The Reason for Which the One Praying Does Not Shorten the Maghrib Prayer and Its Voluntary Prayers During Travel and Residence
Man Lā Yaḥḍuruh al-Faqīh|Volume 1|Book 1|Chapter 60
Man Lā Yaḥḍuruh al-Faqīh
Book 1, Chapter 60
The Reason for Which the One Praying Does Not Shorten the Maghrib Prayer and Its Voluntary Prayers During Travel and Residence
1 hadith
سُئِلَ اَلصَّادِقُ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: لِمَ صَارَتِ اَلْمَغْرِبُ ثَلاَثَ رَكَعَاتٍ وَ أَرْبَعاً بَعْدَهَا لَيْسَ فِيهَا تَقْصِيرٌ فِي حَضَرٍ وَ لاَ سَفَرٍ فَقَالَ «إِنَّ اَللَّهَ تَبَارَكَ وتَعَالَى أَنْزَلَ عَلَى نَبِيِّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ كُلَّ صَلاَةٍ رَكْعَتَيْنِ فَأَضَافَ إِلَيْهَا رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ لِكُلِّ صَلاَةٍ رَكْعَتَيْنِ فِي اَلْحَضَرِ وَ قَصَّرَ فِيهَا فِي اَلسَّفَرِ إِلاَّ اَلْمَغْرِبَ وَ اَلْغَدَاةَ فَلَمَّا صَلَّى صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ اَلْمَغْرِبَ بَلَغَهُ مَوْلِدُ فَاطِمَةَ عَلَيْهَا اَلسَّلاَمُ فَأَضَافَ إِلَيْهَا رَكْعَةً شُكْراً لِلَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ فَلَمَّا أَنْ وُلِدَ اَلْحَسَنُ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ أَضَافَ إِلَيْهَا رَكْعَتَيْنِ شُكْراً لِلَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ فَلَمَّا أَنْ وُلِدَ اَلْحُسَيْنُ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ أَضَافَ إِلَيْهَا رَكْعَتَيْنِ شُكْراً لِلَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ فَقَالَ « «لِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ اَلْأُنْثَيَيْنِ» » فَتَرَكَهَا عَلَى حَالِهَا فِي اَلْحَضَرِ وَ اَلسَّفَرِ.
Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq عليه السلام was asked: "Why is the Maghrib prayer three rak'ahs with an additional four rak'ahs (supererogatory) afterward, and why is there no shortening of it during residence or travel?" Imam عليه السلام said: "Indeed, Allah سبحانه وتعالى, Blessed and Exalted, revealed to His Prophet صلى الله عليه وعلى آله وسلم every prayer as two rak'ahs. The Messenger of Allah صلى الله عليه وعلى آله وسلم added two rak'ahs to each prayer in residence and shortened them during travel, except for the Maghrib and Fajr (morning) prayers. When the Prophet صلى الله عليه وعلى آله وسلم performed the Maghrib prayer, he was informed of the birth of Sayyida Fatimah Al-Zahra صلى الله عليه وعلى آله وسلم, so he added a rak'ah out of gratitude to Allah سبحانه وتعالى, Mighty and Majestic. When Hasan عليه السلام was born, he added two more rak'ahs out of gratitude to Allah سبحانه وتعالى, and when Hussain عليه السلام was born, he added two more rak'ahs out of gratitude to Allah سبحانه وتعالى. He then said: 'For a male, the share is twice that of a female,' and thus he left the prayer in its current form during residence and travel."
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh