Nu‘man, from Abu Sa‘id Al-Mukari, from Abu Basir, who said: I said to Abu Abdullah (a.s): "What about the pre-seminal fluid (madhy) that exits from a man?" Imam (a.s) said: "Shall I set a rule for you regarding it?" I said: "Yes, may I be your ransom." Imam (a.s) said: "If it exits due to sexual arousal, then perform ablution (wudu’). But if it exits without that, then there is no ablution required for it."

Hadith 45

اَلصَّفَّارُ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنِ اَلْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ يَقْطِينٍ عَنْ أَخِيهِ اَلْحُسَيْنِ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ يَقْطِينٍ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا اَلْحَسَنِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنِ اَلْمَذْيِ أَ يَنْقُضُ اَلْوُضُوءَ قَالَ« إِنْ كَانَ مِنْ شَهْوَةٍ نَقَضَ».

Al-Saffar, from Ahmad bin Muhammad bin ‘Isa, from Al-Hasan bin ‘Ali bin Yaqtin, from his brother Al-Husayn, from their father ‘Ali bin Yaqtin, who said: I asked Abu Al-Hasan (a.s) about pre-seminal fluid (madhy) - does it nullify ablution (wudu’)? Imam (a.s) said: "If it is due to sexual arousal, it nullifies ablution."

Hadith 46

اَلصَّفَّارُ عَنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ حُكَيْمٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ اَلْحَسَنِ بْنِ رِبَاطٍ عَنِ اَلْكَاهِلِيِّ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا اَلْحَسَنِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنِ اَلْمَذْيِ فَقَالَ« مَا كَانَ مِنْهُ بِشَهْوَةٍ فَتَوَضَّأْ مِنْهُ».

Al-Saffar, from Mu‘awiyah bin Hakim, from ‘Ali bin Al-Hasan bin Ribah, from Al-Kahili, who said: I asked Abu Al-Hasan (a.s) about pre-seminal fluid (madhy). Imam (a.s) said: "If it is accompanied by sexual arousal, then perform ablution (wudu’) because of it."

Commentary 16

وهذا نحمله على انه إذا كان خارجا عن المعهود لان المعهود المعتاد لا يجب منه إعادة الوضوء سواء خرج عن شهوة أو عن غير شهوة أو يكون المراد بها ضرب من الاستحباب والذي يدل على ذلك

And this is interpreted as referring to cases where the discharge is unusual, because the usual and customary discharge does not require repeating ablution (wudu’), whether it is due to arousal or not. Alternatively, it could mean a form of recommendation (istihbab). The evidence supporting this is as follows (hadith):

Hadith 47

وَ اَلَّذِي يَدُلُّ عَلَى ذَلِكَ مَا أَخْبَرَنِي بِهِ اَلشَّيْخُ أَيَّدَهُ اَللَّهُ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ اَلْحَسَنِ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ اَلْحَسَنِ اَلصَّفَّارِ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنِ اَلْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ عَنِ اِبْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ غَيْرِ وَاحِدٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ:« لَيْسَ فِي اَلْمَذْيِ مِنَ اَلشَّهْوَةِ وَ لاَ مِنَ اَلْإِنْعَاظِ وَ لاَ مِنَ اَلْقُبْلَةِ وَ لاَ مِنْ مَسِّ اَلْفَرْجِ وَ لاَ مِنَ اَلْمُضَاجَعَةِ وُضُوءٌ وَ لاَ يُغْسَلُ مِنْهُ اَلثَّوْبُ وَ لاَ اَلْجَسَدُ».

What indicates this is what the Shaykh (Al-Mufid), may Allah (swt) support him, narrated to me, from Ahmad bin Muhammad bin Al-Hasan, from his father, from Muhammad bin Al-Hasan Al-Saffar, from Ahmad bin Muhammad bin ‘Isa, from Al-Husayn bin Sa‘id, from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr, from more than one of our companions, from Abu Abdullah (a.s), who said: Imam (a.s) said: "There is no ablution (wudu’) required for pre-seminal fluid (madhy), whether due to arousal, erection, kissing, touching the private parts, or lying together. Neither the garment nor the body needs to be washed because of it."

