Chapter on the Inheritance of Distant Kindred (Dhawi Al-Arham) Alongside Freed Slaves (Mawali)
Man Lā Yaḥḍuruh al-Faqīh|Volume 4|Book 1|Chapter 149
Man Lā Yaḥḍuruh al-Faqīh
Volume 4, Book 1, Chapter 149
Chapter on the Inheritance of Distant Kindred (Dhawi Al-Arham) Alongside Freed Slaves (Mawali)
4 hadiths · 2 commentaries
رَوَى أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سَهْلٍ عَنِ اَلْحَسَنِ بْنِ اَلْحَكَمِ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: فِي رَجُلٍ تَرَكَ خَالَتَيْهِ وَ مَوَالِيَهُ قَالَ " "أُولُوا اَلْأَرْحٰامِ بَعْضُهُمْ أَوْلىٰ بِبَعْضٍ" اَلْمَالُ بَيْنَ اَلْخَالَتَيْنِ".
Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Isa narrated from Muhammad ibn Sahl, from Al-Hasan ibn Al-Hakam, from Abu Jafar Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir عليه السلام that he said regarding a man who left behind two maternal aunts and his freed slaves: "Those who are related by blood are more entitled to inherit from each other." The wealth is to be divided between the two maternal aunts.
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh, p. 365
وَ سَأَلَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ يَقْطِينٍ أَبَا اَلْحَسَنِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: عَنِ اَلرَّجُلِ يَمُوتُ وَ يَدَعُ أُخْتَهُ وَ مَوَالِيَهُ قَالَ "اَلْمَالُ لِأُخْتِهِ".
Ali ibn Yaqteen asked Abu Al-Hasan عليه السلام about a man who dies and leaves behind his sister and his freed slaves. Imam عليه السلام said: "The wealth belongs to his sister."
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh, p. 365
وَ قَدْ رَوَى جَابِرٌ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: "أَنَّ عَلِيّاً عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ كَانَ يُعْطِي أُولِي اَلْأَرْحَامِ دُونَ اَلْمَوَالِي".
Jabir narrated from Abu Jafar Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir عليه السلام that: "Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib عليه السلام used to give inheritance to the blood relatives over the freed slaves."
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh
فَأَمَّا اَلْحَدِيثُ اَلَّذِي رَوَاهُ اَلْمُخَالِفُونَ: أَنَّ مَوْلًى لِحَمْزَةَ تُوُفِّيَ وَ أَنَّ اَلنَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ أَعْطَى اِبْنَةَ حَمْزَةَ اَلنِّصْفَ وَ أَعْطَى اَلْمَوَالِيَ اَلنِّصْفَ. فَهُوَ حَدِيثٌ مُنْقَطِعٌ إِنَّمَا هُوَ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ شَدَّادٍ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ص وَ هُوَ مُرْسَلٌ وَ لَعَلَّ ذَلِكَ كَانَ شَيْئاً قَبْلَ نُزُولِ الْفَرَائِضِ فَنُسِخَ فَقَدْ فَرَضَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ لِلْحُلَفَاءِ فِي كِتَابِهِ فَقَالَ وَ الَّذِينَ عَقَدَتْ أَيْمانُكُمْ فَآتُوهُمْ نَصِيبَهُمْ وَ لَكِنَّهُ نَسَخَ ذَلِكَ بِقَوْلِهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ وَ أُولُوا الْأَرْحامِ بَعْضُهُمْ أَوْلى بِبَعْضٍ فِي كِتابِ اللَّهِ وَ رُوِيَ أَنَّ إِبْرَاهِيمَ النَّخَعِيَ كَانَ يُنْكِرُ هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ فِي مِيرَاثِ مَوْلَى حَمْزَةَ وَ الصَّحِيحُ مِنْ هَذَا كِتَابُ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ دُونَ الْحَدِيثِ.
As for the narration reported by the opponents - that a freed slave of Hamza passed away and the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) gave half of the inheritance to the daughter of Hamza and half to the freed slaves - this is a disconnected narration. It is only reported from Abdullah ibn Shaddad from the Prophet عليه السلام, and it is a mursal (incomplete) narration. Perhaps this incident occurred before the revelation of the laws of inheritance and was later abrogated. Allah سبحانه وتعالى, the Mighty and Majestic, had prescribed shares for allies in His Book, saying: "And those with whom you have made a pledge, give them their due share," (Surah An-Nisa 4:33) but He سبحانه وتعالى abrogated that with His سبحانه وتعالى saying: "Those who are related by blood are more entitled to inherit from each other in the Book of Allah سبحانه وتعالى." (Surah Al-Anfal 8:75) It has also been reported that Ibrahim Al-Nakha'i used to reject this narration concerning the inheritance of Hamza's freed slave. What is correct in this matter is the Book of Allah سبحانه وتعالى, the Mighty and Majestic, not the narration.
وَ رَوَوْا عَنْ حَنَانٍ قَالَ كُنْتُ جَالِساً عِنْدَ سُوَيْدِ بْنِ غَفَلَةَ: فَجَاءَهُ رَجُلٌ فَسَأَلَهُ عَنِ اِبْنَةٍ وَ اِمْرَأَةٍ وَ مَوَالٍ فَقَالَ أُخْبِرُكَ فِيهَا بِقَضَاءِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ جَعَلَ "لِلاِبْنَةِ اَلنِّصْفَ وَ لِلْمَرْأَةِ اَلثُّمُنَ" وَ رَدَّ مَا بَقِيَ عَلَى اَلاِبْنَةِ وَ لَمْ يُعْطِ اَلْمَوَالِيَ شَيْئاً.
They narrated from Hanan who said: I was sitting with Suwayd ibn Ghafalah when a man came to him and asked about the inheritance of a daughter, a wife, and freed slaves. Suwayd said: "I will inform you of the ruling of Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib عليه السلام regarding this matter. Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib عليه السلام allocated half of the inheritance to the daughter and one-eighth to the wife, and Imam عليه السلام returned what remained to the daughter, giving nothing to the freed slaves."
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh
Commentary #1