Chapter on the Inheritance of the Son of Li'an (Mutual Cursing)

Man Lā Yaḥḍuruh al-Faqīh|Volume 4|Book 1|Chapter 163

Volume 4, Book 1, Chapter 163

Chapter on the Inheritance of the Son of Li'an (Mutual Cursing)

9 hadiths · 3 commentaries

Commentary #1

ابْنُ الْمُلَاعَنَةِ لَا وَارِثَ لَهُ مِنْ قِبَلِ أَبِيهِ وَ إِنَّمَا تَرِثُهُ أُمُّهُ وَ إِخْوَتُهُ لِأُمِّهِ وَ وُلْدُهُ وَ أَخْوَالُهُ وَ زَوْجَتُهُ فَإِنْ تَرَكَ أَوْلَاداً فَالْمَالُ بَيْنَهُمْ عَلَى سِهَامِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَ فَإِنْ تَرَكَ أَبَاهُ وَ أُمَّهُ فَالْمَالُ لِأُمِّهِ فَإِنْ تَرَكَ أَبَاهُ وَ ابْنَهُ فَالْمَالُ لِابْنِهِ فَإِنْ تَرَكَ أَبَاهُ وَ أَخْوَالَهُ فَمَالُهُ لِأَخْوَالِهِ فَإِنْ تَرَكَ خَالًا وَ خَالَةً فَالْمَالُ بَيْنَهُمَا بِالسَّوِيَّةِ فَإِنْ تَرَكَ خَالًا وَ خَالَةً وَ عَمّاً وَ عَمَّةً فَالْمَالُ لِلْخَالِ وَ الْخَالَةِ بَيْنَهُمَا بِالسَّوِيَّةِ وَ سَقَطَ الْعَمُّ وَ الْعَمَّةُ فَإِنْ تَرَكَ إِخْوَةً لِأُمٍّ و جَدَّةً لِأُمٍّ فَالْمَالُ بَيْنَهُمْ بِالسَّوِيَّةِ فَإِنْ تَرَكَ ابْنَ أُخْتِهِ لِأُمِّهِ وَ جَدَّهُ أَبَا أُمِّهِ فَالْمَالُ بَيْنَهُمَا نِصْفَانِ فَإِنْ تَرَكَ أُمَّهُ وَ امْرَأَتَهُ فَلِلْمَرْأَةِ الرُّبُعُ وَ مَا بَقِيَ فَلِلْأُمِّ فَإِنْ تَرَكَ ابْنُ الْمُلَاعَنَةِ امْرَأَةً وَ جَدّاً أَبَا أُمَّةٍ وَ خَالَةً لِلْمَرْأَةِ الرُّبُعُ وَ لِلْجَدِّ الْبَاقِي فَإِنْ تَرَكَ ثَلَاثَ خَالاتٍ مُتَفَرِّقَاتٍ وَ امْرَأَةً وَ ابْنَ أَخٍ لِأُمٍّ فَلِلْمَرْأَةِ الرُّبُعُ وَ مَا بَقِيَ فَلِابْنِ الْأَخِ فَإِنْ تَرَكَ ابْنَتَهُ وَ أُمَّهُ فَلِلِابْنَةِ النِّصْفُ وَ لِلْأُمِّ السُّدُسُ وَ مَا بَقِيَ رَدٌّ عَلَيْهِمَا عَلَى قَدْرِ سِهَامِهِمَا فَإِنْ تَرَكَ أُمَّهُ وَ أَخَاهُ فَالْمَالُ لِلْأُمِّ فَإِنْ تَرَكَ امْرَأَةً وَ ابْنَةً وَ جَدّاً وَ جَدَّةً لِأُمٍّ وَ أَخاً وَ أُخْتاً لِأُمٍّ فَلِلْمَرْأَةِ الثُّمُنُ وَ مَا بَقِيَ فَلِلِابْنَةِ فَإِنْ تَرَكَ امْرَأَةً وَ جَدّاً وَ أُمّاً وَ جَدَّةً وَ ابْنَ أَخٍ وَ ابْنَ أُخْتٍ وَ خَالًا وَ خَالَةً فَلِلْمَرْأَةِ الرُّبُعُ وَ مَا بَقِيَ فَلِلْأُمِّ وَ سَقَطَ الْبَاقُونَ فَإِنْ تَرَكَ ابْنَةً وَ ابْنَةَ ابْنٍ فَالْمَالُ لِلِابْنَةِ وَ كَذَلِكَ إِنْ تَرَكَ ابْنَةً وَ ابْنَ ابْنٍ فَالْمَالُ لِلِابْنَةِ فَإِنْ تَرَكَ ابْنُ الْمُلَاعَنَةِ أَخاً لِأَبٍ وَ أُمٍّ وَ أَخاً لِأُمٍّ فَالْمَالُ بَيْنَهُمَا نِصْفَانِ وَ كَذَلِكَ إِنْ تَرَكَ أُخْتاً لِأُمٍّ وَ أُخْتاً لِأَبٍ وَ أُمٍّ فَالْمَالُ بَيْنَهُمَا نِصْفَانِ فَإِنْ تَرَكَ ابْنَ أَخٍ وَ ابْنَةَ أُخْتٍ لِأُمٍّ فَالْمَالُ بَيْنَهُمَا نِصْفَانِ فَإِنْ مَاتَتِ ابْنَةُ الْمُلَاعَنَةِ وَ تَرَكَتِ ابْنَ ابْنَتِهَا وَ ابْنَ ابْنَةِ ابْنِهَا وَ زَوْجَهَا وَ خَالَهَا وَ جَدَّهَا وَ ابْنَ أُخْتِهَا وَ ابْنَ أَخِيهَا فَلِلزَّوْجِ الرُّبُعُ وَ مَا بَقِيَ فَلِابْنِ الِابْنَةِ وَ سَقَطَ الْبَاقُونَ فَإِنْ تَرَكَ ابْنُ الْمُلَاعَنَةِ أُخْتَهُ وَ ابْنَةَ أَخِيهِ لِأُمِّهِ فَالْمَالُ كُلُّهُ لِلْأُخْتِ فَإِنْ تَرَكَ امْرَأَةً وَ جَدَّةً وَ جَدّاً مِنْ قِبَلِ الْأُمِّ فَلِلْمَرْأَةِ الرُّبُعُ وَ مَا بَقِيَ فَبَيْنَ الْجَدِّ وَ الْجَدَّةِ لِلْأُمِّ نِصْفَانِ فَأَمَّا وَلَدُ وَلَدِ ابْنِ الْمُلَاعَنَةِ إِذَا مَاتَ فَإِنَّ مِيرَاثَهُ مِثْلُ مِيرَاثِ غَيْرِ ابْنِ الْمُلَاعَنَةِ سَوَاءً فِي جَمِيعِ فَرَائِضِ الْمَوَارِيثِ وَ مِيرَاثُ وَلَدِ الزِّنَا مِثْلُ مِيرَاثِ وَلَدِ الْمُلَاعَنَةِ.

