The Chapter of Condolences and Grief During Calamities, Visiting Graves, Lamentation and Mourning Gatherings
Man Lā Yaḥḍuruh al-Faqīh|Volume 1|Book 1|Chapter 27
Man Lā Yaḥḍuruh al-Faqīh
Book 1, Chapter 27
The Chapter of Condolences and Grief During Calamities, Visiting Graves, Lamentation and Mourning Gatherings
57 hadiths · 2 commentaries
قَالَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ: «مَنْ عَزَّى حَزِيناً كُسِيَ فِي اَلْمَوْقِفِ حُلَّةً يُحَبَّرُ بِهَا.
The Messenger of Allah صلى الله عليه وعلى آله وسلم said: "Whoever consoles a grieving person will be clothed in a robe of honor on the Day of Standing (the Day of Judgment), which will bring them joy (and honor)."
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh
وَ رُوِيَ عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ اَلْحَكَمِ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: رَأَيْتُ مُوسَى بْنَ جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِمَا اَلسَّلاَمُ يُعَزِّي قَبْلَ اَلدَّفْنِ وَ بَعْدَهُ.
It was narrated from Hisham ibn al-Hakam that He said: "I saw Imam Musa ibn Jafar Al-Kadhim عليه السلام offering condolences both before and after the burial."
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh, p. 31
وَقَالَ اَلصَّادِقُ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: «اَلتَّعْزِيَةُ اَلْوَاجِبَةُ بَعْدَ اَلدَّفْنِ.
Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq عليه السلام said: "The obligatory act of offering condolences is after the burial."
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh
وَقَالَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: «كَفَاكَ مِنَ اَلتَّعْزِيَةِ بِأَنْ يَرَاكَ صَاحِبُ اَلْمُصِيبَةِ.
Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq عليه السلام said: "It is sufficient as a form of condolence for the bereaved to see you."
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh
وَ أَتَى أَبُو عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَوْماً قَدْ أُصِيبُوا بِمُصِيبَةٍ فَقَالَ «جَبَرَ اَللَّهُ وَهْنَكُمْ وَ أَحْسَنَ عَزَاكُمْ وَ رَحِمَ مُتَوَفَّاكُمْ» ثُمَّ اِنْصَرَفَ.
Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq عليه السلام visited a group of people who had experienced a loss and said: "May Allah سبحانه وتعالى strengthen you in your weakness, grant you beautiful patience, and have mercy on your deceased." Then he departed.
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh
وَقَالَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ: «اَلتَّعْزِيَةُ تُورِثُ اَلْجَنَّةَ.
The Messenger of Allah صلى الله عليه وعلى آله وسلم said: "Offering condolences leads to Paradise."
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh
وَ عَزَّى اَلصَّادِقُ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ رَجُلاً بِابْنٍ لَهُ فَقَالَ لَهُ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ «اَللَّهُ خَيْرٌ لاِبْنِكَ مِنْكَ وَ ثَوَابُ اَللَّهِ خَيْرٌ لَكَ مِنْهُ» فَبَلَغَهُ جَزَعُهُ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ فَعَادَ إِلَيْهِ فَقَالَ لَهُ «قَدْ مَاتَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ أَ فَمَا لَكَ بِهِ أُسْوَةٌ» فَقَالَ لَهُ إِنَّهُ كَانَ مُرَاهِقاً فَقَالَ لَهُ «إِنَّ أَمَامَهُ ثَلاَثَ خِصَالٍ شَهَادَةَ أَنْ لاَ إِلَهَ إِلاَّ اَللَّهُ وَ رَحْمَةَ اَللَّهِ وَ شَفَاعَةَ رَسُولِ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ فَلَنْ تَفُوتَهُ وَاحِدَةٌ مِنْهُنَّ إِنْ شَاءَ اَللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ.
The truthful one, Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq عليه السلام, offered condolences to a man who had lost his son and said to him: "Allah سبحانه وتعالى is better for your son than you are, and the reward from Allah سبحانه وتعالى is better for you than your son." Later, when the Imam heard of the man's continued grief, he returned to him and said: "The Messenger of Allah صلى الله عليه وعلى آله وسلم also passed away; do you not take him as an example?" The man responded that his son was on the verge of maturity (approaching adulthood). The Imam then said (consoling him): "There are three things ahead of him: the testimony that there is no god but Allah سبحانه وتعالى, Allah’s سبحانه وتعالى mercy, and the intercession of the Messenger of Allah صلى الله عليه وعلى آله وسلم. He will not miss out on any of these, if Allah سبحانه وتعالى the Almighty wills."
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh
وَ رَوَى أَبُو بَصِيرٍ عَنِ اَلصَّادِقِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «يَنْبَغِي لِصَاحِبِ اَلْجِنَازَةِ أَنْ لاَ يَلْبَسَ رِدَاءً وَ أَنْ يَكُونَ فِي قَمِيصٍ حَتَّى يُعْرَفَ وَ يَنْبَغِي لِجِيرَانِهِ أَنْ يُطْعِمُوا عَنْهُ ثَلاَثَةَ أَيَّامٍ.
Abu Basir narrated from Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq عليه السلام that He said: "It is proper for the person responsible for the funeral (i.e., the chief mourner) not to wear an outer cloak (ridā') and to remain in a shirt (Qamis) so that they are recognized (as grieving). It is also proper for the neighbors to provide food on their behalf for three days.”
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh, p. 32
وَقَالَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: «مَلْعُونٌ مَلْعُونٌ مَنْ وَضَعَ رِدَاءَهُ فِي مُصِيبَةِ غَيْرِهِ.
Imam عليه السلام said: "Cursed!, cursed is the one who puts down (removes) their cloak (ridā') in the misfortune of someone else."
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh
وَ لَمَّا قُبِضَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ اَلْعَسْكَرِيُّ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ رُئِيَ اَلْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ عَلَيْهِمَا اَلسَّلاَمُ قَدْ خَرَجَ مِنَ اَلدَّارِ وَ قَدْ شُقَّ قَمِيصُهُ مِنْ خَلْفٍ وَ قُدَّامٍ.
"When Imam Ali ibn Muhammad Al-Hadi عليه السلام passed away, Imam Hasan ibn Ali Al-Askari عليه السلام, was seen coming out of the house with his shirt torn from the front and the back."
