Chapter on the Legal Punishment of Slaves in Adultery
Man Lā Yaḥḍuruh al-Faqīh|Volume 4|Book 1|Chapter 7
Man Lā Yaḥḍuruh al-Faqīh
Volume 4, Book 1, Chapter 7
Chapter on the Legal Punishment of Slaves in Adultery
9 hadiths
رَوَى إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ هَاشِمٍ عَنِ اَلْأَصْبَغِ بْنِ اَلْأَصْبَغِ قَالَ حَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ اَلْمِصْرِيُّ عَنْ مَرْوَانَ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ عُبَيْدِ بْنِ زُرَارَةَ أَوْ عَنْ بُرَيْدٍ اَلْعِجْلِيِّ اَلشَّكُّ مِنْ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَبْدٌ زَنَى فَقَالَ "يُجْلَدُ نِصْفَ اَلْحَدِّ" قُلْتُ فَإِنَّهُ عَادَ قَالَ "فَيُضْرَبُ مِثْلَ ذَلِكَ" قَالَ قُلْتُ فَإِنَّهُ عَادَ قَالَ "لاَ يُزَادُ عَلَى نِصْفِ اَلْحَدِّ" قَالَ قُلْتُ فَهَلْ يَجِبُ عَلَيْهِ اَلرَّجْمُ فِي شَيْءٍ مِنْ فِعْلِهِ قَالَ "نَعَمْ يُقْتَلُ فِي اَلثَّامِنَةِ إِنْ فَعَلَ ذَلِكَ ثَمَانَ مَرَّاتٍ" قَالَ قُلْتُ فَمَا اَلْفَرْقُ بَيْنَهُ وَ بَيْنَ اَلْحُرِّ وَ إِنَّمَا فِعْلُهُمَا وَاحِدٌ قَالَ "إِنَّ اَللَّهَ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى رَحِمَهُ أَنْ يَجْمَعَ عَلَيْهِ رِبْقَ اَلرِّقِّ وَ حَدَّ اَلْحُرِّ" قَالَ ثُمَّ قَالَ "وَ عَلَى إِمَامِ اَلْمُسْلِمِينَ أَنْ يَدْفَعَ ثَمَنَهُ إِلَى مَوْلاَهُ مِنْ سَهْمِ اَلرِّقَابِ".
Ibrahim bin Hashim narrated from Al-Asbagh bin Al-Asbagh. He said: Muhammad bin Sulayman Al-Misri narrated to me from Marwan bin Muslim from Ubayd bin Zurarah or from Burayd Al-Ijli (the doubt is from Muhammad), who said: I asked Abu Abdullah عليه السلام about a slave who commits adultery. Imam عليه السلام said: "He is to be lashed half the prescribed punishment." I asked: "What if he does it again?" Imam عليه السلام replied: "He is to be lashed the same amount." I asked: "What if he repeats it again?" Imam عليه السلام said: "He is not to be given more than half the prescribed punishment." I asked: "Is he ever liable for stoning due to any of his actions?" Imam عليه السلام replied: "Yes, he is to be killed on the eighth offense if he does it eight times." I asked: "What is the difference between him and a free man when their actions are the same?" Imam عليه السلام said: "Allah سبحانه وتعالى, the Blessed and Exalted, had mercy on him by not combining the burden of slavery and the punishment of a free man upon him." Then Imam عليه السلام said: "It is obligatory upon the leader of the Muslims to pay his price to his master from the zakat share allocated for freeing slaves."
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh
وَ رَوَى اَلْحَسَنُ بْنُ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنِ اَلْحَارِثِ بْنِ اَلْأَحْوَلِ عَنْ بُرَيْدٍ اَلْعِجْلِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: فِي أَمَةٍ تَزْنِي قَالَ "تُجْلَدُ نِصْفَ اَلْحَدِّ كَانَ لَهَا زَوْجٌ أَوْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهَا زَوْجٌ ".
Al-Hasan ibn Mahbub narrated from Al-Harith ibn Al-Ahwal from Burayd Al-ʿIjli from Abu Jafar Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir عليه السلام regarding a slave woman who commits adultery. Imam عليه السلام said: "She is to be lashed half the prescribed punishment, whether she has a husband or does not have a husband."
