Chapter on Bequests for the Mukatab and Umm Al-Walad
Man Lā Yaḥḍuruh al-Faqīh|Volume 4|Book 1|Chapter 106
Man Lā Yaḥḍuruh al-Faqīh
Volume 4, Book 1, Chapter 106
Chapter on Bequests for the Mukatab and Umm Al-Walad
3 hadiths
رَوَى عَاصِمُ بْنُ حُمَيْدٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ قَيْسٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: "قَضَى أَمِيرُ اَلْمُؤْمِنِينَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ فِي مُكَاتَبٍ كَانَتْ تَحْتَهُ اِمْرَأَةٌ حُرَّةٌ فَأَوْصَتْ لَهُ عِنْدَ مَوْتِهَا بِوَصِيَّةٍ فَقَالَ "أَهْلُ اَلْمِيرَاثِ لاَ تَجُوزُ وَصِيَّتُهَا لَهُ إِنَّهُ مُكَاتَبٌ لَمْ يُعْتَقْ" فَقَضَى عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ "أَنَّهُ يَرِثُ بِحِسَابِ مَا أُعْتِقَ مِنْهُ وَ يَجُوزُ لَهُ مِنَ اَلْوَصِيَّةِ بِحِسَابِ مَا أُعْتِقَ مِنْهُ" وَ قَضَى عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ فِي مُكَاتَبٍ أُوصِيَ لَهُ بِوَصِيَّةٍ وَ قَدْ قَضَى نِصْفَ مَا عَلَيْهِ فَأَجَازَ لَهُ نِصْفَ اَلْوَصِيَّةِ وَ قَضَى فِي مُكَاتَبٍ قَضَى رُبُعَ مَا عَلَيْهِ فَأُوصِيَ لَهُ بِوَصِيَّةٍ فَأَجَازَ لَهُ رُبُعَ اَلْوَصِيَّةِ وَ قَالَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ فِي رَجُلٍ أَوْصَى لِمُكَاتَبَتِهِ وَ قَدْ قَضَتْ سُدُسَ مَا كَانَ عَلَيْهَا فَأَجَازَ لَهَا بِحِسَابِ مَا أُعْتِقَ مِنْهَا".
Asim ibn Humayd narrated from Muhammad ibn Qays from Abu Jafar Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir عليه السلام, who said: "The Commander of the Faithful عليه السلام, peace be upon him, ruled concerning a contracted slave (mukatab) who was married to a free woman. She made a bequest for him at the time of her death. Imam عليه السلام said: 'The people entitled to inheritance cannot have her will executed for him because he is a mukatab who has not been freed.' Then Imam عليه السلام, peace be upon him, ruled that he would inherit in proportion to what had been freed of him and that the will for him would be valid in proportion to what had been freed of him." Imam عليه السلام also ruled regarding a mukatab for whom a will had been made, and he had paid half of what was due upon him, that half of the will was valid for him. Imam عليه السلام also ruled regarding a mukatab who had paid a quarter of what was due upon him and for whom a will had been made, that a quarter of the will was valid for him. Imam عليه السلام said about a man who made a will for his female mukatabah and she had paid one-sixth of what was due upon her, that the will was valid for her in proportion to what had been freed of her.
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh
وَ رَوَى اَلْحَسَنُ بْنُ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ جَمِيلِ بْنِ صَالِحٍ عَنْ أَبِي عُبَيْدَةَ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ كَانَتْ لَهُ أُمُّ وَلَدٍ وَ لَهُ مِنْهَا غُلاَمٌ فَلَمَّا حَضَرَتْهُ اَلْوَفَاةُ أَوْصَى لَهَا بِأَلْفَيْ دِرْهَمٍ أَوْ بِأَكْثَرَ لِلْوَرَثَةِ أَنْ يَسْتَرِقُّوهَا فَقَالَ "لاَ بَلْ تُعْتَقُ مِنْ ثُلُثِ اَلْمَيِّتِ وَ تُعْطَى مَا أَوْصَى لَهَا بِهِ".
Al-Hasan ibn Mahbub narrated from Jamil ibn Salih from Abu Ubaydah, who said: I asked Abu Abdullah عليه السلام, about a man who had a slave woman with whom he had a son. When death approached him, he bequeathed for her two thousand dirhams or more and instructed his heirs to enslave her. Imam عليه السلام said: "No, rather she should be freed from one-third of the deceased's estate and given what he had bequeathed for her."
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh
وَ رُوِيَ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي نَصْرٍ اَلْبَزَنْطِيِّ قَالَ: نَسَخْتُ مِنْ كِتَابٍ بِخَطِّ أَبِي اَلْحَسَنِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ فُلاَنٌ مَوْلاَكَ تُوُفِّيَ اِبْنُ أَخٍ لَهُ فَتَرَكَ أُمَّ وَلَدٍ لَهُ لَيْسَ لَهَا وَلَدٌ وَ أَوْصَى لَهَا بِأَلْفِ دِرْهَمٍ هَلْ تَجُوزُ اَلْوَصِيَّةُ وَ هَلْ يَقَعُ عَلَيْهَا عِتْقٌ وَ مَا حَالُهَا رَأْيَكَ فَدَتْكَ نَفْسِي فِي ذَلِكَ فَكَتَبَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ "تُعْتَقُ مِنَ اَلثُّلُثِ وَ لَهَا اَلْوَصِيَّةُ".
It was narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Abi Nasr Al-Bazanti, who said: I copied from a book in the handwriting of Abu Al-Hasan عليه السلام: "A certain person, your master, passed away, leaving behind a paternal nephew who also passed away. The nephew left behind an umm walad (a concubine who bore him no children) and bequeathed to her a thousand dirhams. Does the bequest hold validity, and does she receive emancipation? What is her status? May I be your ransom, I seek your opinion on this matter." Imam عليه السلام wrote back: "She is to be freed from one-third (of the estate), and she has the bequest."
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh, p. 345