[1] Imam ʿAlī al-Hādī صلوات الله عليه.

[2] Imam al-Mahdī’s عجل الله فرجه initial location from which he went into occultation was Samarra (where he was born), the town literally known for its Abbasid military cantonment. Hence, his grandfather here describing it aptly as “the abode of the oppressors.”