Hadith 48

مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ اَلْحَسَنِ اَلصَّفَّارُ عَنِ اَلْهَيْثَمِ بْنِ أَبِي مَسْرُوقٍ اَلنَّهْدِيِّ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ اَلْحَسَنِ اَلطَّاطَرِيِّ عَنِ اِبْنِ رِبَاطٍ عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ:« يَخْرُجُ مِنَ اَلْإِحْلِيلِ اَلْمَنِيُّ وَ اَلْمَذْيُ وَ اَلْوَدْيُ وَ اَلْوَذْيُ فَأَمَّا اَلْمَنِيُّ فَهُوَ اَلَّذِي تَسْتَرْخِي لَهُ اَلْعِظَامُ وَ يَفْتُرُ بِهِ اَلْجَسَدُ وَ فِيهِ اَلْغُسْلُ وَ أَمَّا اَلْمَذْيُ فَيَخْرُجُ مِنَ اَلشَّهْوَةِ وَ لاَ شَيْءَ فِيهِ وَ أَمَّا اَلْوَدْيُ فَهُوَ اَلَّذِي يَخْرُجُ بَعْدَ اَلْبَوْلِ وَ أَمَّا اَلْوَذْيُ فَهُوَ اَلَّذِي يَخْرُجُ مِنَ اَلْأَدْوَاءِ وَ لاَ شَيْءَ فِيهِ».

Muhammad bin Al-Hasan Al-Saffar, from Al-Haytham bin Abi Masruq Al-Nahdi, from ‘Ali bin Al-Hasan Al-Tatari, from Ibn Ribah, from some of our companions, from Abu Abdullah (a.s), who said: Imam (a.s) said: "Semen (mani), pre-seminal fluid (madhy), post-urinary discharge (wady), and pathological discharge (wadhy) all come out from the urethra. As for semen, it is that which causes the bones to relax, the body to feel drained, and requires a ritual bath (ghusl). As for madhy, it exits due to arousal, and there is nothing required for it. As for wady, it is what exits after urination. As for wadhy, it is what exits due to illness, and there is nothing required for it."

Hadith 49

وَ أَمَّا اَلْخَبَرُ اَلَّذِي رَوَاهُ اَلْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنِ اِبْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ:« ثَلاَثٌ يَخْرُجْنَ مِنَ اَلْإِحْلِيلِ وَ هُنَّ اَلْمَنِيُّ فَمِنْهُ اَلْغُسْلُ وَ اَلْوَدْيُ فَمِنْهُ اَلْوُضُوءُ لِأَنَّهُ يَخْرُجُ مِنْ دَرِيرَةِ اَلْبَوْلِ» قَالَ« وَ اَلْمَذْيُ لَيْسَ فِيهِ وُضُوءٌ إِنَّمَا هُوَ بِمَنْزِلَةِ مَا يَخْرُجُ مِنَ اَلْأَنْفِ».

As for the narration reported by Al-Hasan bin ‘Ali bin Mahbub, from Ibn Sinan, from Abu Abdullah (a.s), who said: Imam (a.s) said: "Three things come out from the urethra: Semen (mani), for which a ritual bath (ghusl) is required. Post-urinary discharge (wady), for which ablution (wudu’) is required because it exits along with traces of urine. Pre-seminal fluid (madhy), for which no ablution (wudu’) is required; it is only like what exits from the nose."

