Chapter on a Slave Marrying Without His Master's Permission
Man Lā Yaḥḍuruh al-Faqīh|Volume 3|Book 3|Chapter 37
Man Lā Yaḥḍuruh al-Faqīh
Volume 3, Book 3, Chapter 37
Chapter on a Slave Marrying Without His Master's Permission
2 hadiths
رَوَى مُوسَى بْنُ بَكْرٍ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ تَزَوَّجَ عَبْدُهُ اِمْرَأَةً بِغَيْرِ إِذْنِهِ فَدَخَلَ بِهَا ثُمَّ اِطَّلَعَ عَلَى ذَلِكَ مَوْلاَهُ قَالَ "ذَلِكَ لِمَوْلاَهُ إِنْ شَاءَ فَرَّقَ بَيْنَهُمَا وَ إِنْ شَاءَ أَجَازَ نِكَاحَهُمَا فَإِنْ فَعَلَ وَ فَرَّقَ بَيْنَهُمَا فَلِلْمَرْأَةِ مَا أَصْدَقَهَا إِلاَّ أَنْ يَكُونَ اِعْتَدَى فَأَصْدَقَهَا صَدَاقاً كَثِيراً فَإِنْ أَجَازَ نِكَاحَهُ فَهُمَا عَلَى نِكَاحِهِمَا اَلْأَوَّلِ" فَقُلْتُ لِأَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ فَإِنَّهُ فِي أَصْلِ اَلنِّكَاحِ كَانَ عَاصِياً فَقَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ "إِنَّمَا أَتَى شَيْئاً حَلاَلاً وَ لَيْسَ بِعَاصٍ لِلَّهِ إِنَّمَا عَصَى سَيِّدَهُ وَ لَمْ يَعْصِ اَللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ إِنَّ ذَلِكَ لَيْسَ كَإِتْيَانِهِ مَا حَرَّمَ اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ نِكَاحٍ فِي عِدَّةٍ وَ أَشْبَاهِ ذَلِكَ".
Musa ibn Bakr narrated from Zurara, who said: I asked Abu Jafar Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir عليه السلام about a man whose slave married a woman without his permission and then consummated the marriage. Later, the master found out about it. Imam عليه السلام said: "It is up to the master - if he wishes, he can separate them, and if he wishes, he can approve their marriage. If the master separates them, the woman is entitled to whatever dowry was given to her unless it was excessive, in which case it is reduced. But if the master approves their marriage, they remain upon their original marriage contract." I then said to Abu Jafar Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir عليه السلام: "Was the slave sinful in entering into the marriage without permission in the first place?" Abu Jafar Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir عليه السلام replied: "What he did was something permissible and lawful; he did not disobey Allah سبحانه وتعالى, the Mighty and Majestic. Rather, he disobeyed his master but did not violate any law of Allah سبحانه وتعالى. This is not like committing something forbidden by Allah سبحانه وتعالى, such as marrying a woman who is in her waiting period or similar acts."
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh, p. 283
وَ رَوَى أَبَانُ بْنُ عُثْمَانَ أَنَّ رَجُلاً يُقَالُ لَهُ اِبْنُ زِيَادٍ اَلطَّائِيُّ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ إِنِّي كُنْتُ رَجُلاً مَمْلُوكاً فَتَزَوَّجْتُ بِغَيْرِ إِذْنِ مَوَالِيَّ ثُمَّ أَعْتَقَنِي اَللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ فَأُجَدِّدُ اَلنِّكَاحَ فَقَالَ "كَانُوا عَلِمُوا أَنَّكَ تَزَوَّجْتَ" قُلْتُ نَعَمْ قَدْ عَلِمُوا وَ سَكَتُوا وَ لَمْ يَقُولُوا لِي شَيْئاً فَقَالَ "ذَلِكَ إِقْرَارٌ مِنْهُمْ أَنْتَ عَلَى نِكَاحِكَ".
Aban ibn Uthman narrated that a man named Ibn Ziyad al-Ta'i said: I said to Abu Abdillah عليه السلام: "I was a slave and got married without the permission of my masters. Then Allah سبحانه وتعالى, the Mighty and Majestic, granted me freedom. Should I renew the marriage contract?" Imam عليه السلام said: "Were they aware that you had married?" I said: "Yes, they knew and remained silent without objecting." Imam عليه السلام said: "Their silence is considered approval. You remain upon your original marriage contract."
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh, p. 283