Chapter on Borrowing (Ariyyah)
Man Lā Yaḥḍuruh al-Faqīh|Volume 3|Book 2|Chapter 33
Man Lā Yaḥḍuruh al-Faqīh
Volume 3, Book 2, Chapter 33
Chapter on Borrowing (Ariyyah)
4 hadiths · 1 commentary
رُوِيَ عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ عَمَّارٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ أَوْ أَبِي إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: "اَلْعَارِيَّةُ لَيْسَ عَلَى مُسْتَعِيرِهَا ضَمَانٌ إِلاَّ أَنْ يُشْتَرَطَ إِلاَّ مَا كَانَ مِنْ ذَهَبٍ أَوْ فِضَّةٍ فَإِنَّهُمَا مَضْمُونَتَانِ اُشْتُرِطَا أَوْ لَمْ يُشْتَرَطَا " وَ قَالَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ "إِذَا اُسْتُعِيرَتْ عَارِيَّةٌ بِغَيْرِ إِذْنِ صَاحِبِهَا فَهَلَكَتْ فَالْمُسْتَعِيرُ ضَامِنٌ ".
It is narrated from Ishaq ibn Ammar, from Abu Abdullah عليه السلام or (Imam Musa ibn Jafar Al-Kadhim عليه السلام), who said: "A borrowed item (ariyyah) is not guaranteed by the borrower unless it is stipulated, except in the case of gold or silver, as these are guaranteed whether stipulated or not." Imam عليه السلام also said: "If an item is borrowed without the owner's permission and it perishes, the borrower is liable for it."
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh, p. 250
وَ رَوَى أَبَانٌ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ اَلْعَارِيَّةِ يَسْتَعِيرُهَا اَلْإِنْسَانُ فَتَهْلِكُ أَوْ تُسْرَقُ فَقَالَ "إِذَا كَانَ أَمِيناً فَلاَ غُرْمَ عَلَيْهِ".
Aban narrated from Muhammad ibn Muslim, from Abu Ja'far Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir عليه السلام, who said: I asked him about a borrowed item (ariyyah) that a person borrows, and it either perishes or is stolen. Imam عليه السلام said: "If he is trustworthy, then there is no liability upon him."
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh, p. 250
وَ رَوَى أَبَانٌ عَنْ حَرِيزٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: فِي رَجُلٍ اِسْتَعَارَ ثَوْباً ثُمَّ عَمَدَ إِلَيْهِ فَرَهَنَهُ فَجَاءَ أَهْلُ اَلْمَتَاعِ إِلَى مَتَاعِهِمْ فَقَالَ "يَأْخُذُونَ مَتَاعَهُمْ".
Aban narrated from Hariz, from Abu Abdullah عليه السلام, regarding a man who borrowed a garment and then intentionally used it as collateral for a loan. Imam عليه السلام said: "The owners of the item have the right to reclaim their property."
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh, p. 250
وَ اِسْتَعَارَ اَلنَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ مِنْ صَفْوَانَ بْنِ أُمَيَّةَ اَلْجُمَحِيِّ سَبْعِينَ دِرْعاً حُطَمِيَّةً وَ ذَلِكَ قَبْلَ إِسْلاَمِهِ فَقَالَ أَ غَصْبٌ أَمْ عَارِيَّةٌ يَا أَبَا اَلْقَاسِمِ فَقَالَ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ "لاَ بَلْ عَارِيَّةٌ مُؤَدَّاةٌ" فَجَرَتِ اَلسُّنَّةُ فِي اَلْعَارِيَّةِ إِذَا اُشْتُرِطَ فِيهَا أَنْ تَكُونَ مُؤَدَّاةً وَ كَانَ صَفْوَانُ بْنُ أُمَيَّةَ بَعْدَ إِسْلاَمِهِ نَائِماً فِي اَلْمَسْجِدِ فَسُرِقَ رِدَاؤُهُ فَتَبِعَ اَللِّصَّ وَ أَخَذَ مِنْهُ اَلرِّدَاءَ وَ جَاءَ بِهِ إِلَى رَسُولِ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ وَ أَقَامَ بِذَلِكَ شَاهِدَيْنِ عَدْلَيْنِ عَلَيْهِ فَأَمَرَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ بِقَطْعِ يَمِينِهِ فَقَالَ صَفْوَانُ يَا رَسُولَ اَللَّهِ أَ تَقْطَعُهُ مِنْ أَجْلِ رِدَائِي قَدْ وَهَبْتُهُ لَهُ فَقَالَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ "أَلاَّ كَانَ هَذَا قَبْلَ أَنْ تَرْفَعَهُ إِلَيَّ" فَقَطَعَهُ فَجَرَتِ اَلسُّنَّةُ فِي اَلْحَدِّ إِذَا رُفِعَ إِلَى اَلْإِمَامِ وَ قَامَتْ عَلَيْهِ اَلْبَيِّنَةُ أَنْ لاَ يُعَطَّلَ وَ يُقَامَ.
The Prophet (may Allah سبحانه وتعالى bless him and his family) borrowed seventy coats of mail made of iron from Safwan ibn Umayyah al-Jumahi before he embraced Islam. Safwan asked: "O Abu al-Qasim, is this a seizure or a loan?" The Prophet (may Allah سبحانه وتعالى bless him and his family) replied: "No, it is a loan to be returned." Thus, it became a precedent that a loan (ariyyah) must be returned if stipulated. After Safwan embraced Islam, he was once sleeping in the mosque when his cloak was stolen. Safwan pursued the thief, retrieved the cloak, and brought him to the Messenger of Allah سبحانه وتعالى (may Allah سبحانه وتعالى bless him and his family). He also presented two just witnesses against the thief. The Prophet (may Allah سبحانه وتعالى bless him and his family) ordered that the thief's right hand be cut off. Safwan said: "O Messenger of Allah سبحانه وتعالى, will you cut off his hand because of my cloak? I have already gifted it to him." The Prophet (may Allah سبحانه وتعالى bless him and his family) said: "Why did you not say this before bringing the matter to me?" The sentence was then carried out, establishing the precedent that if a case reaches the Imam and evidence is presented, the prescribed punishment (hadd) cannot be waived.
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh
Commentary #1