Commentary 17

قوله والودي فمنه الوضوء محمول على أنه إذا لم يكن قد استبرء من البول بما نذكره من بعد وخرج منه الودي فيجب عليه الوضوء لانه لا يخرج إلا ومعه شئ من البول ألا ترى إلى قوله لانه يخرج من دريرة البول تنبيها على انه يكون معه البول ولولا ذلك لما وجب منه إعادة الوضوء والذي يكشف عما ذكرناه

His statement: "As for wady, ablution (wudu’) is required for it" is interpreted to mean when one has not performed istibra’ (cleansing the urethra after urination), as we will explain later, and wady is discharged afterward. In such a case, ablution becomes obligatory because it does not exit except with some traces of urine. Do you not see his statement: "because it exits along with traces of urine"? This indicates that it is accompanied by urine, and were it not for this, repeating ablution would not be necessary. What clarifies what we have mentioned is the following (hadith):

Hadith 50

وَ اَلَّذِي يَكْشِفُ عَمَّا ذَكَرْنَاهُ مَا رَوَاهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ يَحْيَى عَنْ يَعْقُوبَ بْنِ يَزِيدَ عَنِ اِبْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ جَمِيلِ بْنِ صَالِحٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اَلْمَلِكِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: فِي اَلرَّجُلِ يَبُولُ ثُمَّ يَسْتَنْجِي ثُمَّ يَجِدُ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ بَلَلاً قَالَ« إِذَا بَالَ فَخَرَطَ مَا بَيْنَ اَلْمَقْعَدَةِ وَاَلْأُنْثَيَيْنِ ثَلاَثَ مَرَّاتٍ وَغَمَزَ مَا بَيْنَهُمَا ثُمَّ اِسْتَنْجَى فَإِنْ سَالَ حَتَّى يَبْلُغَ اَلسُّوقَ فَلاَ يُبَالِي».

What clarifies what we have mentioned is the narration reported by Muhammad bin Ahmad bin Yahya, from Ya‘qub bin Yazid, from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr, from Jamil bin Salih, from Abdul-Malik bin Amr, from Abu Abdullah (a.s): Imam (a.s) said: Regarding a man who urinates, then performs istinja’ (washing), and afterward finds some wetness: He (a.s) said: "If he urinates, then firmly presses (the area) between the anus and the testicles three times, and squeezes the area between them, then performs istinja’, even if something flows afterward and reaches his thighs, he should not concern himself with it."

Commentary 18

ويدل على ذلك

And this indicates that (following hadith):

Hadith 51

وَ يَدُلُّ عَلَى ذَلِكَ مَا أَخْبَرَنِي بِهِ اَلشَّيْخُ أَيَّدَهُ اَللَّهُ تَعَالَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ اَلْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ اَلْحَسَنِ بْنِ أَبَانٍ عَنِ اَلْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ عَنْ حَمَّادٍ عَنْ حَرِيزٍ عَمَّنْ أَخْبَرَهُ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ:« اَلْوَدْيُ لاَ يَنْقُضُ اَلْوُضُوءَ إِنَّمَا هُوَ بِمَنْزِلَةِ اَلْمُخَاطِ وَ اَلْبُزَاقِ».

What supports this is what the Shaykh (Al-Mufid), may Allah (swt) support him, narrated to me from Ahmad bin Muhammad, from his father, from Al-Husayn bin Al-Hasan bin Aban, from Al-Husayn bin Sa‘id, from Hammad, from Hariz, from someone who narrated it to him from Abu Abdullah (a.s), who said: Imam (a.s) said: "Post-urinary discharge (wady) does not nullify ablution (wudu’); it is only like mucus or spittle."