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh, p. 310
وَ رَوَى اِبْنُ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ رِئَابٍ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: "أُمُّ اَلْوَلَدِ حَدُّهَا حَدُّ اَلْأَمَةِ إِذَا لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهَا وَلَدٌ".
Ibn Mahbub narrated from Ali ibn Riʾab from Zurarah from Abu Jafar Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir عليه السلام who said: "The prescribed punishment for Umm Al-Walad (a slave woman who has borne a child for her master) is the same as that of a slave woman if she has not borne a child."
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh, p. 311
وَ رَوَى اِبْنُ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ نُعَيْمِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ مِسْمَعٍ أَبِي سَيَّارٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: "أُمُّ اَلْوَلَدِ جِنَايَتُهَا فِي حُقُوقِ اَلنَّاسِ عَلَى سَيِّدِهَا" قَالَ "وَ مَا كَانَ مِنْ حَقِّ اَللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ فِي اَلْحُدُودِ فَإِنَّ ذَلِكَ فِي بَدَنِهَا" وَ قَالَ "يُقَاصُّ مِنْهَا لِلْمَمَالِيكِ وَ لاَ قِصَاصَ بَيْنَ اَلْحُرِّ وَ اَلْعَبْدِ".
Ibn Mahbub narrated from Nuaym ibn Ibrahim from Mismaʿ Abu Sayyar from Abu Abdullah عليه السلام who said: "The liability of umm Al-walad (a slave woman who has borne a child to her master) concerning the rights of people is upon her master." Imam عليه السلام also said: "As for the rights of Allah سبحانه وتعالى, the Exalted, regarding prescribed punishments, that is upon her own body." Furthermore, Imam عليه السلام said: "Retribution (qiṣaṣ) applies between her and other slaves, but there is no retribution between a free person and a slave."
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh, p. 311
وَ رَوَى اِبْنُ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ بْنِ بُكَيْرٍ عَنْ عَنْبَسَةَ بْنِ مُصْعَبٍ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ إِنْ زَنَتْ جَارِيَةٌ لِي أَحُدُّهَا قَالَ "نَعَمْ وَ لْيَكُنْ ذَلِكَ فِي سِرٍّ فَإِنِّي أَخَافُ عَلَيْكَ اَلسُّلْطَانَ".
Ibn Mahbub narrated from Abdullah ibn Bukayr from Anbasah ibn MuṣAb who said: I asked Abu Abdullah عليه السلام, "If my bondwoman commits adultery, should I administer the prescribed punishment on her?" Imam عليه السلام replied: "Yes, but let it be done in secrecy, for I fear the ruler's authority upon you."
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh
وَ رَوَى إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ هَاشِمٍ عَنْ صَالِحِ بْنِ اَلسِّنْدِيِّ عَنِ اَلْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ عَنِ اَلرِّضَا عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: أَنَّهُ سُئِلَ عَنْ رَجُلٍ كَانَتْ لَهُ أَمَةٌ فَقَالَتِ اَلْأَمَةُ لَهُ مَا أَدَّيْتُ مِنْ مُكَاتَبَتِي فَأَنَا بِهِ حُرَّةٌ عَلَى حِسَابِ ذَلِكَ فَقَالَ لَهَا نَعَمْ فَأَدَّتْ بَعْضَ مُكَاتَبَتِهَا وَ جَامَعَهَا مَوْلاَهَا بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ قَالَ "إِنِ اِسْتَكْرَهَهَا عَلَى ذَلِكَ ضُرِبَ مِنَ اَلْحَدِّ بِقَدْرِ مَا أَدَّتْ مِنْ مُكَاتَبَتِهَا وَ دُرِئَ عَنْهُ مِنَ اَلْحَدِّ بِقَدْرِ مَا بَقِيَ لَهُ مِنْ مُكَاتَبَتِهَا وَ إِنْ كَانَتْ تَابَعَتْهُ كَانَتْ شَرِيكَتَهُ فِي اَلْحَدِّ ضُرِبَتْ مِثْلَ مَا يُضْرَبُ".
Ibrahim ibn Hashim narrated from Ṣalih ibn Al-Sindi from Al-Husayn ibn Khalid who reported from Imam Ali ibn Musa Ar-Ridha عليه السلام: Imam عليه السلام was asked about a man who had a slave woman. The slave woman said to him, "I have paid part of my emancipation contract, so I am free according to that portion." He replied: "Yes." After she had paid part of her contract, her master had intercourse with her. The Imam عليه السلام said: "If he forced her into that act, he will be punished in proportion to what she had paid of her contract, and the punishment will be waived for him in proportion to what remained of her contract. However, if she willingly participated with him, she will share the punishment equally with him and will be lashed the same amount."
