The Prayer for Eclipses, Earthquakes, Winds, and Oppression and Their Causes
Man Lā Yaḥḍuruh al-Faqīh|Volume 1|Book 1|Chapter 81
Man Lā Yaḥḍuruh al-Faqīh
Book 1, Chapter 81
The Prayer for Eclipses, Earthquakes, Winds, and Oppression and Their Causes
27 hadiths · 5 commentaries
قَالَ سَيِّدُ اَلْعَابِدِينَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ اَلْحُسَيْنِ عَلَيْهِمَا اَلسَّلاَمُ: «إِنَّ مِنَ اَلْآيَاتِ اَلَّتِي قَدَّرَهَا اَللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ لِلنَّاسِ مِمَّا يَحْتَاجُونَ إِلَيْهِ اَلْبَحْرَ اَلَّذِي خَلَقَهُ اَللَّهُ بَيْنَ اَلسَّمَاءِ وَ اَلْأَرْضِ قَالَ وَ إِنَّ اَللَّهَ تَبَارَكَ وتَعَالَى قَدْ قَدَّرَ مِنْهَا مَجَارِيَ اَلشَّمْسِ وَ اَلْقَمَرِ وَ اَلنُّجُومِ وَ قَدَّرَ ذَلِكَ كُلَّهُ عَلَى اَلْفَلَكِ ثُمَّ وَكَّلَ بِالْفَلَكِ مَلَكاً مَعَهُ سَبْعُونَ أَلْفَ مَلَكٍ فَهُمْ يُدِيرُونَ اَلْفَلَكَ فَإِذَا أَدَارُوهُ دَارَتِ اَلشَّمْسُ وَ اَلْقَمَرُ وَ اَلنُّجُومُ مَعَهُ فَنَزَلَتْ فِي مَنَازِلِهَا اَلَّتِي قَدَّرَهَا اَللَّهُ تَعَالَى لِيَوْمِهَا وَ لَيْلَتِهَا فَإِذَا كَثُرَتْ ذُنُوبُ اَلْعِبَادِ وَ أَحَبَّ اَللَّهُ أَنْ يَسْتَعْتِبَهُمْ بِآيَةٍ مِنْ آيَاتِهِ أَمَرَ اَلْمَلَكَ اَلْمُوَكَّلَ بِالْفَلَكِ أَنْ يُزِيلَ اَلْفَلَكَ عَنْ مَجَارِيهِ» قَالَ «فَيَأْمُرُ اَلْمَلَكُ اَلسَّبْعِينَ أَلْفَ اَلْمَلَكِ أَنْ أَزِيلُوا اَلْفَلَكَ عَنْ مَجَارِيهِ» قَالَ «فَيُزِيلُونَهُ فَتَصِيرُ اَلشَّمْسُ فِي ذَلِكَ اَلْبَحْرِ اَلَّذِي كَانَ فِيهِ اَلْفَلَكُ فَيَنْطَمِسُ ضَوْؤُهَا وَ يَتَغَيَّرُ لَوْنُهَا فَإِذَا أَرَادَ اَللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ أَنْ يُعَظِّمَ اَلْآيَةَ غُمِسَتْ فِي اَلْبَحْرِ عَلَى مَا يُحِبُّ أَنْ يُخَوِّفَ عِبَادَهُ بِالْآيَةِ» قَالَ «وَ ذَلِكَ عِنْدَ اِنْكِسَافِ اَلشَّمْسِ وَ كَذَلِكَ يُفْعَلُ بِالْقَمَرِ فَإِذَا أَرَادَ اَللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ أَنْ يُجَلِّيَهَا وَ يَرُدَّهَا إِلَى مَجْرَاهَا أَمَرَ اَلْمَلَكَ اَلْمُوَكَّلَ بِالْفَلَكِ أَنْ يَرُدَّ اَلْفَلَكَ عَلَى مَجْرَاهُ فَيَرُدُّ اَلْفَلَكَ وَ تَرْجِعُ اَلشَّمْسُ إِلَى مَجْرَاهَا» قَالَ «فَتَخْرُجُ مِنَ اَلْمَاءِ وَ هِيَ كَدِرَةٌ وَ اَلْقَمَرُ مِثْلُ ذَلِكَ» قَالَ ثُمَّ قَالَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ اَلْحُسَيْنِ عَلَيْهِمَا اَلسَّلاَمُ «أَمَا إِنَّهُ لاَ يَفْزَعُ لِلْآيَتَيْنِ وَ لاَ يَرْهَبُ إِلاَّ مَنْ كَانَ مِنْ شِيعَتِنَا فَإِذَا كَانَ ذَلِكَ مِنْهُمَا فَافْزَعُوا إِلَى اَللَّهِ تَعَالَى وَ رَاجِعُوهُ.
Imam Zain al-Abidin Ali ibn al-Hussein عليه السلام said: "Among the signs that Allah سبحانه وتعالى, the Mighty and Glorious, has decreed for people and that they are in need of is the sea which Allah سبحانه وتعالى created between the sky and the earth." Imam عليه السلام continued, "Indeed, Allah سبحانه وتعالى, Blessed and Exalted, has arranged within it the courses of the sun, the moon, and the stars, and He has placed all of these upon a celestial sphere. He has assigned an angel to this sphere, along with seventy thousand other angels, and they rotate the sphere. When they cause it to rotate, the sun, moon, and stars also rotate with it, moving into the positions that Allah سبحانه وتعالى has ordained for them for each day and night. When the sins of the servants increase and Allah سبحانه وتعالى wills to warn them with a sign from His signs, He commands the angel in charge of the celestial sphere to move it from its usual course." Imam عليه السلام said: "The angel commands the seventy thousand angels to shift the sphere from its course." Imam عليه السلام added, "As a result, the sun descends into the sea where the celestial sphere is, causing its light to be obscured and its color to change. If Allah سبحانه وتعالى, the Mighty and Glorious, wills to make the sign more significant, He immerses it further into the sea, as He desires to instill fear in His servants with this sign." Imam عليه السلام continued, "This happens during a solar eclipse, and the same occurs with the moon. When Allah سبحانه وتعالى, the Mighty and Glorious, wills to reveal and return it to its course, He commands the angel in charge of the sphere to restore it. The angel then returns it to its course, and the sun emerges from the water, appearing dim, and the moon experiences the same." Then, Imam Zain al-Abidin Ali ibn al-Hussein said: "No one becomes fearful of these signs or is filled with awe except those who are from our followers. When such signs occur, seek refuge with Allah سبحانه وتعالى the Exalted and turn to Him."
