Man Lā Yaḥḍuruh al-Faqīh

قَالَ اَلصَّادِقُ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: «كُلُّ مَا فَاتَكَ بِاللَّيْلِ فَاقْضِهِ بِالنَّهَارِ قَالَ اَللَّهُ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى: «وَ هُوَ اَلَّذِي جَعَلَ اَللَّيْلَ وَ اَلنَّهٰارَ خِلْفَةً لِمَنْ أَرٰادَ أَنْ يَذَّكَّرَ أَوْ أَرٰادَ شُكُوراً » »

Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (a.s) said: "Whatever you miss during the night, make it up during the day, as Allah (swt) the Exalted said: 'And it is He who made the night and the day in succession for whoever desires to remember or desires gratitude.'”.

يعنى أن يقضى الرجل ما فاته بالليل بالنهار، وما فاته بالنهار بالليل. واقض ما فاتك من صلاة الليل أي وقت شئت من ليل أو نهار ما لم يكن وقت فريضة وإن فاتتك فريضة فصلها إذا ذكرت فان ذكرتها وأنت في وقت فريضة أخرى فصل التي أنت في وقتها ثم صل الصلاة الفائتة.

This means that a person should make up what he missed at night during the day and what he missed during the day during the night. Make up what you missed of the Night Prayer at any time, whether day or night, as long as it is not during the time of an obligatory prayer. If you have missed an obligatory prayer, perform it whenever you remember. However, if you recall it during the time of another obligatory prayer, perform the prayer for the current time first, and then perform the missed prayer.

وَقَالَ اَلصَّادِقُ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: «قَضَاءُ صَلاَةِ اَللَّيْلِ بَعْدَ اَلْغَدَاةِ وَ بَعْدَ اَلْعَصْرِ مِنْ سِرِّ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ اَلْمَخْزُونِ.

Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (a.s) said: "Making up the Night Prayer after the Morning Prayer and after the Afternoon Prayer is among the hidden secrets of the Family of Muhammad."

وقد روي نهى عن الصلاة عند طلوع الشمس وعند غروبها لان الشمس تطلع بين قرني شيطان وتغرب بين قرني شيطان إلا أنه روي لي جماعة من مشائخنا عن

Additionally, it has been narrated that there is a prohibition on performing prayers at the time of sunrise and sunset because the sun rises and sets between the horns of Shaytan (Satan). However, a group of our elders narrated (In the next Hadith)

عَنْ أَبِي اَلْحُسَيْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ اَلْأَسَدِيِّ رَضِيَ اَللَّهُ عَنْهُ أَنَّهُ وَرَدَ عَلَيْهِ فِيمَا وَرَدَ مِنْ جَوَابِ مَسَائِلِهِ مِنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ اَلْعَمْرِيِّ قَدَّسَ اَللَّهُ رُوحَهُ: «وَ أَمَّا مَا سَأَلْتَ عَنْهُ مِنَ اَلصَّلاَةِ عِنْدَ طُلُوعِ اَلشَّمْسِ وَ عِنْدَ غُرُوبِهَا فَلَئِنْ كَانَ كَمَا يَقُولُ اَلنَّاسُ إِنَّ اَلشَّمْسَ تَطْلُعُ بَيْنَ قَرْنَيْ شَيْطَانٍ وَ تَغْرُبُ بَيْنَ قَرْنَيْ شَيْطَانٍ فَمَا أُرْغِمَ أَنْفُ اَلشَّيْطَانِ بِشَيْءٍ أَفْضَلَ مِنَ اَلصَّلاَةِ فَصَلِّهَا وَ أَرْغِمْ أَنْفَ اَلشَّيْطَانِ.

From Abu al-Hussain Muhammad ibn Ja'far al-Asadi, it is narrated that in response to his questions, Muhammad ibn Uthman al-Amri (may Allah (swt) sanctify his soul) conveyed: "As for what you asked regarding prayer at the time of sunrise and sunset, if it is as people say that the sun rises and sets between the horns of Shaytan (Satan), then what better way to humiliate Shaytan than through prayer? So, pray during these times and humiliate Shaytan”.

وَقَالَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ: «إِنَّ اَللَّهَ تَبَارَكَ وتَعَالَى لَيُبَاهِي مَلاَئِكَتَهُ بِالْعَبْدِ يَقْضِي صَلاَةَ اَللَّيْلِ بِالنَّهَارِ فَيَقُولُ «يَا مَلاَئِكَتِي اُنْظُرُوا إِلَى عَبْدِي يَقْضِي مَا لَمْ أَفْتَرِضْهُ عَلَيْهِ أُشْهِدُكُمْ أَنِّي قَدْ غَفَرْتُ لَهُ».

The Messenger of Allah (saws) said: "Indeed, Allah (swt), Blessed and Exalted, takes pride in His angels with the servant who makes up the missed prayers of the night during the day. He says, 'O’ My angels, look at My servant who is fulfilling what I did not obligate upon him. I make you witness that I have forgiven him.'"

وَ رَوَى بُرَيْدُ بْنُ مُعَاوِيَةَ اَلْعِجْلِيُّ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «أَفْضَلُ قَضَاءِ صَلاَةِ اَللَّيْلِ فِي اَلسَّاعَةِ اَلَّتِي فَاتَتْكَ آخِرِ اَللَّيْلِ وَ لَيْسَ بَأْسٌ أَنْ تَقْضِيَهَا بِالنَّهَارِ وَ قَبْلَ أَنْ تَزُولَ اَلشَّمْسُ.

Burayd ibn Mu'awiyah al-'Ijli narrated from Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (a.s) that He said: "The best time to make up the missed night prayers is at the same hour during the following night when it was missed. However, it is permissible to make them up during the day, even before the sun's decline (before noon)."

وَ رُوِيَ عَنْ مُرَازِمِ بْنِ حَكِيمٍ اَلْأَزْدِيِّ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: كُنْتُ مَرِضْتُ أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ لَمْ أُصَلِّ نَافِلَةً فِيهَا فَقُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ إِنِّي مَرِضْتُ أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ لَمْ أُصَلِّ نَافِلَةً فَقَالَ «لَيْسَ عَلَيْكَ قَضَاءٌ إِنَّ اَلْمَرِيضَ لَيْسَ كَالصَّحِيحِ كُلُّ مَا غَلَبَ اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ فَاللَّهُ أَوْلَى بِالْعُذْرِ فِيهِ.

Murazim ibn Hakim al-Azdi narrated that He said: "I was ill for four months and did not perform any of the supererogatory (nafilah) prayers during that time. I mentioned this to Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (a.s) Imam (a.s) said: 'There is no obligation on you to make them up; indeed, the condition of the sick is not like that of the healthy. Whatever overwhelms you, Allah (swt) is more deserving of offering an excuse for it.'".

وَ رَوَى مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لَهُ رَجُلٌ مَرِضَ فَتَرَكَ اَلنَّافِلَةَ فَقَالَ «يَا مُحَمَّدُ لَيْسَتْ بِفَرِيضَةٍ إِنْ قَضَاهَا فَهُوَ خَيْرٌ يَفْعَلُهُ وَ إِنْ لَمْ يَفْعَلْ فَلاَ شَيْءَ عَلَيْهِ.

Muhammad ibn Muslim narrates that Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (a.s) said: "I asked him about a man who became ill and thus did not perform the supererogatory (nafilah) prayers. Imam (a.s) said: 'O’ Muhammad, they are not obligatory. If he makes them up, it is a good deed he performs, and if he does not, there is no obligation upon him.'"

وَ سَأَلَهُ سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ: عَنْ قَضَاءِ اَلْوَتْرِ بَعْدَ اَلظُّهْرِ فَقَالَ «اِقْضِهِ وَتْراً أَبَداً كَمَا فَاتَكَ.

Sulaiman ibn Khalid asked Imam (a.s) about making up the Witr prayer after midday. Imam (a.s) said: "Make it up as a single (Witr) always, just as it was missed."

وَ سَأَلَهُ حَمَّادُ بْنُ عُثْمَانَ فَقَالَ لَهُ: أُصْبِحُ عَنِ اَلْوَتْرِ إِلَى اَللَّيْلِ فَكَيْفَ أَقْضِي فَقَالَ «مِثْلاً بِمِثْلٍ.

Hammad ibn Uthman asked Imam (a.s) and said: "I wake up after missing the Witr until the night. How do I make it up?" Imam (a.s) said: "Like for like."

وَ رَوَى عَنْهُ حَرِيزٌ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «كَانَ أَبِي عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ رُبَّمَا قَضَى عِشْرِينَ وَتْراً فِي لَيْلَةٍ.

Hariz narrated that Imam (a.s) said, "My father (Imam (a.s)) would sometimes make up twenty Witr prayers in a single night."

وَ سَأَلَ عَبْدُ اَللَّهِ بْنُ اَلْمُغِيرَةِ أَبَا إِبْرَاهِيمَ مُوسَى بْنَ جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِمَا اَلسَّلاَمُ: عَنِ اَلرَّجُلِ يَفُوتُهُ اَلْوَتْرُ فَقَالَ «يَقْضِيهِ وَتْراً أَبَداً.

Abdullah ibn al-Mughirah asked Abu Ibrahim Imam Musa ibn Jafar Al-Kadhim (a.s) about a man who misses the Witr prayer. Imam (a.s) said: "He should make it up as a single Witr always."