Hadith 52

وَ بِهَذَا اَلْإِسْنَادِ عَنِ اَلْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ عَنْ حَمَّادٍ عَنْ حَرِيزٍ قَالَ حَدَّثَنِي زَيْدٌ اَلشَّحَّامُ وَ زُرَارَةُ وَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ أَنَّهُ قَالَ:« إِنْ سَالَ مِنْ ذَكَرِكَ شَيْءٌ مِنْ مَذْيٍ أَوْ وَدْيٍ فَلاَ تَغْسِلْهُ وَلاَ تَقْطَعْ لَهُ اَلصَّلاَةَ وَ لاَ تَنْقُضْ لَهُ اَلْوُضُوءَ إِنَّمَا ذَلِكَ بِمَنْزِلَةِ اَلنُّخَامَةِ وَ كُلُّ شَيْءٍ خَرَجَ مِنْكَ بَعْدَ اَلْوُضُوءِ فَإِنَّهُ مِنَ اَلْحَبَائِلِ».

And through the same chain of narration, from Al-Husayn bin Sa‘id, from Hammad, from Hariz, who said: Zayd Al-Shahham, Zurara, and Muhammad bin Muslim narrated to me from Abu Abdullah (a.s) that he said: Imam (a.s) said: "If something like madhy (pre-seminal fluid) or wady (post-urinary discharge) flows from your private part, do not wash it, do not interrupt your prayer because of it, and do not renew your ablution (wudu’). It is only like spittle. Anything that exits from you after ablution is from the effects of bodily functions (al-haba’il)."

Hadith 53

فَأَمَّا مَا رَوَاهُ اَلْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ عَنِ اِبْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ قَالَ حَدَّثَنِي يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ يَقْطِينٍ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا اَلْحَسَنِ اَلرِّضَا عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنِ اَلرَّجُلِ يُمْذِي وَ هُوَ فِي اَلصَّلاَةِ مِنْ شَهْوَةٍ أَوْ مِنْ غَيْرِ شَهْوَةٍ قَالَ« اَلْمَذْيُ مِنْهُ اَلْوُضُوءُ».

As for what was narrated by Al-Husayn bin Sa‘id, from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr, who said: Ya‘qub bin Yaqtin narrated to me, saying: I asked Abu Al-Hasan Al-Ridha (a.s) about a man who experiences madhy (pre-seminal fluid) during prayer, whether due to arousal or not. He (a.s) said: "For madhy, ablution (wudu’) is required."

Commentary 19

قوله: المذي منه الوضوء محمول على التعجب منه لا الاخبار فكأنه من شهوته وظهوره في ترك الوضوء منه قال: هذا شي يتوضأ منه! (وأما القبلة ومس الفرج فانهما لا ينقضان الوضوء) والذي يدل على ذلك:

The statement, "For madhy, ablution is required," is interpreted as an expression of astonishment, not as a report. It is as if, due to its association with arousal and the expectation that it might require ablution, it was said in astonishment: "This is something that requires ablution?!" As for kissing and touching the private parts, they do not nullify ablution. The evidence for this is as follows (hadith):

Hadith 54

مَا أَخْبَرَنِي بِهِ اَلشَّيْخُ أَيَّدَهُ اَللَّهُ تَعَالَى قَالَ أَخْبَرَنِي أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ اَلْحَسَنِ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنِ اَلْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ عَنْ فَضَالَةَ بْنِ أَيُّوبَ وَ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ جَمِيلِ بْنِ دَرَّاجٍ وَ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ:« لَيْسَ فِي اَلْقُبْلَةِ وَ لاَ اَلْمُبَاشَرَةِ وَ لاَ مَسِّ اَلْفَرْجِ وُضُوءٌ».

What the Shaykh (Al-Mufid), may Allah (swt) support him, narrated to me: Ahmad bin Muhammad bin Al-Hasan narrated to me, from his father, from Sa‘d bin Abdullah, from Ahmad bin Muhammad bin ‘Isa, from Al-Husayn bin Sa‘id, from Fadalah bin Ayyub and Muhammad bin Abi ‘Umayr, from Jamil bin Darraj and Hammad bin ‘Uthman, from Zurara, from Abu Ja‘far (a.s), who said: Imam (a.s) said: "There is no ablution (wudu’) required for kissing, physical intimacy, or touching the private parts."

Hadith 55

وَبِهَذَا اَلْإِسْنَادِ عَنِ اَلْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ أَبَانِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ عَنْ أَبِي مَرْيَمَ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِأَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ مَا تَقُولُ فِي اَلرَّجُلِ يَتَوَضَّأُ ثُمَّ يَدْعُو جَارِيَتَهُ فَتَأْخُذُ بِيَدِهِ حَتَّى يَنْتَهِيَ إِلَى اَلْمَسْجِدِ فَإِنَّ مَنْ عِنْدَنَا يَزْعُمُونَ أَنَّهَا اَلْمُلاَمَسَةُ فَقَالَ« لاَ وَ اَللَّهِ مَا بِذَلِكَ بَأْسٌ وَ رُبَّمَا فَعَلْتُهُ وَ مَا يَعْنِي بِهَذَا« أَوْ لاٰمَسْتُمُ اَلنِّسٰاءَ» إِلاَّ اَلْمُوَاقَعَةَ دُونَ اَلْفَرْجِ».

Through the same chain of narration, from Al-Husayn bin Sa‘id, from Ahmad bin Muhammad, from Aban bin ‘Uthman, from Abu Maryam, who said: I said to Abu Ja‘far (a.s): "What do you say about a man who performs ablution (wudu’), then calls his servant-girl, and she takes his hand and leads him to the mosque? Those among us claim that this is considered 'touching' (mulamasah)." He (a.s) said: "By Allah (swt), there is no harm in this, and I have done it myself. What is meant by the verse, 'or you touched women' (Surah An-Nisa 4:43), is not physical touch but sexual intercourse without penetration."

Hadith 56

فَأَمَّا مَا رَوَاهُ اَلْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ عَنْ عُثْمَانَ عَنِ اِبْنِ مُسْكَانَ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ:« إِذَا قَبَّلَ اَلرَّجُلُ اَلْمَرْأَةَ مِنْ شَهْوَةٍ أَوْ مَسَّ فَرْجَهَا أَعَادَ اَلْوُضُوءَ».

As for what was narrated by Al-Husayn bin Sa‘id, from ‘Uthman, from Ibn Muskan, from Abu Basir, from Abu Abdullah (a.s), who said: Imam (a.s) said: "If a man kisses a woman with desire or touches her private part, he should repeat his ablution (wudu’)."

Commentary 20

فمحمول على الاستحباب أو على أنه يغسل يده وغسل اليد قد يسمى وضوءا على ما تقدم ويدل على هذا التأويل

This is interpreted as a recommendation (istihbab) or as referring to washing the hand, as washing the hand can be referred to as wudu’, as previously explained. The evidence supporting this interpretation is as follows (hadith):

Hadith 57

مَا أَخْبَرَنِي بِهِ اَلشَّيْخُ أَيَّدَهُ اَللَّهُ تَعَالَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ اَلْحَسَنِ بْنِ اَلْوَلِيدِ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ اَلْحَسَنِ اَلصَّفَّارِ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى وَاَلْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ اَلْحَسَنِ بْنِ أَبَانٍ عَنِ اَلْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ عَنِ اَلْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ أَبَانِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ عَنْ عَبْدِ اَلرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ مَسَّ فَرْجَ اِمْرَأَتِهِ قَالَ« لَيْسَ عَلَيْهِ شَيْءٌ وَ إِنْ شَاءَ غَسَلَ يَدَهُ وَ اَلْقُبْلَةُ لاَ يُتَوَضَّأُ مِنْهَا».

What the Shaykh (Al-Mufid), may Allah (swt) support him, narrated to me from Ahmad bin Muhammad bin Al-Hasan bin Al-Walid, from his father, from Muhammad bin Al-Hasan Al-Saffar, from Ahmad bin Muhammad bin ‘Isa and Al-Husayn bin Al-Hasan bin Aban, from Al-Husayn bin Sa‘id, from Al-Qasim bin Muhammad, from Aban bin ‘Uthman, from Abdul-Rahman bin Abi Abdullah, from Abu Abdullah (a.s), who said: I asked Imam (a.s) about a man who touches his wife's private part. Imam (a.s) said: "There is nothing upon him, but if he wishes, he may wash his hand. As for kissing, it does not require ablution (wudu’)."