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh, p. 311
وَ سُئِلَ اَلصَّادِقُ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: عَنْ رَجُلٍ أَصَابَ جَارِيَةً مِنَ اَلْفَيْءِ فَوَطِئَهَا قَبْلَ أَنْ يُقْسَمَ قَالَ "تُقَوَّمُ اَلْجَارِيَةُ وَ تُدْفَعُ إِلَيْهِ بِالْقِيمَةِ وَ يُحَطُّ لَهُ مِنْهَا مَا يُصِيبُهُ مِنْهَا مِنَ اَلْفَيْءِ وَ يُجْلَدُ اَلْحَدَّ وَ يُدْرَأُ عَنْهُ مِنَ اَلْحَدِّ بِقَدْرِ مَا كَانَ لَهُ فِيهَا" فَقِيلَ فَكَيْفَ صَارَتِ اَلْجَارِيَةُ تُدْفَعُ إِلَيْهِ بِالْقِيمَةِ دُونَ غَيْرِهَا قَالَ "لِأَنَّهُ وَطِئَهَا وَ لاَ يُؤْمَنُ أَنْ يَكُونَ ثَمَّ حَمْلٌ".
Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq عليه السلام was asked about a man who took possession of a slave woman from the spoils of war (Al-fay') and had intercourse with her before the division of the spoils. Imam عليه السلام said: "The slave woman should be appraised and handed over to him for her value, and his share from the spoils should be deducted from that amount. He should be lashed according to the imposed punishment, and punishment will be reduced in proportion to his share in her." It was then asked: "Why is the slave woman handed over to him for her value instead of to someone else?" Imam عليه السلام said: "Because he had intercourse with her, and it is feared that she might be pregnant."
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh
وَ رَوَى سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: فِي عَبْدٍ بَيْنَ رَجُلَيْنِ أَعْتَقَ أَحَدُهُمَا نَصِيبَهُ ثُمَّ إِنَّ اَلْعَبْدَ أَتَى حَدّاً مِنْ حُدُودِ اَللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ قَالَ "إِنْ كَانَ اَلْعَبْدُ حَيْثُ أُعْتِقَ نِصْفُهُ قُوِّمَ لِيُغَرَّمَ اَلَّذِي أَعْتَقَهُ نِصْفَ قِيمَتِهِ فَنِصْفُهُ حُرٌّ يُضْرَبُ نِصْفَ حَدِّ اَلْحُرِّ وَ يُضْرَبُ نِصْفَ حَدِّ اَلْعَبْدِ وَ إِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ قُوِّمَ فَهُوَ عَبْدٌ يُضْرَبُ حَدَّ اَلْعَبْدِ".
Sulayman bin Khalid narrated from Abu Abdullah, Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq عليه السلام was asked about a slave jointly owned by two men, where one of them freed his share. Later, the slave committed an offense that warranted one of Allah's سبحانه وتعالى prescribed punishments. The Imam عليه السلام said: "If, at the time half of him was freed, he was appraised so that the one who freed him could pay half of his value to the other partner, then half of him is free, and he should receive half the punishment prescribed for a free person and half the punishment prescribed for a slave. However, if he was not appraised, then he remains a slave and should receive the full punishment prescribed for a slave."
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh
وَ رَوَى عَبَّادُ بْنُ كَثِيرٍ اَلْبَصْرِيُّ عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: "فِي اَلْمُكَاتَبَيْنِ إِذَا فَجَرَا يُضْرَبَانِ مِنَ اَلْحَدِّ بِقَدْرِ مَا أَدَّيَا مِنْ مُكَاتَبَتِهِمَا حَدَّ اَلْحُرِّ وَ يُضْرَبَانِ اَلْبَاقِيَ حَدَّ اَلْمَمْلُوكِ".
Abbad bin Kathir Al-Basri narrated from Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq عليه السلام, who said: "For mukatab slaves (contracted for emancipation), if they commit fornication, they are to be lashed in proportion to what they have paid towards their emancipation with the punishment of a free person, and for the remaining portion, they are lashed with the punishment of a slave."
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh, p. 311