Chapter on the Inheritance of Direct Offspring

Man Lā Yaḥḍuruh al-Faqīh|Volume 4|Book 1|Chapter 130

Volume 4, Book 1, Chapter 130

Chapter on the Inheritance of Direct Offspring

6 hadiths · 1 commentary

Commentary #1

إِذَا تَرَكَ الرَّجُلُ ابْناً وَ لَمْ يَتْرُكْ زَوْجَةً وَ لَا أَبَوَيْنِ فَالْمَالُ كُلُّهُ لِلِابْنِ وَ كَذَلِكَ إِنْ كَانَا اثْنَيْنِ أَوْ أَكْثَرَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ فَالْمَالُ بَيْنَهُمْ بِالسَّوِيَّةِ وَ كَذَلِكَ إِنْ تَرَكَ ابْنَةً وَ لَمْ يَتْرُكْ زَوْجاً وَ لَا أَبَوَيْنِ فَالْمَالُ كُلُّهُ لِلِابْنَةِ لِأَنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ جَعَلَ الْمَالَ لِلْوَلَدِ وَ لَمْ يُسَمِّ لِلِابْنَةِ النِّصْفَ إِلَّا مَعَ الْأَبَوَيْنِ وَ كَذَلِكَ إِنْ كَانَتَا اثْنَتَيْنِ أَوْ أَكْثَرَ فَالْمَالُ كُلُّهُ لَهُنَّ بِالسَّوِيَّةِ وَ إِنْ تَرَكَ ابْنَةً وَ ابْنَةَ ابْنٍ وَ ابْنَ ابْنٍ وَ لَمْ يَكُنْ زَوْجٌ وَ لَا أَبَوَانِ فَالْمَالُ كُلُّهُ لِلِابْنَةِ وَ لَيْسَ لِوَلَدِ الْوَلَدِ مَعَ وَلَدِ الصُّلْبِ شَيْءٌ لِأَنَّ مَنْ تَقَرَّبَ بِنَفْسِهِ كَانَ أَوْلَى وَ أَحَقَّ بِالْمَالِ مِمَّنْ تَقَرَّبَ بِغَيْرِهِ وَ مَنْ كَانَ أَقْرَبَ إِلَى الْمَيِّتِ بِبَطْنٍ كَانَ أَحَقَّ بِالْمَالِ مِمَّنْ كَانَ أَبْعَدَ بِبَطْنٍ فَإِنْ تَرَكَ ابْناً وَ ابْنَةً أَوْ بَنِينَ وَ بَنَاتٍ فَالْمَالُ كُلُّهُ لَهُمْ لِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ الْأُنْثَيَيْنِ إِذَا لَمْ يَكُنْ مَعَهُمْ زَوْجٌ وَ لَا وَالِدَانِ فَإِنْ تَرَكَ ابْنَةً وَ أَخاً وَ أُخْتاً وَ جَدّاً فَالْمَالُ كُلُّهُ لِلِابْنَةِ وَ لَا يَرِثُ مَعَ الِابْنَةِ أَحَدٌ إِلَّا الِابْنُ وَ الزَّوْجُ وَ الْوَالِدَانِ وَ كَذَلِكَ لَا يَرِثُ مَعَ الْوَلَدِ الذَّكَرِ أَحَدٌ إِلَّا الزَّوْجُ وَ الْأَبَوَانِ عَلَى مَا ذَكَرَهُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ فِي كِتَابِهِ.

If a man leaves behind a son and does not leave a wife or parents, then the entire estate belongs to the son. Similarly, if there are two or more sons, the estate is divided equally among them. If he leaves a daughter and no husband or parents, then the entire estate belongs to the daughter because Allah , the Almighty and Majestic, has allocated the estate to the offspring and specified half of the share for a daughter only in the presence of parents. Likewise, if there are two or more daughters, the estate is divided equally among them. If he leaves a daughter, a granddaughter (daughter's daughter), and a grandson (daughter's son), and there is no husband or parents, the entire estate belongs to the daughter. The grandchildren do not inherit alongside the direct offspring because those who are closer in lineage take precedence over those further away. The closer relation to the deceased is more entitled to the estate than those who are further removed. If he leaves both a son and a daughter, or multiple sons and daughters, the entire estate is divided among them with the male receiving twice the share of the female, provided there is no spouse or parents. If he leaves a daughter, a brother, a sister, and a grandfather, the entire estate belongs to the daughter. No one inherits alongside a daughter except a son, a husband, or the parents. Similarly, no one inherits alongside a male offspring except the spouse and the parents, according to what Allah , the Almighty, has mentioned in His Book.

Hadith #1

وَ رَوَى جَمِيلُ بْنُ دَرَّاجٍ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ سَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ: "وَرِثَ عَلِيٌّ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ مِنْ رَسُولِ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ عِلْمَهُ وَ وَرِثَتْ فَاطِمَةُ عَلَيْهَا اَلسَّلاَمُ تَرِكَتَهُ".

Jamil bin Darraj narrated from Zurara, who reported from Abu Jafar Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir , that he said: "Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib inherited the knowledge of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him and his family), and Sayyida Fatimah (peace be upon her) inherited his possessions."