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh
وَ قَدْ قَالَ اَلنَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ: «إِنَّ اَلشَّمْسَ وَ اَلْقَمَرَ آيَتَانِ مِنْ آيَاتِ اَللَّهِ يَجْرِيَانِ بِتَقْدِيرِهِ وَ يَنْتَهِيَانِ إِلَى أَمْرِهِ وَ لاَ يَنْكَسِفَانِ لِمَوْتِ أَحَدٍ وَ لاَ لِحَيَاةِ أَحَدٍ فَإِذَا اِنْكَسَفَ أَحَدُهُمَا فَبَادِرُوا إِلَى مَسَاجِدِكُمْ.
The Prophet صلى الله عليه وعلى آله وسلم said: "Indeed, the sun and the moon are two signs from among the signs of Allah سبحانه وتعالى. They move according to His decree and stop according to His command. They do not eclipse due to the death or life of anyone. So, when one of them eclipses, hasten to your mosques."
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh
وَ اِنْكَسَفَتِ اَلشَّمْسُ عَلَى عَهْدِ أَمِيرِ اَلْمُؤْمِنِينَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ فَصَلَّى بِهِمْ حَتَّى كَانَ اَلرَّجُلُ يَنْظُرُ إِلَى اَلرَّجُلِ قَدِ اِبْتَلَّتْ قَدَمُهُ مِنْ عَرَقِهِ.
The sun was eclipsed during the time of Amir al-Mu'minin عليه السلام, and he led the people in prayer until a man could see another man whose feet were soaked with sweat.
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh
وَ سَأَلَ عَبْدُ اَلرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ اَلصَّادِقَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: عَنِ اَلرِّيحِ وَ اَلظُّلْمَةِ تَكُونُ فِي اَلسَّمَاءِ وَ اَلْكُسُوفِ فَقَالَ اَلصَّادِقُ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ «صَلاَتُهُمَا سَوَاءٌ.
Abdul-Rahman ibn Abi Abdullah asked Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq عليه السلام about windstorms, darkness in the sky, and eclipses. Imam عليه السلام replied: "The prayer for all of them is the same”.
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh, p. 73
وَ فِي اَلْعِلَلِ اَلَّتِي ذَكَرَهَا اَلْفَضْلُ بْنُ شَاذَانَ رَحِمَهُ اَللَّهُ عَنِ اَلرِّضَا عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: «وَ إِنَّمَا جُعِلَتْ لِلْكُسُوفِ صَلاَةٌ لِأَنَّهُ مِنْ آيَاتِ اَللَّهِ تَبَارَكَ وتَعَالَى لاَ يُدْرَى أَ لِرَحْمَةٍ ظَهَرَتْ أَمْ لِعَذَابٍ فَأَحَبَّ اَلنَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ أَنْ تَفْزَعَ أُمَّتُهُ إِلَى خَالِقِهَا وَ رَاحِمِهَا عِنْدَ ذَلِكَ لِيَصْرِفَ عَنْهُمْ شَرَّهَا وَ يَقِيَهُمْ مَكْرُوهَهَا كَمَا صَرَفَ عَنْ قَوْمِ يُونُسَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ حِينَ تَضَرَّعُوا إِلَى اَللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ وَ إِنَّمَا جُعِلَتْ عَشْرَ رَكَعَاتٍ لِأَنَّ أَصْلَ اَلصَّلاَةِ اَلَّتِي نَزَلَ فَرْضُهَا مِنَ اَلسَّمَاءِ أَوَّلاً فِي اَلْيَوْمِ وَ اَللَّيْلَةِ إِنَّمَا هِيَ عَشْرُ رَكَعَاتٍ فَجُمِعَتْ تِلْكَ اَلرَّكَعَاتُ هَاهُنَا وَ إِنَّمَا جُعِلَ فِيهَا اَلسُّجُودُ لِأَنَّهُ لاَ تَكُونُ صَلاَةٌ فِيهَا رُكُوعٌ إِلاَّ وَ فِيهَا سُجُودٌ وَ لِأَنْ يَخْتِمُوا صَلاَتَهُمْ أَيْضاً بِالسُّجُودِ وَ اَلْخُضُوعِ وَ إِنَّمَا جُعِلَتْ أَرْبَعَ سَجَدَاتٍ لِأَنَّ كُلَّ صَلاَةٍ نَقَصَ سُجُودُهَا مِنْ أَرْبَعِ سَجَدَاتٍ لاَ تَكُونُ صَلاَةً لِأَنَّ أَقَلَّ اَلْفَرْضِ مِنَ اَلسُّجُودِ فِي اَلصَّلاَةِ لاَ يَكُونُ إِلاَّ أَرْبَعَ سَجَدَاتٍ وَ إِنَّمَا لَمْ يُجْعَلْ بَدَلَ اَلرُّكُوعِ سُجُودٌ لِأَنَّ اَلصَّلاَةَ قَائِماً أَفْضَلُ مِنَ اَلصَّلاَةِ قَاعِداً وَ لِأَنَّ اَلْقَائِمَ يَرَى اَلْكُسُوفَ وَ اَلْأَعْلَى وَ اَلسَّاجِدَ لاَ يَرَى وَ إِنَّمَا غُيِّرَتْ عَنْ أَصْلِ اَلصَّلاَةِ اَلَّتِي اِفْتَرَضَهَا اَللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ لِأَنَّهُ تُصَلَّى لِعِلَّةِ تَغَيُّرِ أَمْرٍ مِنَ اَلْأُمُورِ وَ هُوَ اَلْكُسُوفُ فَلَمَّا تَغَيَّرَتِ اَلْعِلَّةُ تَغَيَّرَ اَلْمَعْلُولُ.
In the explanations attributed to al-Fadl ibn Shadhan, narrated from Imam al-Ridha عليه السلام, He said: "The prayer for the eclipse was instituted because it is one of the signs of Allah سبحانه وتعالى, Blessed and Exalted, and it is not known whether it appeared as a mercy or as a punishment. Therefore, The Prophet صلى الله عليه وعلى آله وسلم wanted his community to turn in supplication to their Creator and Merciful Lord عز وجل at such moments so that He might avert its harm from them and protect them from its displeasure, just as He protected the people of Yunus (Jonah) when they turned to Allah سبحانه وتعالى, the Mighty and Glorious, in supplication." He continued: "It was established with ten units of prayer because the original prayer, whose obligation was revealed from the heavens, initially consisted of ten units during the day and night, so these units were combined here. The inclusion of prostration is because any prayer that contains bowing must also contain prostration, and it serves to conclude their prayer with submission and humility. Four prostrations were specified because any prayer lacking four prostrations cannot be considered a valid prayer, as the minimum obligatory prostrations in a prayer are four. The reason that bowing (Ruku') was not substituted with prostration is that prayer standing up is superior to prayer sitting down, and because one standing can witness the eclipse above, whereas one in prostration cannot see it." He added: "The prayer for the eclipse was altered from the original form of prayer that Allah سبحانه وتعالى, the Mighty and Glorious, had prescribed because it is performed due to a change in one of the natural phenomena, the eclipse. When the cause changes, the practice associated with it changes accordingly."
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh
وَقَالَ اَلصَّادِقُ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: «إِنَّ ذَا اَلْقَرْنَيْنِ لَمَّا اِنْتَهَى إِلَى اَلسَّدِّ جَاوَزَهُ فَدَخَلَ فِي اَلظُّلُمَاتِ فَإِذَا هُوَ بِمَلَكٍ قَائِمٍ عَلَى جَبَلٍ طُولُهُ خَمْسُمِائَةِ ذِرَاعٍ فَقَالَ لَهُ اَلْمَلَكُ يَا ذَا اَلْقَرْنَيْنِ أَ مَا كَانَ خَلْفَكَ مَسْلَكٌ فَقَالَ لَهُ ذُو اَلْقَرْنَيْنِ مَنْ أَنْتَ قَالَ أَنَا مَلَكٌ مِنْ مَلاَئِكَةِ اَلرَّحْمَنِ مُوَكَّلٌ بِهَذَا اَلْجَبَلِ وَ لَيْسَ مِنْ جَبَلٍ خَلَقَهُ اَللَّهُ إِلاَّ وَ لَهُ عِرْقٌ مُتَّصِلٌ بِهَذَا اَلْجَبَلِ فَإِذَا أَرَادَ اَللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ أَنْ يُزَلْزِلَ مَدِينَةً أَوْحَى إِلَيَّ فَزَلْزَلْتُهَا.
Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq عليه السلام said: "When Dhu al-Qarnayn reached the barrier (the wall), he passed beyond it and entered the darkness. There, he encountered an angel standing upon a mountain whose height was five hundred cubits. The angel said to him, 'O’ Dhu al-Qarnayn, was there no way back behind you?' Dhu al-Qarnayn asked: 'Who are you?' The angel replied: 'I am an angel from among the angels of the Most Merciful, assigned to this mountain. There is no mountain that Allah سبحانه وتعالى has created except that it has a root connected to this mountain. When Allah سبحانه وتعالى, the Mighty and Glorious, intends to cause an earthquake in a city, He commands me, and I cause it to quake.'"
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh
وقد تكون الزلزلة من غير ذلك.
Earthquakes can also occur due to other causes.
وَقَالَ اَلصَّادِقُ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: «إِنَّ اَللَّهَ تَبَارَكَ وتَعَالَى خَلَقَ اَلْأَرْضَ فَأَمَرَ اَلْحُوتَ فَحَمَلَتْهَا فَقَالَتْ حَمَلْتُهَا بِقُوَّتِي فَبَعَثَ اَللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ إِلَيْهَا حُوتاً قَدْرَ فِتْرٍ فَدَخَلَتْ فِي مَنْخِرِهَا فَاضْطَرَبَتْ أَرْبَعِينَ صَبَاحاً فَإِذَا أَرَادَ اَللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ أَنْ يُزَلْزِلَ أَرْضاً تَرَاءَتْ لَهَا تِلْكَ اَلْحُوتَةُ اَلصَّغِيرَةُ فَزَلْزَلَتِ اَلْأَرْضَ فَرَقاً.
Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq عليه السلام said: "Allah سبحانه وتعالى, Blessed and Exalted, created the earth and commanded a great whale to carry it. The whale said: 'I carry it by my strength.' So, Allah سبحانه وتعالى, the Mighty and Glorious, sent a smaller whale, the size of a fingertip, which entered its nostril, causing it to thrash and struggle for forty days. Whenever Allah سبحانه وتعالى, the Mighty and Glorious, wills to cause an earthquake, that small whale appears before the larger whale, and the earth trembles out of fear."
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh
وقد تكون الزلزلة من غير هذا الوجه.
Earthquakes can also occur due to other causes.
وَقَالَ اَلصَّادِقُ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: «إِنَّ اَللَّهَ تَبَارَكَ وتَعَالَى أَمَرَ اَلْحُوتَ بِحَمْلِ اَلْأَرْضِ وَ كُلُّ بَلَدٍ مِنَ اَلْبُلْدَانِ عَلَى فَلْسٍ مِنْ فُلُوسِهِ فَإِذَا أَرَادَ اَللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ أَنْ يُزَلْزِلَ أَرْضاً أَمَرَ اَلْحُوتَ أَنْ يُحَرِّكَ ذَلِكَ اَلْفَلْسَ فَيُحَرِّكُهُ وَ لَوْ رُفِعَ اَلْفَلْسُ لاَنْقَلَبَتِ اَلْأَرْضُ بِإِذْنِ اَللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ.
Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq عليه السلام said: "Allah سبحانه وتعالى, Blessed and Exalted, commanded the whale to carry the earth, and each land among the lands rests on one of its scales. When Allah سبحانه وتعالى, the Mighty and Glorious, wills to cause an earthquake in a land, He commands the whale to move that specific scale, and it moves. If the scale were lifted, the earth would be overturned by the permission of Allah سبحانه وتعالى, the Mighty and Glorious."
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh
والزلزلة قد تكون من هذه الوجوه الثلاثة وليست هذه الأخبار بمختلفة.
Earthquakes can occur due to these three causes, and these narrations are not contradictory.
وَ سَأَلَ سُلَيْمَانُ اَلدَّيْلَمِيُّ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: عَنِ اَلزَّلْزَلَةِ مَا هِيَ فَقَالَ «آيَةٌ» فَقَالَ وَ مَا سَبَبُهَا قَالَ «إِنَّ اَللَّهَ تَبَارَكَ وتَعَالَى وَكَّلَ بِعُرُوقِ اَلْأَرْضِ مَلَكاً فَإِذَا أَرَادَ اَللَّهُ أَنْ يُزَلْزِلَ أَرْضاً أَوْحَى إِلَى ذَلِكَ اَلْمَلَكِ أَنْ حَرِّكْ عِرْقَ كَذَا وَ كَذَا» قَالَ «فَيُحَرِّكُ ذَلِكَ اَلْمَلَكُ عِرْقَ تِلْكَ اَلْأَرْضِ اَلَّتِي أَمَرَ اَللَّهُ تَبَارَكَ وتَعَالَى فَتَتَحَرَّكُ بِأَهْلِهَا» قَالَ قُلْتُ فَإِذَا كَانَ ذَلِكَ فَمَا أَصْنَعُ قَالَ «صَلِّ صَلاَةَ اَلْكُسُوفِ فَإِذَا فَرَغْتَ خَرَرْتَ لِلَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ سَاجِداً وَ تَقُولُ فِي سُجُودِكَ يَا مَنْ «يُمْسِكُ اَلسَّمٰاوٰاتِ وَ اَلْأَرْضَ أَنْ تَزُولاٰ وَ لَئِنْ زٰالَتٰا إِنْ أَمْسَكَهُمٰا مِنْ أَحَدٍ مِنْ بَعْدِهِ إِنَّهُ كٰانَ حَلِيماً غَفُوراً» يَا مَنْ «يُمْسِكُ اَلسَّمٰاءَ أَنْ تَقَعَ عَلَى اَلْأَرْضِ إِلاّٰ بِإِذْنِهِ» أَمْسِكْ عَنَّا اَلسُّوءَ «إِنَّكَ عَلىٰ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ».
Sulaiman al-Daylami asked Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq عليه السلام about earthquakes and what they are. Imam عليه السلام said: "It is a sign." Sulaiman then asked: "What is its cause?" Imam عليه السلام said: "Allah سبحانه وتعالى, Blessed and Exalted, has assigned an angel to the veins (roots) of the earth. When Allah سبحانه وتعالى wishes to cause an earthquake in a land, He commands that angel to move a specific vein." Imam continued, "The angel moves that vein of the land which Allah سبحانه وتعالى has commanded, and it shakes along with its inhabitants." Sulaiman asked: "What should I do when that happens?" Imam عليه السلام replied: "Pray the Prayer of the Eclipse (Salat al-Kusuf), and when you have completed it, fall into prostration to Allah سبحانه وتعالى, the Mighty and Glorious, and say in your prostration: Yumsiku as-samāwāti wa al-arḍa an tazūlā, wa la’in zālatā in amsakahumā min aḥadin min ba‘dihi, innahu kāna ḥalīman ghafūrā.Yā man "yumsiku as-samā’a an taqa‘a ‘ala al-arḍi illa bi-idhnihi," amsik ‘annā as-sū’a innaka ‘alā kulli shay’in qadīr. 'O’ He who holds the heavens and the earth lest they should fall apart, and if they were to fall apart, none would hold them except Him. Truly, He is Most Forbearing, Oft-Forgiving. O’ He who holds the heaven from falling upon the earth except by His permission, withhold harm from us, for You have power over all things.'"
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh
وَ رُوِيَ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مَهْزِيَارَ قَالَ: كَتَبْتُ إِلَى أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ وَ شَكَوْتُ إِلَيْهِ كَثْرَةَ اَلزَّلاَزِلِ فِي اَلْأَهْوَازِ وَ قُلْتُ تَرَى لِيَ اَلتَّحْوِيلَ عَنْهَا فَكَتَبَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ «لاَ تَتَحَوَّلُوا عَنْهَا وَ صُومُوا اَلْأَرْبِعَاءَ وَ اَلْخَمِيسَ وَ اَلْجُمُعَةَ وَ اِغْتَسِلُوا وَ طَهِّرُوا ثِيَابَكُمْ وَ اُبْرُزُوا يَوْمَ اَلْجُمُعَةِ وَ اُدْعُوا اَللَّهَ فَإِنَّهُ يَرْفَعُ عَنْكُمْ» قَالَ فَفَعَلْنَا فَسَكَنَتِ اَلزَّلاَزِلُ.
It is narrated from Ali ibn Mahziyar who said: "I wrote to Abu Ja'far عليه السلام and complained to him about the frequent earthquakes in Ahwaz and asked him, 'Do you think I should move away from there?' He عليه السلام wrote back, 'Do not move away from there. Fast on Wednesday, Thursday, and Jumu’ah, perform ghusl (ritual purification), purify your clothes, and go out on Jumu’ah to pray to Allah سبحانه وتعالى, for He will lift it (the earthquakes) from you.' Ali ibn Mahziyar continued, 'We did as he instructed, and the earthquakes subsided.'"
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh
وَقَالَ اَلصَّادِقُ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: «إِنَّ اَلصَّاعِقَةَ تُصِيبُ اَلْمُؤْمِنَ وَ اَلْكَافِرَ وَ لاَ تُصِيبُ ذَاكِراً.
Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq عليه السلام said: "The lightning strike can affect both the believer and the disbeliever, but it does not strike one who is engaged in the remembrance (of Allah سبحانه وتعالى)."
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh
وَقَالَ عَلِيٌّ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: «لِلرِّيحِ رَأْسٌ وَ جَنَاحَانِ.
Imam Ali عليه السلام said: "The wind has a head and wings."
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh
وَ رُوِيَ عَنْ كَامِلٍ قَالَ: كُنْتُ مَعَ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ بِالْعُرَيْضِ فَهَبَّتْ رِيحٌ شَدِيدَةٌ فَجَعَلَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ يُكَبِّرُ ثُمَّ قَالَ «إِنَّ اَلتَّكْبِيرَ يَرُدُّ اَلرِّيحَ.
It is narrated from Kamil, who said: "I was with Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir عليه السلام in al-‘Urayd when a strong wind blew. Abu Ja'far عليه السلام began to say 'Allahu Akbar' (Allah سبحانه وتعالى is the Greatest) repeatedly, and then said: 'Indeed, saying Takbir (Allahu Akbar) repels the wind.'"
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh
وَقَالَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: «مَا بَعَثَ اَللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ رِيحاً إِلاَّ رَحْمَةً أَوْ عَذَاباً فَإِذَا رَأَيْتُمُوهَا فَقُولُوا اَللَّهُمَّ إِنَّا نَسْأَلُكَ خَيْرَهَا وَ خَيْرَ مَا أُرْسِلَتْ لَهُ وَ نَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ شَرِّهَا وَ شَرِّ مَا أُرْسِلَتْ لَهُ وَ كَبِّرُوا وَ اِرْفَعُوا أَصْوَاتَكُمْ بِالتَّكْبِيرِ فَإِنَّهُ يَكْسِرُهَا.
Imam عليه السلام said: "Allah سبحانه وتعالى, the Mighty and Majestic, does not send any wind except as a mercy or as a punishment. When you see it (the wind), say, 'O’ Allah سبحانه وتعالى, we ask You for its good and the good of what it was sent for, and we seek refuge in You from its evil and the evil of what it was sent for.' Also, recite Takbir (say 'Allahu Akbar') and raise your voices with Takbir, for it breaks (the strength of) the wind."
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh
وَقَالَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ: «لاَ تَسُبُّوا اَلرِّيَاحَ فَإِنَّهَا مَأْمُورَةٌ وَ لاَ اَلْجِبَالَ وَ لاَ اَلسَّاعَاتِ وَ لاَ اَلْأَيَّامَ وَ لاَ اَللَّيَالِيَ فَتَأْثَمُوا وَ يَرْجِعَ إِلَيْكُمْ.
The Messenger of Allah صلى الله عليه وعلى آله وسلم said: "Do not curse the winds, for they are commanded (by Allah سبحانه وتعالى), nor the mountains, nor the hours, nor the days, nor the nights, lest you commit a sin and it returns to you."
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh
وَقَالَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: «مَا خَرَجَتْ رِيحٌ قَطُّ إِلاَّ بِمِكْيَالٍ إِلاَّ زَمَنَ عَادٍ فَإِنَّهَا عَتَتْ عَلَى خُزَّانِهَا فَخَرَجَتْ فِي مِثْلِ خَرْقِ اَلْإِبْرَةِ فَأَهْلَكَتْ قَوْمَ عَادٍ.
Imam عليه السلام said: "No wind ever blows except in measure, except during the time of the people of ‘Aad, for it broke loose against its keepers and came out like the eye of a needle, destroying the people of ‘Aad."
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh
وَ رَوَى عَلِيُّ بْنُ رِئَابٍ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنِ اَلرِّيَاحِ اَلْأَرْبَعِ اَلشَّمَالِ وَ اَلْجَنُوبِ وَ اَلصَّبَا وَ اَلدَّبُورِ وَ قُلْتُ لَهُ إِنَّ اَلنَّاسَ يَقُولُونَ إِنَّ اَلشَّمَالَ مِنَ اَلْجَنَّةِ وَ اَلْجَنُوبَ مِنَ اَلنَّارِ فَقَالَ «إِنَّ لِلَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ جُنُوداً مِنَ اَلرِّيحِ يُعَذِّبُ بِهَا مَنْ عَصَاهُ مُوَكَّلٌ بِكُلِّ رِيحٍ مِنْهُنَّ مَلَكٌ مُطَاعٌ فَإِذَا أَرَادَ اَللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ أَنْ يُعَذِّبَ قَوْماً بِعَذَابٍ أَوْحَى اَللَّهُ إِلَى اَلْمَلَكِ اَلْمُوَكَّلِ بِذَلِكَ اَلنَّوْعِ مِنَ اَلرِّيحِ اَلَّذِي يُرِيدُ أَنْ يُعَذِّبَهُمْ بِهِ فَيَأْمُرُ بِهَا اَلْمَلَكُ فَتَهِيجُ كَمَا يَهِيجُ اَلْأَسَدُ اَلْمُغْضَبُ وَ لِكُلِّ رِيحٍ مِنْهُنَّ اِسْمٌ أَ مَا تَسْمَعُ لِقَوْلِ اَللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: «إِنّٰا أَرْسَلْنٰا عَلَيْهِمْ رِيحاً صَرْصَراً فِي يَوْمِ نَحْسٍ مُسْتَمِرٍّ » وَقَالَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ «اَلرِّيحَ اَلْعَقِيمَ» وَقَالَ تَعَالَى «فَأَصٰابَهٰا إِعْصٰارٌ فِيهِ نٰارٌ فَاحْتَرَقَتْ» وَ مَا ذَكَرَ فِي اَلْكِتَابِ مِنَ اَلرِّيَاحِ اَلَّتِي يُعَذِّبُ بِهَا مَنْ عَصَاهُ وَ لِلَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ رِيَاحُ رَحْمَةٍ لَوَاقِحُ وَ رِيَاحٌ تُهَيِّجُ اَلسَّحَابَ فَتَسُوقُ اَلسَّحَابَ وَ رِيَاحٌ تَحْبِسُ اَلسَّحَابَ بَيْنَ اَلسَّمَاءِ وَ اَلْأَرْضِ وَ رِيَاحٌ تَعْصِرُهُ فَتَمْطُرُهُ بِإِذْنِ اَللَّهِ وَ رِيَاحٌ تُفَرِّقُ اَلسَّحَابَ وَ رِيَاحٌ مِمَّا عَدَّ اَللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ فِي اَلْكِتَابِ فَأَمَّا اَلرِّيَاحُ اَلْأَرْبَعُ فَإِنَّهَا أَسْمَاءُ اَلْمَلاَئِكَةِ اَلشَّمَالُ وَ اَلْجَنُوبُ وَ اَلصَّبَا وَ اَلدَّبُورُ وَ عَلَى كُلِّ رِيحٍ مِنْهُنَّ مَلَكٌ مُوَكَّلٌ بِهَا فَإِذَا أَرَادَ اَللَّهُ تَبَارَكَ وتَعَالَى أَنْ يُهِبَّ شَمَالاً أَمَرَ اَلْمَلَكَ اَلَّذِي اِسْمُهُ اَلشَّمَالُ فَهَبَطَ عَلَى اَلْبَيْتِ اَلْحَرَامِ فَقَامَ عَلَى اَلرُّكْنِ اَلْيَمَانِيِّ فَضَرَبَ بِجَنَاحَيْهِ فَتَفَرَّقَتْ رِيحُ اَلشَّمَالِ حَيْثُ يُرِيدُ اَللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ فِي اَلْبَرِّ وَ اَلْبَحْرِ وَ إِذَا أَرَادَ اَللَّهُ تَبَارَكَ وتَعَالَى أَنْ يَبْعَثَ اَلصَّبَا أَمَرَ اَلْمَلَكَ اَلَّذِي اِسْمُهُ اَلصَّبَا فَهَبَطَ عَلَى اَلْبَيْتِ اَلْحَرَامِ فَقَامَ عَلَى اَلرُّكْنِ اَلْيَمَانِيِّ فَضَرَبَ بِجَنَاحَيْهِ فَتَفَرَّقَتْ رِيحُ اَلصَّبَا حَيْثُ يُرِيدُ اَللَّهُ تَعَالَى فِي اَلْبَرِّ وَ اَلْبَحْرِ وَ إِذَا أَرَادَ اَللَّهُ تَبَارَكَ وتَعَالَى أَنْ يَبْعَثَ جَنُوباً أَمَرَ اَلْمَلَكَ اَلَّذِي اِسْمُهُ اَلْجَنُوبُ فَهَبَطَ عَلَى اَلْبَيْتِ اَلْحَرَامِ فَقَامَ عَلَى اَلرُّكْنِ اَلْيَمَانِيِّ فَضَرَبَ بِجَنَاحَيْهِ فَتَفَرَّقَتْ رِيحُ اَلْجَنُوبِ حَيْثُ يُرِيدُ اَللَّهُ فِي اَلْبَرِّ وَ اَلْبَحْرِ وَ إِذَا أَرَادَ اَللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ أَنْ يَبْعَثَ دَبُوراً أَمَرَ اَلْمَلَكَ اَلَّذِي اِسْمُهُ اَلدَّبُورُ فَهَبَطَ عَلَى اَلْبَيْتِ اَلْحَرَامِ فَقَامَ عَلَى اَلرُّكْنِ اَلْيَمَانِيِّ فَضَرَبَ بِجَنَاحَيْهِ فَتَفَرَّقَتْ رِيحُ اَلدَّبُورِ حَيْثُ يُرِيدُ اَللَّهُ تَعَالَى فِي اَلْبَرِّ وَ اَلْبَحْرِ.
Ali ibn Ri'ab reported from Abu Basir, who said: I asked Abu Ja'far عليه السلام about the four winds—the North wind (Shamal), the South wind (Janub), the East wind (Saba), and the West wind (Dabur). I told him, "The people say that the North wind is from Paradise and the South wind is from Hell." Imam عليه السلام said: "Indeed, Allah سبحانه وتعالى, the Mighty and Majestic, has armies from among the winds with which He punishes those who disobey Him. Each wind has an angel in charge who is obeyed. When Allah سبحانه وتعالى, the Mighty and Majestic, wishes to punish a people with a particular type of wind, He reveals to the angel in charge of that wind that He intends to use it as a punishment. The angel commands it, and it rages as an enraged lion would. Each wind has a name. Do you not hear the words of Allah سبحانه وتعالى, the Mighty and Majestic: 'Indeed, We sent upon them a screaming wind on a day of continuous calamity' (Quran 54:19) and His words, 'the barren wind' (Quran 51:41), and 'a whirlwind containing fire, which burned it' (Quran 2:266)? And what Allah سبحانه وتعالى mentioned in the Book about the winds by which He punishes those who disobey Him. Allah سبحانه وتعالى, the Mighty and Majestic, also has winds of mercy—pollinating winds, winds that stir the clouds and drive them, winds that hold the clouds between the sky and the earth, winds that squeeze the clouds and make them rain by Allah’s سبحانه وتعالى permission, and winds that disperse the clouds. These are among the winds that Allah سبحانه وتعالى, the Mighty and Majestic, has mentioned in the Book. As for the four winds, they are the names of angels—North (Shamal), South (Janub), East (Saba), and West (Dabur). Each of these winds has an angel in charge of it. When Allah سبحانه وتعالى, Blessed and Exalted, wants to send a north wind, He commands the angel named Shamal, who descends upon the Sacred House (Kaaba), stands by the Yemeni Corner, and strikes with his wings, causing the north wind to scatter wherever Allah سبحانه وتعالى, the Mighty and Majestic, wills, over land and sea. Similarly, when Allah سبحانه وتعالى, Blessed and Exalted, wishes to send the east wind, He commands the angel named Saba, who descends upon the Sacred House, stands by the Yemeni Corner, and strikes with his wings, causing the east wind to scatter wherever Allah سبحانه وتعالى wills over land and sea. When Allah سبحانه وتعالى, Blessed and Exalted, desires to send the south wind, He commands the angel named Janub, who descends upon the Sacred House, stands by the Yemeni Corner, and strikes with his wings, causing the south wind to scatter wherever Allah سبحانه وتعالى wills. When Allah سبحانه وتعالى, the Mighty and Majestic, intends to send the west wind, He commands the angel named Dabur, who descends upon the Sacred House, stands by the Yemeni Corner, and strikes with his wings, causing the west wind to scatter wherever Allah سبحانه وتعالى wills over land and sea."
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh
وَقَالَ اَلصَّادِقُ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: «نِعْمَ اَلرِّيحُ اَلْجَنُوبُ تَكْسِرُ اَلْبَرْدَ عَنِ اَلْمَسَاكِينِ وَ تُلْقِحُ اَلشَّجَرَ وَ تُسِيلُ اَلْأَوْدِيَةَ.
Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq عليه السلام said: "The south wind (al-janub) is a blessing; it breaks the cold for the needy, pollinates the trees, and fills the valleys with water”.
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh
وَقَالَ عَلِيٌّ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: «اَلرِّيَاحُ خَمْسَةٌ مِنْهَا اَلْعَقِيمُ فَنَعُوذُ بِاللَّهِ مِنْ شَرِّهَا.
Imam Ali عليه السلام said: "There are five types of wind, and among them is the barren wind (al-‘aqim), from whose harm we seek refuge in Allah سبحانه وتعالى."
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh
وَ كَانَ اَلنَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ إِذَا هَبَّتْ رِيحٌ صَفْرَاءُ أَوْ حَمْرَاءُ أَوْ سَوْدَاءُ تَغَيَّرَ وَجْهُهُ وَ اِصْفَرَّ لَوْنُهُ وَ كَانَ كَالْخَائِفِ اَلْوَجِلِ حَتَّى تَنْزِلَ مِنَ اَلسَّمَاءِ قَطْرَةٌ مِنْ مَطَرٍ فَيَرْجِعُ إِلَيْهِ لَوْنُهُ وَ يَقُولُ جَاءَتْكُمْ بِالرَّحْمَةِ.
When a yellow, red, or black wind would blow, the Prophet صلى الله عليه وعلى آله وسلم would become visibly changed—his face would turn pale, and his color would change as if he were fearful and anxious. He would remain in this state until a drop of rain fell from the sky, at which point his color would return, and he would say, 'It has come to you with mercy.'
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh
وَ رَوَى زُرَارَةُ وَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالاَ: قُلْنَا لَهُ أَ رَأَيْتَ هَذِهِ اَلرِّيَاحَ وَ اَلظُّلَمَ اَلَّتِي تَكُونُ هَلْ يُصَلَّى بِهَا قَالَ «كُلُّ أَخَاوِيفِ اَلسَّمَاءِ مِنْ ظُلْمَةٍ أَوْ رِيحٍ أَوْ فَزَعٍ فَصَلِّ لَهَا صَلاَةَ اَلْكُسُوفِ حَتَّى تَسْكُنَ.
Zurarah and Muhammad ibn Muslim reported from Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir عليه السلام that they asked him, "What do you say about these winds and darkness that occur? Should one pray because of them?" Imam عليه السلام said: "For every fear-inducing phenomenon from the sky, be it darkness, wind, or dread, pray the prayer of the eclipse (Salat al-Kusuf) until it subsides."
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh, p. 73
وَ رَوَى مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ وَ بُرَيْدُ بْنُ مُعَاوِيَةَ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ وَ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِمَا اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالاَ: «إِذَا وَقَعَ اَلْكُسُوفُ أَوْ بَعْضُ هَذِهِ اَلْآيَاتِ صَلِّهَا مَا لَمْ تَتَخَوَّفْ أَنْ يَذْهَبَ وَقْتُ اَلْفَرِيضَةِ فَإِنْ تَخَوَّفْتَ فَابْدَأْ بِالْفَرِيضَةِ وَ اِقْطَعْ مَا كُنْتَ فِيهِ مِنْ صَلاَةِ اَلْكُسُوفِ فَإِذَا فَرَغْتَ مِنَ اَلْفَرِيضَةِ فَارْجِعْ إِلَى حَيْثُ كُنْتَ قَطَعْتَ وَ اِحْتَسِبْ بِمَا مَضَى.
Muhammad ibn Muslim and Burayd ibn Muawiya narrated from Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir عليه السلام and Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq عليه السلام who said: "When an eclipse or any of these celestial signs occurs, perform the prayer (Salat al-Kusuf) as long as you do not fear missing the time of an obligatory prayer. If you fear that the time of the obligatory prayer will pass, then begin with the obligatory prayer and interrupt your Salat al-Kusuf. Once you have completed the obligatory prayer, return to where you left off in the Salat al-Kusuf and continue from there, counting what you have already performed."
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh, p. 73
وَ رُوِيَ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ اَلْفَضْلِ اَلْوَاسِطِيِّ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: كَتَبْتُ إِلَى اَلرِّضَا عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ إِذَا اِنْكَسَفَتِ اَلشَّمْسُ وَ اَلْقَمَرُ وَ أَنَا رَاكِبٌ لاَ أَقْدِرُ عَلَى اَلنُّزُولِ فَكَتَبَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ إِلَيَّ «صَلِّ عَلَى مَرْكَبِكَ اَلَّذِي أَنْتَ عَلَيْهِ.
It is reported from Ali ibn al-Fadl al-Wasiti that He said: "I wrote to Imam al-Ridha عليه السلام asking about what to do if the sun or moon eclipses while I am riding and unable to dismount. He عليه السلام wrote back to me saying, 'Pray on your mount, whatever you are on.'".
