Tahdhīb al-Aḥkām

Tahdhīb al-Aḥkām, compiled by Shaykh al-Ṭūsī (d. 460 AH), is the third of the Four Main Shīʿī Ḥadīth collections. Conceived as a Ḥadīth-based commentary on al-Muqniʿa, the legal work of his teacher Shaykh al-Mufīd, it concentrates on al-furūʿ—the practical rulings of Islamic law—rather than questions of doctrine. Beginning with ritual purity, it proceeds through prayer, alms, fasting, pilgrimage, commerce, marriage, divorce, inheritance, legal penalties, and related subjects; modern editions are generally printed in ten volumes. Its importance lies not only in the breadth of the reports it preserves, but also in al-Ṭūsī’s method: he places narrations within juristic discussions, examines their evidence, and seeks to reconcile reports that appear to conflict. Tahdhīb is therefore both a major repository of Imāmī Ḥadīth and a foundational work in the development of Shīʿī jurisprudence.