Chapter on the Beginning of Marriage and Its Origin
Man Lā Yaḥḍuruh al-Faqīh|Volume 3|Book 3|Chapter 1
Man Lā Yaḥḍuruh al-Faqīh
Volume 3, Book 3, Chapter 1
Chapter on the Beginning of Marriage and Its Origin
3 hadiths · 1 commentary
رُوِيَ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ بْنِ أَعْيَنَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: سُئِلَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنْ خَلْقِ حَوَّاءَ وَ قِيلَ لَهُ إِنَّ أُنَاساً عِنْدَنَا يَقُولُونَ، إِنَّ اَللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ خَلَقَ حَوَّاءَ مِنْ ضِلْعِ آدَمَ اَلْأَيْسَرِ اَلْأَقْصَى فَقَالَ "سُبْحَانَ اَللَّهِ وَ تَعَالَى عَنْ ذَلِكَ عُلُوّاً كَبِيراً أَ يَقُولُ مَنْ يَقُولُ هَذَا إِنَّ اَللَّهَ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ مِنَ اَلْقُدْرَةِ مَا يَخْلُقُ لآِدَمَ زَوْجَةً مِنْ غَيْرِ ضِلْعِهِ وَ يَجْعَلُ لِلْمُتَكَلِّمِ مِنْ أَهْلِ اَلتَّشْنِيعِ سَبِيلاً إِلَى اَلْكَلاَمِ أَنْ يَقُولَ إِنَّ آدَمَ كَانَ يَنْكِحُ بَعْضُهُ بَعْضاً إِذَا كَانَتْ مِنْ ضِلْعِهِ مَا لِهَؤُلاَءِ حَكَمَ اَللَّهُ بَيْنَنَا وَ بَيْنَهُمْ" ثُمَّ قَالَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ "إِنَّ اَللَّهَ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى لَمَّا خَلَقَ آدَمَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ مِنْ طِينٍ وَ أَمَرَ اَلْمَلاَئِكَةَ فَسَجَدُوا لَهُ أَلْقَى عَلَيْهِ اَلسُّبَاتَ ثُمَّ اِبْتَدَعَ لَهُ حَوَّاءَ فَجَعَلَهَا فِي مَوْضِعِ اَلنُّقْرَةِ اَلَّتِي بَيْنَ وَرِكَيْهِ وَ ذَلِكَ لِكَيْ تَكُونَ اَلْمَرْأَةُ تَبَعاً لِلرَّجُلِ فَأَقْبَلَتْ تَتَحَرَّكُ فَانْتَبَهَ لِتَحَرُّكِهَا فَلَمَّا اِنْتَبَهَ نُودِيَتْ أَنْ تَنَحَّيْ عَنْهُ فَلَمَّا نَظَرَ إِلَيْهَا نَظَرَ إِلَى خَلْقٍ حَسَنٍ يُشْبِهُ صُورَتَهُ غَيْرَ أَنَّهَا أُنْثَى فَكَلَّمَهَا فَكَلَّمَتْهُ بِلُغَتِهِ فَقَالَ لَهَا مَنْ أَنْتِ قَالَتْ خَلْقٌ خَلَقَنِي اَللَّهُ كَمَا تَرَى فَقَالَ آدَمُ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عِنْدَ ذَلِكَ يَا رَبِّ مَا هَذَا اَلْخَلْقُ اَلْحَسَنُ اَلَّذِي قَدْ آنَسَنِي قُرْبُهُ وَ اَلنَّظَرُ إِلَيْهِ فَقَالَ اَللَّهُ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى "يَا آدَمُ هَذِهِ أَمَتِي حَوَّاءُ أَ فَتُحِبُّ أَنْ تَكُونَ مَعَكَ تُؤْنِسُكَ وَ تُحَدِّثُكَ وَ تَكُونَ تَبَعاً لِأَمْرِكَ" فَقَالَ نَعَمْ يَا رَبِّ وَ لَكَ عَلَيَّ بِذَلِكَ اَلْحَمْدُ وَ اَلشُّكْرُ مَا بَقِيتُ فَقَالَ اَللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ "فَاخْطُبْهَا إِلَيَّ فَإِنَّهَا أَمَتِي وَ قَدْ تَصْلُحُ لَكَ أَيْضاً زَوْجَةً لِلشَّهْوَةِ" وَ أَلْقَى اَللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ عَلَيْهِ اَلشَّهْوَةَ وَ قَدْ عَلَّمَهُ قَبْلَ ذَلِكَ اَلْمَعْرِفَةَ بِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ فَقَالَ يَا رَبِّ فَإِنِّي أَخْطُبُهَا إِلَيْكَ فَمَا رِضَاكَ لِذَلِكَ فَقَالَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ "رِضَايَ أَنْ تُعَلِّمَهَا مَعَالِمَ دِينِي" فَقَالَ ذَلِكَ لَكَ يَا رَبِّ عَلَيَّ إِنْ شِئْتَ ذَلِكَ لِي فَقَالَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ "وَ قَدْ شِئْتُ ذَلِكَ وَ قَدْ زَوَّجْتُكَهَا فَضُمَّهَا إِلَيْكَ" فَقَالَ لَهَا آدَمُ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ إِلَيَّ فَأَقْبِلِي فَقَالَتْ لَهُ بَلْ أَنْتَ فَأَقْبِلْ إِلَيَّ فَأَمَرَ اَللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ آدَمَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ أَنْ يَقُومَ إِلَيْهَا وَ لَوْ لاَ ذَلِكَ لَكَانَ اَلنِّسَاءُ هُنَّ يَذْهَبْنَ إِلَى اَلرِّجَالِ حَتَّى يَخْطُبْنَ عَلَى أَنْفُسِهِنَّ فَهَذِهِ قِصَّةُ حَوَّاءَ صَلَوَاتُ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهَا ". وَ أَمَّا قَوْلُ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ يا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ اتَّقُوا رَبَّكُمُ الَّذِي خَلَقَكُمْ مِنْ نَفْسٍ واحِدَةٍ وَ خَلَقَ مِنْها زَوْجَها وَ بَثَّ مِنْهُما رِجالًا كَثِيراً وَ نِساءً فَإِنَّهُ رُوِيَ: "أَنَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ خَلَقَ مِنْ طِينَتِهَا زَوْجَهَا وَ بَثَّ مِنْهُمٰا رِجٰالاً كَثِيراً وَ نِسٰاءً ".
Zurarah ibn A'yun narrated that Abu Abdillah عليه السلام was asked about the creation of Hawwa (Eve). It was said to him that some people claim Allah سبحانه وتعالى, the Almighty and Glorious, created Hawwa from the leftmost rib of Adam. Imam عليه السلام said: "Glory be to Allah سبحانه وتعالى and far exalted is He سبحانه وتعالى above such a claim. Does the one who says this believe that Allah سبحانه وتعالى, Blessed and Exalted, lacked the power to create Adam's spouse from something other than his rib? Does he provide an opportunity for those who seek to cast doubts to say that Adam married a part of himself if she was created from his rib? What is wrong with these people? May Allah سبحانه وتعالى judge between us and them." Then Imam عليه السلام said: "Indeed, when Allah سبحانه وتعالى, Blessed and Exalted, created Adam عليه السلام from clay and commanded the angels to prostrate before him, He سبحانه وتعالى caused Adam to fall into a deep sleep. He سبحانه وتعالى then created Hawwa for him and placed her in the indentation between his thighs. This was done so that the woman would be dependent upon the man." Imam عليه السلام continued: "Hawwa began to move, which caused Adam to wake up due to her movement. When he woke up, he was told to move away from her. When he looked at her, he saw a beautiful creation resembling his own image, except that she was female. He spoke to her, and she responded to him in his language." Adam عليه السلام then asked her: 'Who are you?' She replied: 'A creation whom Allah سبحانه وتعالى created, as you can see.' Adam عليه السلام then said: 'O Lord عز وجل, what is this beautiful creation whose closeness has comforted me and whose sight has pleased me?' Allah سبحانه وتعالى, the Almighty and Glorious, said: "O Adam, this is My servant Hawwa. Do you wish for her to be with you, to comfort you, converse with you, and be subject to your command?" Adam عليه السلام replied: "Yes, O Lord عز وجل, and for that, I offer You praise and thanks for as long as I live." Allah سبحانه وتعالى, the Almighty, then said: "Propose to her through Me سبحانه وتعالى, for she is My servant, and she may also be suitable for you as a wife for fulfilling desires." Allah سبحانه وتعالى then instilled in Adam the natural desire and had already taught him knowledge of all things. Adam عليه السلام said: "O Lord عز وجل, I propose to her through You سبحانه وتعالى. What is Your سبحانه وتعالى satisfaction regarding this matter?" Allah سبحانه وتعالى, the Almighty, said: "My satisfaction is that you teach her the principles of My religion." Adam عليه السلام replied: "That is upon me, O Lord عز وجل, if You سبحانه وتعالى will grant her to me." Allah سبحانه وتعالى, the Almighty, said: "I have willed it and have married her to you. Now take her to yourself." Adam عليه السلام then said to her: "Come to me." But she replied: "No, you come to me." Allah سبحانه وتعالى, the Almighty, then commanded Adam عليه السلام to go to her. Had it not been so, women would have approached men and proposed themselves. This is the story of Hawwa (peace be upon her)." As for the saying of Allah سبحانه وتعالى, the Almighty and Glorious: "O mankind, fear your Lord عز وجل, who created you from a single soul and created from it its mate, and dispersed from both of them many men and women" (Surah An-Nisa 4:1), It is narrated that Allah سبحانه وتعالى, the Almighty and Glorious, created Adam's spouse from his clay, as mentioned in the verse: "And dispersed from both of them many men and women" (Surah An-Nisa 4:1).
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh
وَ رَوَى زُرَارَةُ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: "أَنَّ آدَمَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ وُلِدَ لَهُ شِيثٌ وَ أَنَّ اِسْمَهُ هِبَةُ اَللَّهِ وَ هُوَ أَوَّلُ وَصِيٍّ أُوصِيَ إِلَيْهِ مِنَ اَلْآدَمِيِّينَ فِي اَلْأَرْضِ ثُمَّ وُلِدَ لَهُ بَعْدَ شِيثٍ يَافِثُ فَلَمَّا أَدْرَكَا أَرَادَ اَللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ أَنْ يُبْلِغَ بِالنَّسْلِ مَا تَرَوْنَ وَ أَنْ يَكُونَ مَا قَدْ جَرَى بِهِ اَلْقَلَمُ مِنْ تَحْرِيمِ مَا حَرَّمَ اَللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ مِنَ اَلْأَخَوَاتِ عَلَى اَلْإِخْوَةِ أَنْزَلَ بَعْدَ اَلْعَصْرِ فِي يَوْمِ خَمِيسٍ حَوْرَاءَ مِنَ اَلْجَنَّةِ اِسْمُهَا نَزْلَةُ فَأَمَرَ اَللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ آدَمَ أَنْ يُزَوِّجَهَا مِنْ شِيثٍ فَزَوَّجَهَا مِنْهُ ثُمَّ أَنْزَلَ بَعْدَ اَلْعَصْرِ مِنَ اَلْغَدِ حَوْرَاءَ مِنَ اَلْجَنَّةِ وَ اِسْمُهَا مُنْزَلَةُ فَأَمَرَ اَللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ آدَمَ أَنْ يُزَوِّجَهَا مِنْ يَافِثَ فَزَوَّجَهَا مِنْهُ فَوُلِدَ لِشِيثٍ غُلاَمٌ وَ وُلِدَ لِيَافِثَ جَارِيَةٌ فَأَمَرَ اَللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ آدَمَ حِينَ أَدْرَكَا أَنْ يُزَوِّجَ اِبْنَةَ يَافِثَ مِنِ اِبْنِ شِيثٍ فَفَعَلَ فَوُلِدَ اَلصَّفْوَةُ مِنَ اَلنَّبِيِّينَ وَ اَلْمُرْسَلِينَ مِنْ نَسْلِهِمَا وَ مَعَاذَ اَللَّهِ أَنْ يَكُونَ ذَلِكَ عَلَى مَا قَالُوا مِنْ أَمْرِ اَلْإِخْوَةِ وَ اَلْأَخَوَاتِ".
Zurarah narrated from Abu Abdillah عليه السلام that Adam عليه السلام had a son named Sheeth, whose name means "Gift of Allah سبحانه وتعالى." He was the first successor appointed among humans on earth. After Sheeth, Adam عليه السلام had another son named Yafith. When both sons reached maturity, Allah سبحانه وتعالى, the Almighty and Glorious, intended to continue human progeny and fulfill what was decreed by His سبحانه وتعالى command. To enforce the prohibition of marriage between brothers and sisters, Allah سبحانه وتعالى sent down, after the afternoon (Asr) on a Thursday, a heavenly woman from Paradise named Nazlah. Allah سبحانه وتعالى commanded Adam عليه السلام to marry her to Sheeth, and so he did. The next afternoon, on Friday, Allah سبحانه وتعالى sent down another heavenly woman from Paradise named Munzalah. Allah سبحانه وتعالى commanded Adam عليه السلام to marry her to Yafith, and so he did. Sheeth and Nazlah had a son, and Yafith and Munzalah had a daughter. When these children grew up, Allah سبحانه وتعالى commanded Adam عليه السلام to marry the daughter of Yafith to the son of Sheeth. Adam obeyed this command, and from their lineage came the chosen ones among the prophets and messengers. Far be it from Allah سبحانه وتعالى that human propagation occurred as some have claimed-through marriage between brothers and sisters. Instead, Allah سبحانه وتعالى ensured the preservation of purity and honor in the lineage through divine arrangements.
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh
رَوَى اَلْقَاسِمُ بْنُ عُرْوَةَ عَنْ بُرَيْدٍ اَلْعِجْلِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: "إِنَّ اَللَّهَ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى أَنْزَلَ عَلَى آدَمَ حَوْرَاءَ مِنَ اَلْجَنَّةِ فَزَوَّجَهَا أَحَدَ اِبْنَيْهِ وَ تَزَوَّجَ اَلْآخَرُ اِبْنَةَ اَلْجَانِّ فَمَا كَانَ فِي اَلنَّاسِ مِنْ جَمَالٍ كَثِيرٍ أَوْ حُسْنِ خُلُقٍ فَهُوَ مِنَ اَلْحَوْرَاءِ وَ مَا كَانَ فِيهِمْ مِنْ سُوءِ خُلُقٍ فَهُوَ مِنِ اِبْنَةِ اَلْجَانِّ".
Al-Qasim ibn Urwah narrated from Burayd al-Ijli, from Abu Ja'far Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir عليه السلام, who said: "Indeed, Allah سبحانه وتعالى, Blessed and Exalted, sent down to Adam a woman from Paradise, and he married her to one of his sons. The other son married a daughter of the jinn. Therefore, whatever beauty or good character exists among people, it is from the woman of Paradise, and whatever bad character exists among them, it is from the daughter of the jinn."
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh
Commentary #1