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh
وَ قَدْ وَضَعَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ رِدَاءَهُ فِي جِنَازَةِ سَعْدِ بْنِ مُعَاذٍ رَحِمَهُ اَللَّهُ فَسُئِلَ عَنْ ذَلِكَ فَقَالَ «إِنِّي رَأَيْتُ اَلْمَلاَئِكَةَ قَدْ وَضَعَتْ أَرْدِيَتَهَا فَوَضَعْتُ رِدَائِي.
"The Messenger of Allah صلى الله عليه وعلى آله وسلم placed his cloak down during the funeral of Sa'd ibn Mu'adh (may Allah سبحانه وتعالى have mercy on him). When asked about this, He صلى الله عليه وعلى آله وسلم said: "I saw the angels had placed their cloaks down, so I placed mine as well."
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh
وَقَالَ اَلصَّادِقُ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: «لَوْ لاَ أَنَّ اَلصَّبْرَ خُلِقَ قَبْلَ اَلْبَلاَءِ لَتَفَطَّرَ اَلْمُؤْمِنُ كَمَا تَتَفَطَّرُ اَلْبَيْضَةُ عَلَى اَلصَّفَا.
Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq عليه السلام said: "If patience had not been created before trials, the believer would have shattered like an egg striking a rock."
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh
وَقَالَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ: «أَرْبَعٌ مَنْ كُنَّ فِيهِ كَانَ فِي نُورِ اَللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ اَلْأَعْظَمِ مَنْ كَانَ عِصْمَةُ أَمْرِهِ شَهَادَةَ أَنْ لاَ إِلَهَ إِلاَّ اَللَّهُ وَ أَنِّي رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ وَ مَنْ إِذَا أَصَابَتْهُ مُصِيبَةٌ قَالَ «إِنّٰا لِلّٰهِ وَ إِنّٰا إِلَيْهِ رٰاجِعُونَ» وَ مَنْ إِذَا أَصَابَ خَيْراً قَالَ «اَلْحَمْدُ لِلّٰهِ رَبِّ اَلْعٰالَمِينَ» وَ مَنْ إِذَا أَصَابَ خَطِيئَةً قَالَ «أَسْتَغْفِرُ اَللَّهَ وَ أَتُوبُ إِلَيْهِ.
The Messenger of Allah صلى الله عليه وعلى آله وسلم said: "There are four qualities; whoever possesses them will be in the greatest light of Allah سبحانه وتعالى, the Exalted and Glorious:" One whose protection is in the testimony that there is no god but Allah سبحانه وتعالى and that I am the Messenger of Allah صلى الله عليه وعلى آله وسلم, And who, when afflicted with a calamity, says: Innā lillāhi wa innā ilayhi rāji‘ūn "Indeed, we belong to Allah سبحانه وتعالى and to Him we will return" And who, when blessed with goodness, says: Al-ḥamdu lillāhi Rabbi al-‘ālamīn "All praise is due to Allah سبحانه وتعالى, the Lord عز وجل of the worlds" And one who, when committing a sin, says: Astaghfiru Allāha wa atūbu ilayh "I seek forgiveness from Allah سبحانه وتعالى and repent to Him."
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh
وَقَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: «مَا مِنْ مُؤْمِنٍ يُصَابُ بِمُصِيبَةٍ فِي اَلدُّنْيَا فَيَسْتَرْجِعُ عِنْدَ مُصِيبَتِهِ وَ يَصْبِرُ حِينَ تَفْجَأُهُ اَلْمُصِيبَةُ إِلاَّ غَفَرَ اَللَّهُ لَهُ مَا مَضَى مِنْ ذُنُوبِهِ إِلاَّ اَلْكَبَائِرَ اَلَّتِي أَوْجَبَ اَللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ عَلَيْهَا اَلنَّارَ وَ كُلَّمَا ذَكَرَ مُصِيبَتَهُ فِيمَا يَسْتَقْبِلُ مِنْ عُمُرِهِ فَاسْتَرْجَعَ عِنْدَهَا وَ حَمِدَ اَللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ عِنْدَهَا، غَفَرَ اَللَّهُ لَهُ كُلَّ ذَنْبٍ اِكْتَسَبَهُ فِيمَا بَيْنَ اَلاِسْتِرْجَاعِ اَلْأَوَّلِ إِلَى اَلاِسْتِرْجَاعِ اَلْأَخِيرِ إِلاَّ اَلْكَبَائِرَ مِنَ اَلذُّنُوبِ.
Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir عليه السلام said: "Whenever a believer is afflicted with a calamity in this world and responds by reciting the phrase of 'istirja' (saying 'Indeed, we belong to Allah سبحانه وتعالى and to Him we will return') at the moment of calamity and exhibits patience, Allah سبحانه وتعالى forgives their past sins, except for major sins for which Allah سبحانه وتعالى has decreed Hellfire. Additionally, each time the believer remembers that calamity in the future, recites 'istirja' again, and praises Allah سبحانه وتعالى, Allah سبحانه وتعالى forgives all sins committed between the first instance of istirja' and the next, except for major sins."
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh
وَ رَوَى أَبُو بَصِيرٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «إِنَّ مَلَكاً مُوَكَّلاً بِالْمَقَابِرِ فَإِذَا اِنْصَرَفَ أَهْلُ اَلْمَيِّتِ مِنْ جَنَازَتِهِمْ عَنْ مَيِّتِهِمْ أَخَذَ قَبْضَةً مِنْ تُرَابٍ فَرَمَى بِهَا فِي آثَارِهِمْ ثُمَّ قَالَ اِنْسَوْا مَا رَأَيْتُمْ فَلَوْ لاَ ذَلِكَ مَا اِنْتَفَعَ أَحَدٌ بِعَيْشٍ.
Abu Basir narrated from Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir عليه السلام that He said: "There is an angel assigned to the cemeteries. When the family of the deceased returns home after the funeral, this angel takes a handful of soil and throws it after them, saying, 'Forget what you have seen.' Were it not for this, no one would find any benefit (joy) in living."
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh
وَقَالَ اَلصَّادِقُ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: «مَنْ أُصِيبَ بِمُصِيبَةٍ جَزِعَ عَلَيْهَا أَوْ لَمْ يَجْزَعْ صَبَرَ عَلَيْهَا أَمْ لَمْ يَصْبِرْ كَانَ ثَوَابُهُ مِنَ اَللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ اَلْجَنَّةَ.
Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq عليه السلام said: "Whoever is afflicted with a calamity, whether they express intense grief over it or not, whether they exercise patience or not, their reward from Allah سبحانه وتعالى, the Exalted and Glorious, is Paradise."