The child of mula'anah (the child resulting from mutual cursing between spouses due to accusations of adultery) has no inheritance rights from his father. His inheritance is only through his mother, maternal siblings, his own children, maternal uncles, and his wife. If he leaves behind children, the wealth is divided among them according to the shares ordained by Allah , the Mighty and Majestic. If he leaves behind both his father and mother, the wealth goes to his mother. If he leaves behind his father and his son, the wealth goes to his son. If he leaves behind his father and maternal uncles, the wealth goes to his maternal uncles. If he leaves behind a maternal uncle and a maternal aunt, the wealth is divided equally between them. If he leaves behind a maternal uncle, a maternal aunt, a paternal uncle, and a paternal aunt, the wealth is divided equally between the maternal uncle and aunt, and the paternal uncle and aunt receive nothing. If he leaves behind maternal siblings and a maternal grandmother, the wealth is divided equally between them. If he leaves behind his maternal aunt's son and his maternal grandfather, the wealth is divided equally between them. If he leaves behind his mother and his wife, the wife receives one-fourth, and the remainder goes to his mother. If the child of mula'anah leaves behind a wife, maternal grandfather, and maternal aunt, the wife receives one-fourth, and the remainder goes to the maternal grandfather. If he leaves behind three maternal aunts from different mothers, a wife, and a maternal nephew, the wife receives one-fourth, and the remainder goes to the maternal nephew. If he leaves behind a daughter and his mother, the daughter receives half, the mother receives one-sixth, and the remaining share is returned to them proportionally based on their shares. If he leaves behind his mother and his brother, the wealth goes entirely to his mother. If he leaves behind a wife, a daughter, a maternal grandfather, a maternal grandmother, and a maternal brother and sister, the wife receives one-eighth, and the remainder goes to the daughter. If he leaves behind a wife, maternal grandfather, mother, maternal grandmother, maternal nephew, maternal niece, maternal uncle, and maternal aunt, the wife receives one-fourth, and the remainder goes to his mother. If a man leaves behind a daughter and a son's daughter (granddaughter), the entire inheritance goes to the daughter. Similarly, if he leaves behind a daughter and a son's son (grandson), the entire inheritance goes to the daughter. If the child of mula'anah leaves behind a full brother (from both parents) and a maternal brother, the inheritance is divided equally between them. Likewise, if he leaves behind a maternal sister and a full sister, the inheritance is divided equally between them. If he leaves behind a paternal nephew and a maternal niece, the inheritance is also divided equally between them. If the daughter of the mula'anah child dies and leaves behind her daughter's son, her son's daughter's son, her husband, her maternal uncle, her grandfather, her maternal nephew, and her paternal nephew, the husband receives one-fourth of the inheritance, and the remainder goes to her daughter's son, while the rest of the relatives receive nothing. If the child of mula'anah leaves behind his sister and his maternal brother's daughter, the entire inheritance goes to his sister. If he leaves behind a wife, a maternal grandmother, and a maternal grandfather, the wife receives one-fourth, and the remainder is divided equally between the maternal grandfather and grandmother. As for the descendants of the child of mula'anah, if they die, their inheritance is distributed just like that of any other person, following all the prescribed rules of inheritance without distinction. Likewise, the inheritance of a child born from fornication (walad Al-zina) is the same as that of the child of mula'anah, following the same rules of inheritance.