Shaykh Baqir al-Behbudi
Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh

Hadith #2

وَ رَوَى أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي نَصْرٍ عَنِ اَلْحَسَنِ بْنِ مُوسَى اَلْحَنَّاطِ عَنِ اَلْفُضَيْلِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ يَقُولُ: "لاَ وَ اَللَّهِ مَا وَرِثَ رَسُولَ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ اَلْعَبَّاسُ وَ لاَ عَلِيٌّ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ وَ لاَ وَرِثَتْهُ إِلاَّ فَاطِمَةُ عَلَيْهَا اَلسَّلاَمُ وَ مَا كَانَ أَخَذَ عَلِيٌّ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ اَلسِّلاَحَ وَ غَيْرَهُ إِلاَّ لِأَنَّهُ قَضَى عَنْهُ دَيْنَهُ" ثُمَّ قَالَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ وَ أُولُوا اَلْأَرْحٰامِ بَعْضُهُمْ أَوْلىٰ بِبَعْضٍ فِي كِتٰابِ اَللّٰهِ

Ahmad bin Muhammad bin Abi Nasr narrated from Al-Hasan bin Musa Al-Hannat, from Al-Fudhayl bin Yasar, who said: I heard Abu Jafar Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir say: "By Allah , neither Al-Abbas nor Ali inherited from the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him and his family). None inherited from him except Sayyida Fatimah (peace be upon her). And Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib only took the weapons and other items because He had settled his (the Prophet's ) debts." Then Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir recited the verse of Allah ; "And the blood relatives are nearer to each other in the Book of Allah ." (Surah Al-Ahzab 33:6)

Shaykh Baqir al-Behbudi
Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh

Hadith #3

وَ رُوِيَ عَنِ اَلْبَزَنْطِيِّ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِأَبِي جَعْفَرٍ اَلثَّانِي عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ رَجُلٌ هَلَكَ وَ تَرَكَ اِبْنَتَهُ وَ عَمَّهُ فَقَالَ "اَلْمَالُ لِلاِبْنَةِ" قَالَ وَ قُلْتُ لَهُ رَجُلٌ مَاتَ وَ تَرَكَ اِبْنَةً لَهُ وَ أَخاً أَوْ قَالَ اِبْنَ أَخِيهِ قَالَ فَسَكَتَ طَوِيلاً ثُمَّ قَالَ "اَلْمَالُ لِلاِبْنَةِ".

It is narrated from Al-Bazanti who said: I said to Abu Ja'far Al-Thani : "May I be sacrificed for you! A man has died and left behind his daughter and his paternal uncle." Imam replied: "The entire wealth belongs to the daughter." Al-Bazanti further said: I asked Imam , "A man has died and left behind his daughter and a (his) brother", or he said, "the son of his brother." Imam remained silent for a long time and said: "The entire wealth belongs to the daughter."

Shaykh Baqir al-Behbudi
Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh

Hadith #4

وَ رَوَى عَلِيُّ بْنُ اَلْحَكَمِ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ عَنْ أَبِي اَلْحَسَنِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ جَارٍ لِي هَلَكَ وَ تَرَكَ بَنَاتٍ فَقَالَ "اَلْمَالُ لَهُنَّ".

It is narrated by Ali ibn Al-Hakam from Ali ibn Abi Hamzah from Abu Al-Hasan who said: I asked Imam about my neighbor who passed away and left behind daughters. Imam replied: "The wealth belongs to them."

Shaykh Baqir al-Behbudi
Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh

Hadith #5

وَ رَوَى اَلْحَسَنُ بْنُ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ رِئَابٍ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: فِي رَجُلٍ مَاتَ وَ تَرَكَ اِبْنَتَهُ وَ أُخْتَهُ لِأَبِيهِ وَ أُمِّهِ فَقَالَ "اَلْمَالُ لِلاِبْنَةِ وَ لَيْسَ لِلْأُخْتِ مِنَ اَلْأَبِ وَ اَلْأُمِّ شَيْءٌ".

It is narrated by Al-Hasan ibn Mahbub from Ali ibn Ri'ab from Zurara from Abu Jafar Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir regarding a man who passed away and left behind his daughter and his full sister (sister from his father and mother). Imam said: "The wealth belongs to the daughter, and the full sister has no share in it."

Shaykh Baqir al-Behbudi
Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh, p. 359

Hadith #6

وَ كَتَبَ اَلْبَزَنْطِيُّ إِلَى أَبِي اَلْحَسَنِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: فِي رَجُلٍ مَاتَ وَ تَرَكَ اِبْنَتَهُ وَ أَخَاهُ قَالَ "اِدْفَعِ اَلْمَالَ إِلَى اَلاِبْنَةِ إِنْ لَمْ تَخَفْ مِنْ عَمِّهَا شَيْئاً".

Al-Bazanti wrote to Abu Al-Hasan regarding a man who passed away and left behind his daughter and his brother. Imam replied: "Give the wealth to the daughter if you do not fear anything from her uncle."

Shaykh Baqir al-Behbudi
Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh