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wa-man yuwallihim yawmaʾidhin duburahū ʾillā mutaḥarrifan li-qitālin ʾaw mutaḥayyizan ʾilā fiʾatin fa-qad bāʾa bi-ghaḍabin mina llāhi wa-maʾwāhu jahannamu wa-biʾsa l-maṣīru
Whoever turns his back [to flee] from them that day—unless [he is] diverting to fight or retiring towards another troop—shall certainly earn Allah’s wrath, and his refuge shall be hell, an evil destination.
— Ali Quli Qarai
Surah Al-Anfal – Verse 16
16 . “And whoever turns his back to them on that day, unless withdrawing to fight again or removing to join another troop, he has incurred wrath from Allah, and his abode is Hell; and an evil destination it is.”
In Islam, it is unlawful to flee from battle-fields, but there are two exceptions mentioned in this verse for it. One of them is that the escape is done with the purpose of renewing the equipments and the situation and the second is to remove in order to join another group of Muslims, so that they attack wholly with together. In some commentary books, there have also been mentioned some other instances. For example: flight with the aim of giving information to Muslims, or protecting some more important entrenchments.2
These examples are also some extentions of the first aspect. The Arabic term /mutuharrifan/, mentioned in the verse, is derived from /harrafa/ (to pervert), and means ‘one who turns aside’ in order to make the enemy tired and to pervert him and, then, to strike. The Qur’anic word /mutuhayyizan/, also mentioned in this verse, means: ‘one who goes aside’ in order to join to another group of Muslim strivers when the striver feels lonely and is unable to continue fighting.
However, flight from the battle-field is one of the great sins for which Allah has warned His wrath and punishment. The verse says:
Footnotes