Hadith #1

وَ رَوَى حَمَّادٌ عَنِ اَلْحَلَبِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ اَلْمُلاَعَنَةِ اَلَّتِي يَرْمِيهَا زَوْجُهَا وَ يَنْتَفِي مِنْ وَلَدِهَا وَ يُلاَعِنُهَا ثُمَّ يَقُولُ زَوْجُهَا بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ اَلْوَلَدُ وَلَدِي وَ يُكَذِّبُ نَفْسَهُ فَقَالَ "أَمَّا اَلْمَرْأَةُ فَلاَ تَرْجِعُ إِلَيْهِ أَبَداً وَ أَمَّا اَلْوَلَدُ فَإِنِّي أَرُدُّهُ إِلَيْهِ إِذَا اِدَّعَاهُ وَ لاَ أَدَعُ وَلَدَهُ لَيْسَ لَهُ مِيرَاثٌ وَ يَرِثُ اَلاِبْنُ اَلْأَبَ وَ لاَ يَرِثُ اَلْأَبُ اَلاِبْنَ يَكُونُ مِيرَاثُهُ لِأَخْوَالِهِ وَ إِنْ دَعَاهُ أَحَدٌ وَلَدَ اَلزِّنَا جُلِدَ اَلْحَدَّ".

Hammad narrated from Al-Halabi, from Abu Abdullah , who was asked about a case of mula'anah (mutual cursing) where a man accuses his wife of adultery, disowns her child, and they engage in the process of mula'anah. Later, the husband claims that the child is indeed his and denies his earlier accusation. Abu Abdullah said: "As for the woman, she can never return to him. As for the child, I return the child to him if he acknowledges it, and I will not leave his child without inheritance. The son inherits from the father, but the father does not inherit from the son. The child's inheritance goes to his maternal uncles. However, if anyone claims a child of adultery (walad Al-zina), he will be subjected to the prescribed punishment (hadd) for false accusation."

Shaykh Baqir al-Behbudi
Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh

Hadith #2

وَ رَوَى مُوسَى بْنُ بَكْرٍ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: "إِنَّ مِيرَاثَ وَلَدِ اَلْمُلاَعَنَةِ لِأُمِّهِ فَإِنْ كَانَتْ أُمُّهُ لَيْسَتْ بِحَيَّةٍ فَلِأَقْرَبِ اَلنَّاسِ مِنْ أُمِّهِ أَخْوَالِهِ".

Musa ibn Bakr narrated from Zurarah, from Abu Jafar Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir , who said: "The inheritance of the child of mula'anah belongs to his mother. If his mother is not alive, then it goes to the closest relatives on his mother's side - his maternal uncles."