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh
وَقَالَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: «ثَوَابُ اَلْمُؤْمِنِ مِنْ وَلَدِهِ إِذَا مَاتَ اَلْجَنَّةُ صَبَرَ أَوْ لَمْ يَصْبِرْ.
Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq عليه السلام said: "The reward for a believer whose child dies is Paradise, whether they exhibit patience or not”.
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh
وَقَالَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: «مَنْ قَدَّمَ وَلَداً كَانَ خَيْراً لَهُ مِنْ سَبْعِينَ يُخَلِّفُهُمْ بَعْدَهُ كُلُّهُمْ قَدْ رَكِبَ اَلْخَيْلَ وَ قَاتَلَ فِي سَبِيلِ اَللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ.
Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq عليه السلام said: "Whoever loses a child (before their own passing), it is better for them than leaving behind seventy children after them, all of whom rode horses and fought in the way of Allah سبحانه وتعالى, the Exalted and Glorious."
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh
وَقَالَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ: «لاَ يَدْخُلُ اَلْجَنَّةَ رَجُلٌ لَيْسَ لَهُ فَرَطٌ» فَقَالَ لَهُ رَجُلٌ مِمَّنْ لَمْ يُولَدْ لَهُ وَ لَمْ يُقَدِّمْ وَلَداً يَا رَسُولَ اَللَّهِ أَ وَ لِكُلِّنَا فَرَطٌ فَقَالَ «نَعَمْ إِنَّ مِنْ فَرَطِ اَلرَّجُلِ اَلْمُؤْمِنِ أَخَاهُ فِي اَللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ.
The Messenger of Allah صلى الله عليه وعلى آله وسلم said: "No one will enter Paradise unless they have a farat (one who goes ahead)." A man who had no children and had not lost any asked: "O’ Messenger of Allah صلى الله عليه وعلى آله وسلم, does everyone among us have a farat?" The Prophet replied: "Yes, among the farat of a believer is their brother in faith who preceded them (in death) for the sake of Allah سبحانه وتعالى, the Exalted and Glorious."
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh
وَقَالَ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ لِفَاطِمَةَ عَلَيْهَا اَلسَّلاَمُ حِينَ قُتِلَ جَعْفَرُ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ «لاَ تَدْعِي بِذُلٍّ وَ لاَ ثَكَلٍ وَ لاَ حَرَبٍ وَ مَا قُلْتِ فِيهِ فَقَدْ صَدَقْتِ.
The Messenger of Allah صلى الله عليه وعلى آله وسلم said to Sayyida Fatimah Al-Zahra صلى الله عليه وعلى آله وسلم when Ja'far ibn Abi Talib was martyred: "Do not supplicate with (expressions of) humiliation, loss, or desolation. Whatever you have said about him is true."
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh
وَ رَوَى مِهْرَانُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ اَلصَّادِقِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «إِنَّ اَلْمَيِّتَ إِذَا مَاتَ بَعَثَ اَللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ مَلَكاً إِلَى أَوْجَعِ أَهْلِهِ عَلَيْهِ فَمَسَحَ عَلَى قَلْبِهِ فَأَنْسَاهُ لَوْعَةَ اَلْحُزْنِ لَوْ لاَ ذَلِكَ لَمْ تُعْمَرِ اَلدُّنْيَا.
it was narrated from Mehran ibn Muhammad that Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq عليه السلام said: "When a person dies, Allah سبحانه وتعالى, the Exalted and Glorious, sends an angel to the one among their family who is most deeply affected by the loss. The angel touches their heart and alleviates the intensity of grief. If it were not for this, the world would not be able to continue”.
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh
وَقَالَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ: «إِذَا قُبِضَ وَلَدُ اَلْمُؤْمِنِ وَ اَللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ بِمَا قَالَ اَلْعَبْدُ فَيَسْأَلُ اَلْمَلاَئِكَةَ قَبَضْتُمْ وَلَدَ فُلاَنٍ اَلْمُؤْمِنِ فَيَقُولُونَ نَعَمْ رَبَّنَا فَيَقُولُ فَمَا ذَا قَالَ عَبْدِيَ اَلْمُؤْمِنُ فَيَقُولُونَ حَمِدَكَ رَبَّنَا وَ اِسْتَرْجَعَ فَيَقُولُ اَللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ اِبْنُوا لَهُ بَيْتاً فِي اَلْجَنَّةِ ' وَ سَمُّوهُ بَيْتَ اَلْحَمْدِ.
The Messenger of Allah صلى الله عليه وعلى آله وسلم said: "When the child of a believer passes away, Allah سبحانه وتعالى – knowing best what His servant has said – asks the angels: 'Have you taken the child of My believing servant?' They reply: 'Yes, our Lord عز وجل.' Allah سبحانه وتعالى then asks: 'What did My servant say?' They say: "He praised You and said: "Indeed, we belong to Allah سبحانه وتعالى and to Him we will return" Then Allah سبحانه وتعالى, the Exalted, says: "'Build for My servant a house in Paradise and name it the House of Praise (Bayt al-Hamd).'"
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh
وَ لَمَّا مَاتَ إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ خَرَجَ اَلصَّادِقُ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ فَتَقَدَّمَ اَلسَّرِيرَ بِلاَ حِذَاءٍ وَ لاَ رِدَاءٍ.
When Ismail ibn Jaafar passed away, Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq عليه السلام came out and walked ahead of the bier without shoes and without an outer garment (ridā').
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh
وَ كَانَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ اَلْحُسَيْنِ عَلَيْهِمَا اَلسَّلاَمُ إِذَا رَأَى جَنَازَةً قَالَ « اَلْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ اَلَّذِي لَمْ يَجْعَلْنِي مِنَ اَلسَّوَادِ اَلْمُخْتَرَمِ.
When Imam Ali ibn Al-Hussain عليه السلام, saw a funeral procession, He would say: Alhamdulillahi alladhi lam yaj‘alni mina as-sawadi al-mukhtaram 'Praise be to Allah سبحانه وتعالى who did not make me from among those whose lives were abruptly taken'".
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh
وَقَالَ اَلصَّادِقُ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: «لَمَّا مَاتَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ رَسُولِ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ قَالَ اَلنَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ «حَزِنَّا عَلَيْكَ يَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ وَ إِنَّا لَصَابِرُونَ يَحْزَنُ اَلْقَلْبُ وَ تَدْمَعُ اَلْعَيْنُ وَ لاَ نَقُولُ مَا يُسْخِطُ اَلرَّبَّ».
Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq عليه السلام said: "When Ibrahim, the son of the Messenger of Allah صلى الله عليه وعلى آله وسلم passed away, the Prophet said: 'We are grieved by your departure, O’ Ibrahim, and we are patient. The heart is sorrowful, and the eyes shed tears, but we do not say that which displeases the Lord عز وجل.'"
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh
وَقَالَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: «إِنَّ اَلنَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ حِينَ جَاءَتْهُ وَفَاةُ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ وَ زَيْدِ بْنِ حَارِثَةَ كَانَ إِذَا دَخَلَ بَيْتَهُ كَثُرَ بُكَاؤُهُ عَلَيْهِمَا جِدّاً وَ يَقُولُ «كَانَا يُحَدِّثَانِي وَ يُؤَانِسَانِي فَذَهَبَا جَمِيعاً».
Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq عليه السلام said: "When The Prophet صلى الله عليه وعلى آله وسلم received news of the deaths of Ja'far ibn Abi Talib عليه السلام and Zayd ibn Harithah, he would weep intensely when he entered his house and would say, 'They used to converse with me and bring me comfort, and now they are both gone.'"
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh
وَقَالَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: «إِنَّ اَلْبَلاَءَ وَ اَلصَّبْرَ يَسْتَبِقَانِ إِلَى اَلْمُؤْمِنِ فَيَأْتِيهِ اَلْبَلاَءُ وَ هُوَ صَبُورٌ وَ إِنَّ اَلْجَزَعَ وَ اَلْبَلاَءَ يَسْتَبِقَانِ إِلَى اَلْكَافِرِ فَيَأْتِيهِ اَلْبَلاَءُ وَ هُوَ جَزُوعٌ.
Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq عليه السلام said: "Indeed, trials and patience race toward the believer, so when trials reach him, he is patient. But panic and trials race toward the disbeliever, so when trials reach him, he panics."
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh
وَ رُوِيَ عَنِ اَلْكَاهِلِيِّ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِأَبِي اَلْحَسَنِ مُوسَى بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِمَا اَلسَّلاَمُ إِنَّ اِمْرَأَتِي وَ أُخْتِي وَ هِيَ اِمْرَأَةُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مَارِدٍ تَخْرُجَانِ فِي اَلْمَآتِمِ فَأَنْهَاهُمَا فَقَالَتَا لِي إِنْ كَانَ حَرَاماً اِنْتَهَيْنَا عَنْهُ وَ إِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ حَرَاماً فَلِمَ تَمْنَعُنَا فَيَمْتَنِعَ اَلنَّاسُ مِنْ قَضَاءِ حُقُوقِنَا فَقَالَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ «عَنِ اَلْحُقُوقِ تَسْأَلُنِي كَانَ أَبِي عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ يَبْعَثُ أُمِّي وَ أُمَّ فَرْوَةَ تَقْضِيَانِ حُقُوقَ أَهْلِ اَلْمَدِينَةِ.
It was narrated from Al-Kahili that He said: "I said to Abu Al-Hasan Imam Musa ibn Jafar Al-Kadhim عليه السلام: ‘My wife and my sister, who is the wife of Muhammad ibn Marid, go out to mourning gatherings. I prohibited them, but they said to me, 'If it is forbidden, we will refrain, but if it is not forbidden, why do you prevent us when people refrain from fulfilling our rights (if we do not attend)?’ Imam عليه السلام replied: 'You ask me about rights? My father عليه السلام used to send my mother and Umm Farwah to fulfil the rights of the people of Medina.'
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh
وَقَالَ اَلصَّادِقُ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: «لاَ يُسْأَلُ فِي اَلْقَبْرِ إِلاَّ مَنْ مَحَضَ اَلْإِيمَانَ مَحْضاً أَوْ مَحَضَ اَلْكُفْرَ مَحْضاً وَ اَلْبَاقُونَ مَلْهُوٌّ عَنْهُمْ إِلَى يَوْمِ اَلْقِيَامَةِ.
Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq عليه السلام said: "No one will be questioned in the grave except one who has perfected their faith completely or one who has perfected disbelief completely. As for the rest, they will be left alone until the Day of Resurrection."
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh
وَ سَأَلَهُ سَمَاعَةُ بْنُ مِهْرَانَ: عَنْ زِيَارَةِ اَلْقُبُورِ وَ بِنَاءِ اَلْمَسَاجِدِ فِيهَا فَقَالَ «أَمَّا زِيَارَةُ اَلْقُبُورِ فَلاَ بَأْسَ بِهَا وَ لاَ يُبْنَى عِنْدَهَا مَسَاجِدُ.
Sama’a ibn Mehran asked Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq عليه السلام about visiting graves and building mosques around them. Imam عليه السلام replied: "There is no issue with visiting graves, but no mosques should be built around them."
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh, p. 32
وَقَالَ اَلنَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ: «لاَ تَتَّخِذُوا قَبْرِي قِبْلَةً وَ لاَ مَسْجِداً فَإِنَّ اَللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ لَعَنَ اَلْيَهُودَ حِينَ اِتَّخَذُوا قُبُورَ أَنْبِيَائِهِمْ مَسَاجِدَ.
The Prophet Muhammad صلى الله عليه وعلى آله وسلم said: "Do not take my grave as a qibla (direction of prayer) or a mosque. Indeed, Allah سبحانه وتعالى, the Exalted and Glorious, cursed the Jews when they took the graves of their prophets as places of worship."
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh
وَ سَأَلَ جَرَّاحٌ اَلْمَدَائِنِيُّ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: كَيْفَ اَلتَّسْلِيمُ عَلَى أَهْلِ اَلْقُبُورِ فَقَالَ «تَقِفُ وَ تَقُولُ: اَلسَّلاَمُ عَلَى أَهْلِ اَلدِّيَارِ مِنَ اَلْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَ اَلْمُسْلِمِينَ رَحِمَ اَللَّهُ اَلْمُسْتَقْدِمِينَ مِنَّا وَ اَلْمُسْتَأْخِرِينَ وَ إِنَّا إِنْ شَاءَ اَللَّهُ بِكُمْ لاَحِقُونَ.
Jarrah al-Mada'ini asked Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq عليه السلام about how to offer salutations to the inhabitants of the graves. Imam عليه السلام replied: "[You should stand and] say: Al-salāmu ‘alā ahli al-diyār min al-mu’minīn wa al-muslimīn, raḥima Allāhu al-mustaqdimīna minnā wa al-musta’khirīn, wa innā in shā’a Allāhu bikum lāḥiqūn 'Peace be upon the inhabitants of the dwellings (graves) from among the believers and the Muslims. May Allah سبحانه وتعالى have mercy on those of us who have gone ahead and those who will come later, and indeed, if Allah سبحانه وتعالى wills, we shall join you.'"
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh, p. 32
وَ كَانَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ إِذَا مَرَّ عَلَى اَلْقُبُورِ قَالَ «اَلسَّلاَمُ عَلَيْكُمْ مِنْ دِيَارِ قَوْمٍ مُؤْمِنِينَ وَ إِنَّا إِنْ شَاءَ اَللَّهُ بِكُمْ لاَحِقُونَ.
When the Messenger of Allah صلى الله عليه وعلى آله وسلم would pass by graves, he would say: Al-salāmu ‘alaykum min diyāri qawmin mu’minīn, wa innā in shā’a Allāhu bikum lāḥiqūn 'Peace be upon you, O’ dwellers of the homes of believers. Indeed, if Allah سبحانه وتعالى wills, we shall join you.'"
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh
وَقَالَ أَمِيرُ اَلْمُؤْمِنِينَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ لَمَّا دَخَلَ اَلْمَقَابِرَ «يَا أَهْلَ اَلتُّرْبَةِ وَ يَا أَهْلَ اَلْغُرْبَةِ أَمَّا اَلدُّورُ فَقَدْ سُكِنَتْ وَ أَمَّا اَلْأَزْوَاجُ فَقَدْ نُكِحَتْ وَ أَمَّا اَلْأَمْوَالُ فَقَدْ قُسِمَتْ، فَهَذَا خَبَرُ مَا عِنْدَنَا وَ لَيْتَ شِعْرِي مَا عِنْدَكُمْ» ثُمَّ اِلْتَفَتَ إِلَى أَصْحَابِهِ وَقَالَ «لَوْ أُذِنَ لَهُمْ فِي اَلْجَوَابِ لَقَالُوا إِنَّ «خَيْرَ اَلزّٰادِ اَلتَّقْوىٰ» »
The Commander of the Faithful Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib عليه السلام entered the graveyard, He said: "O’ inhabitants of the earth and estranged ones! As for your homes, they have been inhabited; As for your spouses, they have remarried; And as for your wealth, it has been divided. This is the news from our side ; if only I knew what news you have." Then he turned to his companions and said: "If they were permitted to respond, they would say, 'Indeed, the best provision is taqwā (God-consciousness).'"
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh
وَ وَقَفَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ عَلَى اَلْقَتْلَى بِبَدْرٍ وَ قَدْ جَمَعَهُمْ فِي قَلِيبٍ فَقَالَ «يَا أَهْلَ اَلْقَلِيبِ إِنَّا «قَدْ وَجَدْنٰا مٰا وَعَدَنٰا رَبُّنٰا حَقًّا فَهَلْ وَجَدْتُمْ مٰا وَعَدَ رَبُّكُمْ حَقًّا» » فَقَالَ اَلْمُنَافِقُونَ إِنَّ رَسُولَ اَللَّهِ يُكَلِّمُ اَلْمَوْتَى فَنَظَرَ إِلَيْهِمْ فَقَالَ «لَوْ أُذِنَ لَهُمْ فِي اَلْكَلاَمِ لَقَالُوا نَعَمْ وَ إِنَّ «خَيْرَ اَلزّٰادِ اَلتَّقْوىٰ».
The Messenger of Allah صلى الله عليه وعلى آله وسلم stood over the bodies of those killed at Badr, having gathered them into a well/pit, and said: “O’ inhabitants of the well, we have found what our Lord عز وجل promised us to be true; have you found what your Lord عز وجل promised to be true?” The hypocrites replied: "The Messenger of Allah صلى الله عليه وعلى آله وسلم is speaking to the dead?" He then turned to them and said: "If they were permitted to speak, they would say, 'Indeed, the best provision is taqwā (God-consciousness).'"
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh
وَ كَانَتْ فَاطِمَةُ عَلَيْهَا اَلسَّلاَمُ تَأْتِي قُبُورَ اَلشُّهَدَاءِ كُلَّ غَدَاةِ سَبْتٍ فَتَأْتِي قَبْرَ حَمْزَةَ فَتَتَرَحَّمُ عَلَيْهِ وَ تَسْتَغْفِرُ لَهُ.
Sayyida Fatimah Al-Zahra صلى الله عليه وعلى آله وسلم used to visit the graves of the martyrs every Saturday morning, and She would come to the grave of Hamzah عليه السلام, show mercy upon him, and seek forgiveness for him.
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh
وَقَالَ اَلصَّادِقُ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: «إِذَا دَخَلْتَ اَلْجَبَّانَةَ فَقُلِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَلَى أَهْلِ اَلْجَنَّةِ.
Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq عليه السلام said: "When you enter the graveyard, say : Al-salāmu ‘alā ahl al-jannah “Peace be upon the people of Paradise."
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh
وَقَالَ أَبُو اَلْحَسَنِ مُوسَى بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِمَا اَلسَّلاَمُ: «إِذَا دَخَلْتَ اَلْمَقَابِرَ فَطَأِ اَلْقُبُورَ فَمَنْ كَانَ مُؤْمِناً اِسْتَرْوَحَ إِلَى ذَلِكَ وَ مَنْ كَانَ مُنَافِقاً وَجَدَ أَلَمَهُ.
Abu Al-Hasan Imam Musa ibn Jafar Al-Kadhim عليه السلام said: "When you enter the graveyards, step over the graves. Whoever is a believer will find comfort from that, and whoever is a hypocrite will feel its pain."
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh
وَ رُوِيَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ اَلْمَوْتَى نَزُورُهُمْ فَقَالَ «نَعَمْ» قُلْتُ فَيَعْلَمُونَ بِنَا إِذَا أَتَيْنَاهُمْ فَقَالَ «إِي وَ اَللَّهِ إِنَّهُمْ لَيَعْلَمُونَ بِكُمْ وَ يَفْرَحُونَ بِكُمْ وَ يَسْتَأْنِسُونَ إِلَيْكُمْ» قَالَ قُلْتُ فَأَيَّ شَيْءٍ نَقُولُ إِذَا أَتَيْنَاهُمْ قَالَ «قُلِ اَللَّهُمَّ جَافِ اَلْأَرْضَ عَنْ جُنُوبِهِمْ وَ صَاعِدْ إِلَيْكَ أَرْوَاحَهُمْ وَ لَقِّهِمْ مِنْكَ رِضْوَاناً وَ أَسْكِنْ إِلَيْهِمْ مِنْ رَحْمَتِكَ مَا تَصِلُ بِهِ وَحْدَتَهُمْ وَ تُؤْنِسُ بِهِ وَحْشَتَهُمْ «إِنَّكَ عَلىٰ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ».
It was narrated from Muhammad ibn Muslim that He said: "I asked Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq عليه السلام: Do the dead know when we visit them?" Imam عليه السلام said: “Yes, by Allah سبحانه وتعالى, they know of your visits and they rejoice and find comfort in your presence” I said: "What should we say when we visit them?" Imam عليه السلام said: Say; Allahumma jāfi al-arda ‘an junūbihim, wa ṣā‘id ilayka arwāḥahum, wa laqqihim minka riḍwānan, wa askin ilayhim min raḥmatika mā taṣilu bihi waḥdatahum wa tu’nisu bihi waḥshatahum, innaka ‘alā kulli shay’in qadīr. "O’ Allah سبحانه وتعالى, make the earth light upon their sides, raise their souls to You, grant them Your pleasure, and send upon them from Your mercy that which connects their loneliness and soothes their desolation. Truly, You are powerful over all things."
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh
وَقَالَ اَلرِّضَا عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: «مَا مِنْ عَبْدٍ مُؤْمِنٍ زَارَ قَبْرَ مُؤْمِنٍ فَقَرَأَ عِنْدَهُ « إِنّٰا أَنْزَلْنٰاهُ فِي لَيْلَةِ اَلْقَدْرِ » سَبْعَ مَرَّاتٍ إِلاَّ غَفَرَ اَللَّهُ لَهُ وَ لِصَاحِبِ اَلْقَبْرِ.
Imam Ali ibn Musa Ar-Ridha عليه السلام said: "Whenever a believing servant visits the grave of a believer and recites 'Indeed, We revealed it [the Qur'an] on the Night of Qadr' Surah Al-Qadr (97:1-5) seven times, Allah سبحانه وتعالى will forgive him and the person buried in the grave”.
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh
وَ سَأَلَ إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ عَمَّارٍ أَبَا اَلْحَسَنِ اَلْأَوَّلَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: عَنِ اَلْمُؤْمِنِ يَزُورُ أَهْلَهُ فَقَالَ «نَعَمْ» قَالَ فِي كَمْ فَقَالَ «عَلَى قَدْرِ فَضَائِلِهِمْ مِنْهُمْ مَنْ يَزُورُ فِي كُلِّ يَوْمٍ وَ مِنْهُمْ مَنْ يَزُورُ فِي كُلِّ يَوْمَيْنِ وَ مِنْهُمْ مَنْ يَزُورُ فِي كُلِّ ثَلاَثَةِ أَيَّامٍ» قَالَ ثُمَّ رَأَيْتُ فِي مَجْرَى كَلاَمِهِ أَنَّهُ يَقُولُ «أَدْنَاهُمْ جُمْعَةً » فَقَالَ لَهُ فِي أَيِّ سَاعَةٍ قَالَ «عِنْدَ زَوَالِ اَلشَّمْسِ أَوْ قُبَيْلَ ذَلِكَ فَيَبْعَثُ اَللَّهُ مَعَهُ مَلَكاً يُرِيهِ مَا يَسُرُّ بِهِ وَ يَسْتُرُ عَنْهُ مَا يَكْرَهُهُ فَيَرَى سُرُوراً وَ يَرْجِعُ إِلَى قُرَّةِ عَيْنٍ.
Ishaq ibn Ammar asked Abu Al-Hasan al-Awwal, Imam Musa ibn Jafar Al-Kadhim عليه السلام about whether a believer visits their family (after death). Imam عليه السلام replied: "Yes." He (Ishaq) asked: ‘How often?’ The Imam said: "It depends on their level of virtue; some visit every day, some every two days, and some every three days." He then noted, "The least frequent among them visit once a week." He (Ishaq) then asked Him: "At what time?" Imam عليه السلام replied: "At the time of the sun's decline (midday) or just before that. Allah سبحانه وتعالى sends with them an angel who shows them what pleases them and conceals from them what they dislike, so they see joy and return to a state of contentment”.
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh
وَ رَوَى حَفْصُ بْنُ اَلْبَخْتَرِيُّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: «أَنَّ اَلْكَافِرَ يَزُورُ أَهْلَهُ فَيَرَى مَا يَكْرَهُهُ وَ يُسْتَرُ عَنْهُ مَا يُحِبُّ.
Hafs ibn al-Bakhtari narrated from Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq عليه السلام: "Indeed, the disbeliever visits their family and sees what displeases them, while what they would like is concealed from them (by the accompanying angels)."
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh, p. 32
وَقَالَ صَفْوَانُ بْنُ يَحْيَى لِأَبِي اَلْحَسَنِ مُوسَى بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِمَا اَلسَّلاَمُ: بَلَغَنِي أَنَّ اَلْمُؤْمِنَ إِذَا أَتَاهُ اَلزَّائِرُ آنَسَ بِهِ فَإِذَا اِنْصَرَفَ عَنْهُ اِسْتَوْحَشَ فَقَالَ «لاَ يَسْتَوْحِشُ.
Safwan ibn Yahya said to Abu Al-Hasan Imam Musa ibn Jafar Al-Kadhim عليه السلام: "I have heard that when a believer is visited by someone (at their grave), they are comforted by their presence, but when the visitor leaves, they feel lonely." Imam عليه السلام replied: "They do not feel lonely."
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh, p. 32
وَقَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: «يُصْنَعُ لِلْمَيِّتِ مَأْتَمٌ ثَلاَثَةَ أَيَّامٍ مِنْ يَوْمَ مَاتَ.
Imam al-Baqir عليه السلام said: "A mourning gathering (ma'tam) is to be held for the deceased for three days from the day of their death."
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh
وَ أَوْصَى أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ بِثَمَانِمِائَةِ دِرْهَمٍ لِمَأْتَمِهِ وَ كَانَ يَرَى ذَلِكَ لِلسُّنَّةِ لِأَنَّ رَسُولَ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ قَالَ «اِتَّخِذُوا لآِلِ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ طَعَاماً فَقَدْ شُغِلُوا.
Imam al-Baqir عليه السلام made a will specifying 800 dirhams to be used for his mourning gathering (ma'tam), as he saw this as part of the tradition (sunnah). This was because the Messenger of Allah صلى الله عليه وعلى آله وسلم said: "Prepare food for the family of Ja'far ibn Abi Talib, for they are preoccupied [by their loss]."
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh
وَ أَوْصَى أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ أَنْ يُنْدَبَ فِي اَلْمَوَاسِمِ عَشْرَ سِنِينَ.
Imam al-Baqir عليه السلام willed that he be lamented (mourned) during special gatherings for ten years.
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh
وَقَالَ اَلصَّادِقُ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: «اَلْأَكْلُ عِنْدَ أَهْلِ اَلْمُصِيبَةِ مِنْ عَمَلِ أَهْلِ اَلْجَاهِلِيَّةِ وَ اَلسُّنَّةُ اَلْبَعْثُ إِلَيْهِمْ بِالطَّعَامِ كَمَا أَمَرَ بِهِ اَلنَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ فِي آلِ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ لَمَّا جَاءَ نَعْيُهُ.
Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq عليه السلام said: "Eating [a meal] at the home of those afflicted with a loss is from the practices of the people of the pre-Islamic era (Jahiliya), The sunnah (tradition) is to send food to them, as The Prophet صلى الله عليه وعلى آله وسلم ordered when the news of Ja'far ibn Abi Talib’s عليه السلام martyrdom came”.
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh
وَقَالَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: لَمَّا قُتِلَ جَعْفَرُ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ ' أَمَرَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ فَاطِمَةَ عَلَيْهَا اَلسَّلاَمُ أَنْ تَأْتِيَ أَسْمَاءَ بِنْتَ عُمَيْسٍ وَ نِسَاءَهَا وَ أَنْ تَصْنَعَ لَهُمْ طَعَاماً ثَلاَثَةَ أَيَّامٍ فَجَرَتْ بِذَلِكَ اَلسُّنَّةُ.
When Ja'far ibn Abi Talib عليه السلام was killed, the Messenger of Allah صلى الله عليه وعلى آله وسلم instructed Sayyida Fatimah Al-Zahra صلى الله عليه وعلى آله وسلم to go to Asma' bint Umays and her womenfolk and to prepare food for them for three days. Thus, this practice became a sunnah (tradition).
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh
وَقَالَ اَلصَّادِقُ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: «لَيْسَ لِأَحَدٍ أَنْ يُحِدَّ أَكْثَرَ مِنْ ثَلاَثَةِ أَيَّامٍ إِلاَّ اَلْمَرْأَةَ عَلَى زَوْجِهَا حَتَّى تَنْقَضِيَ عِدَّتُهَا.
Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq عليه السلام said: "No one should observe mourning (ḥidād) for more than three days, except for a woman mourning her husband, as She must continue her mourning until the completion of her 'iddah (waiting period).”
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh
وَ سُئِلَ: عَنْ أَجْرِ اَلنَّائِحَةِ فَقَالَ «لاَ بَأْسَ بِهِ وَ قَدْ نِيحَ عَلَى رَسُولِ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ.
Imam عليه السلام said was asked about the reward (ajr) of the mourning woman (nā’iḥah), Imam عليه السلام said: "There is no issue with it, for mourning (niyaḥah) was done for the Messenger of Allah صلى الله عليه وعلى آله وسلم."
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh
وَ رُوِيَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «لاَ بَأْسَ بِكَسْبِ اَلنَّائِحَةِ إِذَا قَالَتْ صِدْقاً. وَ فِي خَبَرٍ آخَرَ قَالَ: «تَسْتَحِلُّهُ بِضَرْبِ إِحْدَى يَدَيْهَا عَلَى اَلْأُخْرَى.
It was narrated that Imam عليه السلام said: "There is no issue with the earnings of the mourning woman (nā’iḥah) if She speaks truthfully." In another narration, Imam عليه السلام said: "She justifies it (her earnings) by striking one of her hands on the other."
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh
وَ لَمَّا اِنْصَرَفَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ مِنْ وَقْعَةِ أُحُدٍ إِلَى اَلْمَدِينَةِ سَمِعَ مِنْ كُلِّ دَارٍ قُتِلَ مِنْ أَهْلِهَا قَتِيلٌ نَوْحاً وَ بُكَاءً وَ لَمْ يَسْمَعْ مِنْ دَارِ حَمْزَةَ عَمِّهِ فَقَالَ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ «لَكِنَّ حَمْزَةَ لاَ بَوَاكِيَ لَهُ» فَآلَى أَهْلُ اَلْمَدِينَةِ أَنْ لاَ يَنُوحُوا عَلَى مَيِّتٍ وَ لاَ يَبْكُوهُ حَتَّى يَبْدَءُوا بِحَمْزَةَ فَيَنُوحُوا عَلَيْهِ وَ يَبْكُوهُ فَهُمْ إِلَى اَلْيَوْمِ عَلَى ذَلِكَ.
When the Messenger of Allah صلى الله عليه وعلى آله وسلم returned to Medina after the Battle of Uhud, he heard mourning and weeping from every house in which someone had been killed. However, he did not hear mourning from the house of Hamza, his uncle. The Prophet صلى الله عليه وعلى آله وسلم then said: "But Hamza has no mourners." The people of Medina swore that they would not mourn or weep over any deceased until they began with mourning and weeping for Hamza. To this day, they continue this tradition.
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh
وَقَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ: قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ يُصَلَّى عَنِ اَلْمَيِّتِ فَقَالَ «نَعَمْ حَتَّى إِنَّهُ لَيَكُونُ فِي ضِيقٍ فَيُوَسِّعُ اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ ذَلِكَ اَلضِّيقَ ثُمَّ يُؤْتَى فَيُقَالُ لَهُ خُفِّفَ عَنْكَ هَذَا اَلضِّيقُ بِصَلاَةِ فُلاَنٍ أَخِيكَ عَنْكَ» قَالَ فَقُلْتُ لَهُ فَأُشْرِكُ بَيْنَ رَجُلَيْنِ فِي رَكْعَتَيْنِ قَالَ «نَعَمْ» فَقَالَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ «إِنَّ اَلْمَيِّتَ لَيَفْرَحُ بِالتَّرَحُّمِ عَلَيْهِ وَ اَلاِسْتِغْفَارِ لَهُ كَمَا يَفْرَحُ اَلْحَيُّ بِالْهَدِيَّةِ تُهْدَى إِلَيْهِ.