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh, p. 74
وَ رُوِيَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ وَ اَلْفُضَيْلِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ أَنَّهُمَا قَالاَ: قُلْنَا لِأَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ أَ يَقْضِي صَلاَةَ اَلْكُسُوفِ مَنْ إِذَا أَصْبَحَ فَعَلِمَ وَ إِذَا أَمْسَى فَعَلِمَ قَالَ «إِنْ كَانَ اَلْقُرْصَانِ اِحْتَرَقَا كُلُّهُمَا قَضَيْتَ وَ إِنْ كَانَ إِنَّمَا اِحْتَرَقَ بَعْضُهُمَا فَلَيْسَ عَلَيْكَ قَضَاؤُهُ.
It is narrated from Muhammad ibn Muslim and al-Fudhayl ibn Yasar that they said: "We asked Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir عليه السلام: Should one make up the prayer for an eclipse if he becomes aware of it in the morning or evening after it has occurred? He عليه السلام replied: 'If both discs (the sun and the moon) were completely eclipsed, you must make it up. However, if only a part of either of them was eclipsed, then you are not required to make it up.'"
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh, p. 74
وَ سَأَلَ اَلْحَلَبِيُّ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: عَنْ صَلاَةِ اَلْكُسُوفِ كُسُوفِ اَلشَّمْسِ وَ اَلْقَمَرِ قَالَ «عَشْرُ رَكَعَاتٍ وَ أَرْبَعُ سَجَدَاتٍ تَرْكَعُ خَمْساً ثُمَّ تَسْجُدُ فِي اَلْخَامِسَةِ ثُمَّ تَرْكَعُ خَمْساً ثُمَّ تَسْجُدُ فِي اَلْعَاشِرَةِ وَ إِنْ شِئْتَ قَرَأْتَ سُورَةً فِي كُلِّ رَكْعَةٍ وَ إِنْ شِئْتَ قَرَأْتَ نِصْفَ سُورَةٍ فِي كُلِّ رَكْعَةٍ فَإِذَا قَرَأْتَ سُورَةً فِي كُلِّ رَكْعَةٍ فَاقْرَأْ فَاتِحَةَ اَلْكِتَابِ وَ إِنْ قَرَأْتَ نِصْفَ سُورَةٍ أَجْزَأَكَ أَنْ لاَ تَقْرَأَ فَاتِحَةَ اَلْكِتَابِ إِلاَّ فِي أَوَّلِ رَكْعَةٍ حَتَّى تَسْتَأْنِفَ أُخْرَى وَ لاَ تَقُلْ سَمِعَ اَللَّهُ لِمَنْ حَمِدَهُ فِي رَفْعِ رَأْسِكَ مِنَ اَلرُّكُوعِ إِلاَّ فِي اَلرَّكْعَةِ اَلَّتِي تُرِيدُ أَنْ تَسْجُدَ فِيهَا.
Al-Halabi asked Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq عليه السلام about the prayer for the eclipse (Salat al-Kusuf) of the sun and moon. Imam عليه السلام said: "It consists of ten rak'ahs (units of prayer) and four prostrations (Sujood). You perform five bowings (ruku) and then prostrate (Sujood) in the fifth. Then you perform another five bowings and prostrate in the tenth. If you wish, you can recite a chapter (Surah) in each rak'ah, or if you prefer, you may recite half of a chapter in each rak'ah. If you recite a chapter in each rak'ah, then recite the opening of the Book (Al-Fatiha). If you choose to recite half a chapter, it suffices to recite Al-Fatiha only in the first rak'ah until you start another chapter. And you should not say 'Sami' Allahu liman hamidah' (Allah سبحانه وتعالى hears the one who praises Him) when rising from ruku except in the rak'ah where you intend to prostrate."
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh, p. 74
وَ رَوَى عُمَرُ بْنُ أُذَيْنَةَ: «أَنَّ اَلْقُنُوتَ فِي اَلرَّكْعَةِ اَلثَّانِيَةِ قَبْلَ اَلرُّكُوعِ ثُمَّ فِي اَلرَّابِعَةِ ثُمَّ فِي اَلسَّادِسَةِ ثُمَّ فِي اَلثَّامِنَةِ ثُمَّ فِي اَلْعَاشِرَةِ.
Umar ibn Udhaynah narrated: "The Qunoot (supplication) is to be recited in the second rak'ah before bowing (ruku), then in the fourth, sixth, eighth, and tenth rak'ahs."
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh
وإن لم تقنت إلا في الخامسة والعاشرة فهو جائز لورود الخبر به. وإذا فرغ الرجل من صلاة الكسوف ولم تكن انجلت فليعد الصلاة وإن شاء قعد ومجد الله عز وجل حتى ينجلي. ولا يجوز أن يصليهما في وقت فريضة حتى يصلي الفريضة. وإذا كان في صلاة الكسوف ودخل عليه وقت الفريضة فليقطعها وليصل الفريضة ثم يبني على ما صلى من صلاة الكسوف.
However, if one only performs Qunoot in the fifth and tenth rak'ahs, it is still permissible as there is a narration supporting this practice. If a person finishes the Salat al-Kusuf (prayer during an eclipse) and the eclipse has not yet ended, they should repeat the prayer. Alternatively, if they wish, they may sit and glorify Allah سبحانه وتعالى the Almighty until the eclipse clears. It is not permissible to perform Salat al-Kusuf during the time of a prescribed (obligatory) prayer until the obligatory prayer is completed. If one is engaged in Salat al-Kusuf and the time for an obligatory prayer begins, they should interrupt the eclipse prayer, perform the obligatory prayer, and then continue from where they left off in Salat al-Kusuf.
وَ رَوَى حَمَّادُ بْنُ عُثْمَانَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: ذَكَرُوا عِنْدَهُ اِنْكِسَافَ اَلْقَمَرِ وَ مَا يَلْقَى اَلنَّاسُ مِنْ شِدَّتِهِ فَقَالَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ «إِذَا اِنْجَلَى مِنْهُ شَيْءٌ فَقَدِ اِنْجَلَى.
Hammad ibn Uthman narrated from Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq عليه السلام that during a discussion about the eclipse of the moon and the hardship that people endure because of it, He (Imam Al-Sadiq) said: "If a part of it (the moon) has cleared, then it has cleared”.
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh
Commentary #1