Shaykh Baqir al-Behbudi
Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh, p. 371

Commentary #2

قَالَ مُصَنِّفُ هَذَا الْكِتَابِ رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ مَتَى كَانَ الْإِمَامُ غَائِباً كَانَ مِيرَاثُ ابْنِ الْمُلَاعَنَةِ لِأُمِّهِ وَ مَتَى كَانَ الْإِمَامُ ظَاهِراً كَانَ لِأُمِّهِ الثُّلُثُ وَ الْبَاقِي لِإِمَامِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَ تَصْدِيقُ ذَلِكَ مَا رَوَاهُ.

The author of this book, may Allah have mercy on him, stated: When the Imam is absent, the inheritance of the child of mula'anah belongs entirely to his mother. However, when the Imam is present and apparent, one-third of the inheritance goes to the mother, and the remaining portion belongs to the Imam of the Muslims. This is supported by related narrations.

Hadith #3

اَلْحَسَنُ بْنُ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ أَبِي أَيُّوبَ عَنْ أَبِي عُبَيْدَةَ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: "اِبْنُ اَلْمُلاَعَنَةِ تَرِثُهُ أُمُّهُ اَلثُّلُثَ وَ اَلْبَاقِي لِإِمَامِ اَلْمُسْلِمِينَ ".

Al-Hasan ibn Mahbub narrated from Abu Ayyub, from Abu Ubaydah, from Abu Jafar Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir , who said: "The child of mula'anah is inherited by his mother with one-third, and the remainder belongs to the Imam of the Muslims."

Shaykh Baqir al-Behbudi
Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh

Hadith #4

وَ رَوَى اِبْنُ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ أَبَانٍ وَ غَيْرِهِ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: "قَضَى أَمِيرُ اَلْمُؤْمِنِينَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ فِي اِبْنِ اَلْمُلاَعَنَةِ "أَنَّهُ تَرِثُهُ أُمُّهُ اَلثُّلُثَ وَ اَلْبَاقِي لِلْإِمَامِ لِأَنَّ جِنَايَتَهُ عَلَى اَلْإِمَامِ" ".

Ibn Abi Umayr narrated from Aban and others, from Zurarah, from Abu Jafar Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir , who said: "The Commander of the Faithful ruled regarding the child of mula'anah that his mother inherits one-third, and the remainder belongs to the Imam because any liability for his actions falls upon the Imam."

Shaykh Baqir al-Behbudi
Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh

Hadith #5

وَ رَوَى أَبُو اَلْجَوْزَاءِ عَنِ اَلْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ عُلْوَانَ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ خَالِدٍ عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ جَدِّهِ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: فِي رَجُلٍ قَذَفَ اِمْرَأَتَهُ ثُمَّ خَرَجَ فَجَاءَ وَ قَدْ تُوُفِّيَتِ اَلْمَرْأَةُ قَالَ "يُخَيَّرُ وَاحِدَةً مِنِ اِثْنَتَيْنِ فَيُقَالُ لَهُ إِنْ شِئْتَ أَلْزَمْتَ نَفْسَكَ اَلذَّنْبَ فَيُقَامُ فِيكَ اَلْحَدُّ وَ تُعْطَى اَلْمِيرَاثَ وَ إِنْ شِئْتَ أَقْرَرْتَ فَلاَعَنْتَ أَدْنَى قَرَابَتِهَا إِلَيْهَا وَ لاَ مِيرَاثَ لَكَ".

Abu Al-Jawza' narrated from Al-Husayn ibn Alwan, from Amr ibn Khalid, from Zayd ibn Ali, from his father , from his grandfather , from Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib , regarding a man who accused his wife of adultery and then left. When he returned, he found that his wife had passed away. Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib said: "He is given a choice between two options. It is said to him: If you wish, you can admit to the sin, in which case the legal punishment (hadd) will be carried out upon you, and you will receive her inheritance. Or, if you wish, you may affirm your accusation and perform mula'anah (mutual cursing) with her closest living relative, and in that case, you will have no share in her inheritance."

Shaykh Baqir al-Behbudi
Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh

Hadith #6

وَ رَوَى مَنْصُورُ بْنُ حَازِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ "كَانَ عَلِيٌّ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ يَقُولُ: "إِذَا مَاتَ اِبْنُ اَلْمُلاَعَنَةِ وَ لَهُ إِخْوَةٌ قُسِمَ مَالُهُ عَلَى سِهَامِ اَللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ" ".