Omar ibn Yazid said: I asked Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq عليه السلام whether it is permissible to pray on behalf of a deceased person. Imam عليه السلام replied: "Yes, even to the extent that if the deceased is in difficulty, Allah سبحانه وتعالى will alleviate that difficulty through the prayer of his brother for him. Then it is said to the deceased, 'Your difficulty has been eased by the prayer of such-and-such, your brother, on your behalf.'" I then asked: "Can I include two people in one set of two units of prayer?" Imam عليه السلام replied: "Yes." He عليه السلام also said: "The deceased rejoices in mercy and forgiveness offered on his behalf just as the living person rejoices in a gift given to him."
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh, p. 32
ويجوز أن يجعل الرجل حجته أو عمرته أو بعض صلاته أو بعض طوافه لبعض أوله وهو ميت وينتفع به حتى أنه ليكون مسخوطا عليه فيغفر له، ويكون مضيقا عليه فيوسع له، ويعلم الميت بذلك، ولو أن رجلا فعل ذلك عن ناصب لخفف عنه، والبر والصلة والحج يجعل للميت والحي، فأما الصلاة فلا تجوز عن الحي.
It is permissible to perform pilgrimage (Hajj or Umrah), prayer, or circumambulation (Tawaf) on behalf of a deceased person, and they benefit from it—even if the deceased was under divine displeasure, they may be forgiven or have their hardship relieved through such actions. The deceased is made aware of these acts. Even performing these acts for an adversary (nāṣib) could lessen their burden. Acts of piety, connection, and Hajj can be performed for both the living and the dead, but prayer on behalf of a living person is not permitted.
وَقَالَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: «سِتَّةٌ يَلْحَقْنَ اَلْمُؤْمِنَ بَعْدَ وَفَاتِهِ وَلَدٌ يَسْتَغْفِرُ لَهُ وَ مُصْحَفٌ يُخَلِّفُهُ وَ غَرْسٌ يَغْرِسُهُ وَ صَدَقَةُ مَاءٍ يُجْرِيهِ وَ قَلِيبٌ يَحْفِرُهُ وَ سُنَّةٌ يُؤْخَذُ بِهَا مِنْ بَعْدِهِ.
Imam عليه السلام said: "Six things follow a believer after his death: a child who seeks forgiveness for him, a Quran he leaves behind, a tree he plants, a charity of water he provides, a well he digs, and a good tradition that is acted upon after him."
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh
وَقَالَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: «مَنْ عَمِلَ مِنَ اَلْمُسْلِمِينَ عَنْ مَيِّتٍ عَمَلاً صَالِحاً أُضْعِفَ لَهُ أَجْرُهُ وَ نَفَعَ اَللَّهُ بِهِ اَلْمَيِّتَ.
Imam عليه السلام said: "Whoever from among the Muslims performs a good deed on behalf of a deceased person, their reward will be multiplied, and Allah سبحانه وتعالى will benefit the deceased through it."
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh
وَقَالَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: «يَدْخُلُ عَلَى اَلْمَيِّتِ فِي قَبْرِهِ اَلصَّلاَةُ وَ اَلصَّوْمُ وَ اَلْحَجُّ وَ اَلصَّدَقَةُ وَ اَلْبِرُّ وَ اَلدُّعَاءُ وَ يُكْتَبُ أَجْرُهُ لِلَّذِي يَفْعَلُهُ وَ لِلْمَيِّتِ.
Imam عليه السلام said: "Prayer, fasting, pilgrimage, charity, righteousness, and supplication enter upon the deceased in their grave, and the reward is written for both the one who performs these deeds and the deceased."
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh
وَ لَمَّا مَاتَ ذَرُّ بْنُ أَبِي ذَرٍّ رَحْمَةُ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ وَقَفَ أَبُو ذَرٍّ عَلَى قَبْرِهِ فَمَسَحَ اَلْقَبْرَ بِيَدِهِ ثُمَّ قَالَ «رَحِمَكَ اَللَّهُ يَا ذَرُّ وَ اَللَّهِ إِنْ كُنْتَ بِي لَبَرّاً وَ لَقَدْ قُبِضْتَ وَ إِنِّي عَنْكَ لَرَاضٍ وَ اَللَّهِ مَا بِي فَقْدُكَ وَ مَا عَلَيَّ مِنْ غَضَاضَةٍ وَ مَا لِي إِلَى أَحَدٍ سِوَى اَللَّهِ مِنْ حَاجَةٍ وَ لَوْ لاَ هَوْلُ اَلْمُطَّلَعِ لَسَرَّنِي أَنْ أَكُونَ مَكَانَكَ وَ لَقَدْ شَغَلَنِي اَلْحُزْنُ لَكَ عَنِ اَلْحُزْنِ عَلَيْكَ وَ اَللَّهِ مَا بَكَيْتُ لَكَ وَ لَكِنْ بَكَيْتُ عَلَيْكَ فَلَيْتَ شِعْرِي مَا قُلْتَ وَ مَا قِيلَ لَكَ: اَللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي قَدْ وَهَبْتُ لَهُ مَا اِفْتَرَضْتَ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ حَقِّي فَهَبْ لَهُ مَا اِفْتَرَضْتَ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ حَقِّكَ فَأَنْتَ أَحَقُّ بِالْجُودِ مِنِّي وَ اَلْكَرَمِ.
When Dhar ibn Abi Dhar, passed away, Abu Dharr stood by his grave, touched it with his hand, and said: "May Allah سبحانه وتعالى have mercy on you, O’ Dhar. By Allah سبحانه وتعالى, you were righteous toward me. You were taken from me while I am content with you. By Allah سبحانه وتعالى, I have not felt your loss as a disgrace, nor have I sought from anyone besides Allah سبحانه وتعالى any need. Were it not for the terror of the grave and its trials, I would have been pleased to be in your place. Sorrow for you has preoccupied me from sorrow over your loss. By Allah سبحانه وتعالى, I did not cry for you but for myself over you. I wonder what you said and what was said to you. O’ Allah سبحانه وتعالى, I have forgiven him what was due to me of rights. Grant him what is due from You, for You are more worthy of generosity and grace."
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh
Commentary #1