Praise be to Allah سبحانه وتعالى, the One deserving of praise and its rightful recipient, and blessings upon His chosen one from His creation, Muhammad, and his family, with abundant salutations. One of my friends, may Allah سبحانه وتعالى support him, reminded me - among those whose rights upon us are obligatory - of the narrations of our companions, may Allah سبحانه وتعالى support them and have mercy on their predecessors, and the differences, discrepancies, contradictions, and oppositions found within them. It has reached the point that rarely does one narration agree without there being another that contradicts it, and hardly does a hadith remain unchallenged without an opposing one standing against it. Our opponents have taken this as one of the greatest criticisms against our school of thought and have used it as a means to invalidate our beliefs. They argue that your elders, both past and present, have consistently criticized their opponents for the same kind of disagreement, attributing it to their religious practices, and have denounced their divisions in secondary matters. They claim that such practices are not suitable for the worship of the Wise, nor permissible for the actions of the All-Knowing. They assert: "We find you more inconsistent than your opponents and more divided than those who oppose you." The presence of such differences among you, alongside your belief in the invalidity of these differences, is a proof of the corruption of your foundations. This issue has caused doubts to enter the hearts of many who lack strength in knowledge and insight into the methods of reasoning and the meanings of expressions. Many have abandoned the truth due to their confusion regarding this matter and their inability to resolve the doubts surrounding it. I heard our teacher, Abu Abdullah, may Allah سبحانه وتعالى support him, mention that Abu Al-Husayn Al-Haruni Al-Alawi once believed in the truth and upheld the doctrine of Imamate. However, he turned away from it when he became confused about the contradictions in the narrations. He abandoned the doctrine and adopted another belief because he could not discern the meanings behind them. This indicates that he entered the doctrine without insight and embraced it through imitation. For differences in secondary matters do not warrant abandoning what has been proven through evidence in fundamental principles. And he mentioned that if this matter is as described, then engaging in the explanation of a book that addresses the interpretation of differing reports and conflicting narrations is among the most important tasks in religion and one of the closest acts of devotion to Allah سبحانه وتعالى the Exalted. This is due to the abundant benefit it brings to beginners and those training in knowledge. He requested that I focus on the treatise of our teacher, Abu Abdullah, may Allah سبحانه وتعالى support him, titled Al-Muqni‘a, as it is comprehensive in its content and sufficient for most of the essential rulings of the Sharia. It is also free from unnecessary elaboration. He asked me to begin with the first chapter related to purification (taharah), leaving aside what precedes it concerning monotheism, justice, prophethood, and Imamate, as explaining those topics would be lengthy. Moreover, the purpose of this book is not to elaborate on matters related to foundational principles (usul). He asked me to translate each chapter as he has categorized it, addressing each issue individually and supporting it with evidence - either from the apparent text of the Quran, its explicit wording, its implications, its indications, or its meanings. Alternatively, evidence may be drawn from the definitive Sunnah, either through widely transmitted narrations (mutawatir) or those accompanied by indicators proving their authenticity. It may also rely on the consensus of Muslims, if present, or the consensus of the truthful sect (al-firqat al-muhaqqah). Afterward, I will mention what has been narrated from the well-known traditions of our companions on the matter. I will then examine what has been reported that contradicts or opposes those narrations, clarifying the matter by either harmonizing the conflicting narrations or explaining their invalidity - whether due to the weakness of their chains of transmission or because the community has acted contrary to their content.
Commentary #1