Mansur ibn Hazim narrated from Abu Abdullah who said: "Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib used to say: 'If the son of the cursed woman dies and he has brothers, his wealth is divided according to the shares ordained by Allah , the Mighty and Majestic.'"

Shaykh Baqir al-Behbudi
Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh, p. 371

Commentary #3

يَعْنِي إِخْوَةً لِأُمٍّ أَوْ لِأَبٍ وَ أُمٍّ فَأَمَّا الْإِخْوَةُ لِلْأَبِ فَلَا يَرِثُونَهُ وَ الْإِخْوَةُ لِلْأَبِ وَ الْأُمِّ إِنَّمَا يَرِثُونَهُ مِنْ جِهَةِ الْأُمِّ لَا مِنْ جِهَةِ الْأَبِ فَهُمْ وَ الْإِخْوَةُ لِلْأُمِّ فِي الْمِيرَاثِ سَوَاءٌ.

This means brothers from the mother's side or from both the father and mother. As for brothers from the father's side only, they do not inherit from him. The brothers from both the father and the mother inherit only through the mother, not through the father. Therefore, they and the brothers from the mother's side are equal in inheritance.

Hadith #7

وَ رَوَى اَلْحَسَنُ بْنُ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ رِئَابٍ عَنِ اَلْحَلَبِيِّ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ لاَعَنَ اِمْرَأَتَهُ وَ هِيَ حُبْلَى قَدِ اِسْتَبَانَ حَمْلُهَا وَ أَنْكَرَ مَا فِي بَطْنِهَا فَلَمَّا وَضَعَتِ اِدَّعَاهُ وَ أَقَرَّ بِهِ وَ زَعَمَ أَنَّهُ مِنْهُ فَقَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ "يُرَدُّ إِلَيْهِ وَلَدُهُ وَ يَرِثُهُ وَ لاَ يُجْلَدُ لِأَنَّ اَللِّعَانَ قَدْ مَضَى".

Al-Hasan ibn Mahbub narrated from Ali ibn Ri'ab from Al-Halabi who said: I asked Abu Abdullah about a man who had invoked li'an against his wife while she was pregnant, and her pregnancy was visibly apparent. He denied what was in her womb. However, after she gave birth, he claimed the child and acknowledged it, asserting that it was his. Abu Abdullah said: "The child is returned to him, and he inherits from him, and the man is not subjected to flogging because the li'an has already taken place."

Shaykh Baqir al-Behbudi
Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh

Hadith #8

وَ رَوَى مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ اَلْفُضَيْلِ عَنْ أَبِي اَلصَّبَّاحِ وَ عَمْرِو بْنِ عُثْمَانَ عَنِ اَلْمُفَضَّلِ عَنْ زَيْدٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: فِي اِبْنِ اَلْمُلاَعَنَةِ مَنْ يَرِثُهُ قَالَ "تَرِثُهُ أُمُّهُ" قُلْتُ أَ رَأَيْتَ إِنْ مَاتَتْ أُمُّهُ وَ وَرِثَهَا هُوَ ثُمَّ مَاتَ هُوَ مَنْ يَرِثُهُ قَالَ "عَصَبَةُ أُمِّهِ وَ هُوَ يَرِثُ أَخْوَالَهُ".

Muhammad ibn Al-Fudayl narrated from Abu Al-Sabbah and Amr ibn Uthman from Al-Mufaddal from Zayd from Abu Abdullah regarding the inheritance of the son of the cursed woman. Imam said: "His mother inherits from him." I asked: "What if his mother dies, and he inherits from her, then he dies - who inherits from him?" Imam said: "The maternal relatives (Aṣaba) of his mother inherit from him, and he inherits from his maternal uncles."

Shaykh Baqir al-Behbudi
Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh

Hadith #9

وَ رَوَى حَمَّادُ بْنُ عِيسَى عَنْ شُعَيْبٍ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: "اِبْنُ اَلْمُلاَعَنَةِ يُنْسَبُ إِلَى أُمِّهِ وَ يَكُونُ أَمْرُهُ وَ شَأْنُهُ كُلُّهُ إِلَيْهَا".

Hammad ibn Isa narrated from Shu'ayb from Abu Basir from Abu Abdullah Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq who said: "The son of the cursed woman is attributed to his mother, and all his matters and affairs belong entirely to her."

Shaykh Baqir al-Behbudi
Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh, p. 371