Commentary 21

ويدل على القبلة خاصة

And this specifically indicates the ruling regarding kissing.

Hadith 58

مَا أَخْبَرَنِي بِهِ اَلشَّيْخُ أَيَّدَهُ اَللَّهُ تَعَالَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ اَلْحَسَنِ بْنِ اَلْوَلِيدِ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ اَلْحَسَنِ اَلصَّفَّارِ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنِ اَلْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ عَنْ صَفْوَانَ عَنِ اِبْنِ مُسْكَانَ عَنِ اَلْحَلَبِيِّ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنِ اَلْقُبْلَةِ تَنْقُضُ اَلْوُضُوءَ قَالَ« لاَ بَأْسَ».

Narrated to me by the Shaykh (Al-Mufid), may Allah (swt) support him, from Ahmad bin Muhammad bin Al-Hasan bin Al-Walid, from his father, from Muhammad bin Al-Hasan Al-Saffar, from Ahmad bin Muhammad bin Isa, from Al-Husayn bin Sa'id, from Safwan, from Ibn Muskan, from Al-Halabi, who said: I asked Abu Abdullah (a.s) about whether a kiss invalidates ablution. Imam (a.s) said: 'There is no harm in it.'

Hadith 59

وَ بِهَذَا اَلْإِسْنَادِ عَنْ فَضَالَةَ عَنْ جَمِيلٍ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ:« لَيْسَ فِي اَلْقُبْلَةِ وَ لاَ مَسِّ اَلْفَرْجِ وَ لاَ اَلْمُلاَمَسَةِ وُضُوءٌ».

And through this chain of narration, from Fadalah, from Jamil, from Zurara, from Abu Ja'far (a.s), who said: Imam (a.s) said: 'There is no ablution required for a kiss, nor for touching the private parts, nor for physical contact.'

Hadith 60

وَ أَمَّا مَا رَوَاهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ بْنِ مُسْكَانَ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ:« مَنْ مَسَّ كَلْباً فَلْيَتَوَضَّأْ».

And as for what was narrated by Muhammad bin Ali bin Mahbub, from Ahmad bin Muhammad, from Uthman bin Isa, from Abdullah bin Muskan, from Abi Basir, from Abu Abdullah (a.s), who said: Imam (a.s) said: 'Whoever touches a dog, let him perform ablution.'"

Commentary 22

يريد به غسل اليدين حسب ما بيناه فيما تقدم يدل على ذلك

This refers to washing the hands, as we have explained earlier. This is indicated by the following (hadith):

Hadith 61

مَا أَخْبَرَنِي بِهِ اَلشَّيْخُ أَيَّدَهُ اَللَّهُ تَعَالَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ اَلْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ اَلْحَسَنِ بْنِ أَبَانٍ عَنِ اَلْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ عَنْ حَمَّادٍ عَنْ حَرِيزٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنِ اَلْكَلْبِ يُصِيبُ شَيْئاً مِنْ جَسَدِ اَلرَّجُلِ قَالَ« يَغْسِلُ اَلْمَكَانَ اَلَّذِي أَصَابَهُ».

Narrated to me by the Shaykh (Al-Mufid), may Allah (swt) support him, from Ahmad bin Muhammad, from his father, from Al-Husayn bin Al-Hasan bin Aban, from Al-Husayn bin Sa'id, from Hammad, from Hariz, from Muhammad bin Muslim, who said: I asked Abu Abdullah (a.s) about a dog that touches a part of a man's body. Imam (a.s) said: 'He should wash the place that it touched.'