Chapter on the Inheritance of the Fetus, the Newborn, and the Stillborn
Man Lā Yaḥḍuruh al-Faqīh|Volume 4|Book 1|Chapter 152
Man Lā Yaḥḍuruh al-Faqīh
Volume 4, Book 1, Chapter 152
Chapter on the Inheritance of the Fetus, the Newborn, and the Stillborn
2 hadiths
رَوَى حَرِيزٌ عَنِ اَلْفُضَيْلِ قَالَ: سَأَلَ اَلْحَكَمُ بْنُ عُتَيْبَةَ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنِ اَلصَّبِيِّ يَسْقُطُ مِنْ أُمِّهِ غَيْرَ مُسْتَهِلٍّ أَ يُوَرَّثُ فَأَعْرَضَ عَنْهُ فَأَعَادَ عَلَيْهِ فَقَالَ "إِذَا تَحَرَّكَ تَحَرُّكاً بَيِّناً وُرِّثَ فَإِنَّهُ رُبَّمَا كَانَ أَخْرَسَ".
Hariz narrated from Al-Fudayl who said: Al-Hakam ibn Utaibah asked Abu Jafar Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir عليه السلام about a child who is born from his mother without letting out a cry - does he inherit? Imam عليه السلام turned away from him. When he repeated the question, Imam عليه السلام said: "If the child moves with clear movement, he inherits, for it is possible that he may be mute."
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh
وَ رَوَى اَلْحَسَنُ بْنُ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ سَوَّارٍ عَنِ اَلْحَسَنِ قَالَ: إِنَّ عَلِيّاً عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ لَمَّا هَزَمَ طَلْحَةَ وَ اَلزُّبَيْرَ أَقْبَلَ اَلنَّاسُ مُنْهَزِمِينَ فَمَرُّوا بِامْرَأَةٍ حَامِلٍ عَلَى ظَهْرِ اَلطَّرِيقِ فَفَزِعَتْ مِنْهُمْ فَطَرَحَتْ مَا فِي بَطْنِهَا حَيّاً فَاضْطَرَبَ حَتَّى مَاتَ ثُمَّ مَاتَتِ اَلْمَرْأَةُ مِنْ بَعْدِهِ قَالَ فَمَرَّ بِهَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ وَ أَصْحَابُهُ وَ هِيَ مَطْرُوحَةٌ وَ وَلَدُهَا عَلَى اَلطَّرِيقِ قَالَ فَسَأَلَهُمْ عَنْ أَمْرِهَا فَقَالُوا لَهُ إِنَّهَا كَانَتْ حَامِلاً فَفَزِعَتْ حِينَ رَأَتِ اَلْقِتَالَ وَ اَلْهَزِيمَةَ فَسَأَلَهُمْ "أَيُّهُمَا مَاتَ قَبْلَ صَاحِبِهِ" فَقَالُوا إِنَّ اِبْنَهَا مَاتَ قَبْلَهَا قَالَ فَدَعَا زَوْجَهَا أَبَا اَلْغُلاَمِ اَلْمَيِّتِ فَوَرَّثَهُ مِنِ اِبْنِهِ ثُلُثَيِ اَلدِّيَةِ وَ وَرَّثَ أُمَّهُ اَلْمَيِّتَةَ ثُلُثَ اَلدِّيَةِ قَالَ ثُمَّ وَرَّثَ اَلزَّوْجَ مِنِ اِمْرَأَتِهِ اَلْمَيِّتَةِ نِصْفَ اَلدِّيَةِ اَلَّتِي وَرِثَتْهَا مِنِ اِبْنِهَا اَلْمَيِّتِ وَ وَرَّثَ قَرَابَةَ اَلْمَيِّتَةِ اَلْبَاقِيَ قَالَ ثُمَّ وَرَّثَ اَلزَّوْجَ أَيْضاً مِنْ دِيَةِ اَلْمَرْأَةِ اَلْمَيِّتَةِ نِصْفَ اَلدِّيَةِ وَ هُوَ أَلْفَانِ وَ خَمْسُمِائَةِ دِرْهَمٍ وَ ذَلِكَ أَنَّهُ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهَا وَلَدٌ غَيْرُ اَلَّذِي رَمَتْ بِهِ حِينَ فَزِعَتْ وَ وَرَّثَ قَرَابَةَ اَلْمَيِّتِ اَلْبَاقِيَ قَالَ فَوَدَى ذَلِكَ كُلَّهُ مِنْ بَيْتِ مَالِ اَلْبَصْرَةِ.
Al-Hasan ibn Mahbub narrated from Hammad ibn Isa, from Sawwar, from Al-Hasan, who said: 'When Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib عليه السلام defeated Talhah and Al-Zubayr, the people fled in retreat. As they were fleeing, they passed by a pregnant woman on the roadside. She was frightened by them and miscarried her child, who was born alive but convulsed until he died. The woman herself also passed away shortly after. Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib عليه السلام and his companions passed by her as she lay there with her child on the road. Imam عليه السلام asked them about her situation, and they told him that she was pregnant and had been terrified when she saw the battle and the retreat. Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib عليه السلام asked them: "Which of the two died first?" They replied: "Her child died before her." Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib عليه السلام then summoned her husband, the father of the deceased child, and allotted him two-thirds of the blood money (diyyah) for his son and gave the mother of the deceased child one-third of the diyyah. Then, he granted the husband half of the diyyah that his wife had inherited from their deceased son, and the remaining portion was given to the relatives of the deceased woman. Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib عليه السلام also allotted the husband half of the diyyah for his deceased wife, amounting to two thousand five hundred dirhams, because she had no child other than the one she miscarried due to her fright. The remaining portion of the diyyah was given to the relatives of the deceased woman. Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib عليه السلام ordered that all of this compensation be paid from the treasury of Basra.
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh