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wa-li-kullin jaʿalnā mawāliya mimmā taraka l-wālidāni wa-l-ʾaqrabūna wa-lladhīna ʿaqadat ʾaymānukum fa-ʾātūhum naṣībahum ʾinna llāha kāna ʿalā kulli shayʾin shahīdan-i
For everyone We have appointed heirs to what the parents and near relatives leave, as well as those with whom you have made a compact; so give them their share [of the heritage]. Indeed Allah is witness to all things.
— Ali Quli Qarai
Surah An-Nisa', Verse 33
33. "And for everyone We have placed heirs (to inherit) of what parents and near relatives leave, and as for those with whom your right hands have made a covenant, give them their portion; verily Allah is ever witness over all things."
The phrase: "Your right hands have made a covenant" is a hint to the contract which used to be held between two persons before Islam. Then Islam, with a slight change in it, accepted it. In Islamic jurisprudent books, this action has been entitled /daman-i-jarirah/. The content of this contract was so that: two persons promised that they would help each other in the life affairs, assist in the payment of compensations of one another, and one could inherit from the other.
It was something similar to the insurance contract of today which indicates: if a loss comes forth for a person, the promised party pays its compensation. Islam accepted this content, but inheriting from another one is conditioned to the lack of any hair for the diseased person.
Explanations
1. Assigning the standard of the portion of inheritance for relatives by the command of Allah.
2. A person has the right of transferring his/her possession to another one under some conditions.
3. Fulfilling a promise is obligatory.
4. The debtors should seek after the creditors.
5. The promises of a person is usually valid after that person's death.
6. Allah is always present and witnesses the deeds.