Chapter on the Prayer of the Drowning Person, the One Who Is Alone, and the One in Necessity, and Other Such Cases
Tahdhīb al-Aḥkām|Volume 3|Book 1|Chapter 14
Tahdhīb al-Aḥkām
Volume 3, Book 1, Chapter 14
Chapter on the Prayer of the Drowning Person, the One Who Is Alone, and the One in Necessity, and Other Such Cases
15 hadiths · 4 commentaries
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ هِلاَلٍ عَنِ اِبْنِ مُسْكَانَ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ قَالَ قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: «مَنْ كَانَ فِي مَكَانٍ لاَ يَقْدِرُ عَلَى اَلْأَرْضِ فَلْيُومِ إِيمَاءً»
Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Yahya from Ahmad ibn Hilal from Ibn Muskan from Abu Basir. He said:
Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him, said: “Whoever is in a place where he is unable to reach the ground, should gesture with indications.”
- Tahdhīb al-Aḥkām fī Sharḥ al-Muqniʿah, vol. 3, p. 191
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Tahdhīb
سَعْدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ اَلْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ فَضَّالٍ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ سَعِيدٍ عَنْ مُصَدِّقِ بْنِ صَدَقَةَ عَنْ عَمَّارِ بْنِ مُوسَى عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ اَلرَّجُلِ يُومِئُ فِي اَلْمَكْتُوبَةِ وَ اَلنَّوَافِلِ إِذَا لَمْ يَجِدْ مَا يَسْجُدُ عَلَيْهِ وَ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ مَوْضِعٌ يَسْجُدُ فِيهِ فَقَالَ« إِذَا كَانَ هَكَذَا فَلْيُومِ فِي اَلصَّلاَةِ كُلِّهَا»
Sa’ad ibn Abdillah from Ahmad ibn al-Hasan ibn Ali ibn Faddal from Amr ibn Said from Musaddiq ibn Sadaqah from Ammar ibn Musa from Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him. He said:
I asked Imam al-Sadiq عليه السلام about a man who gestures in the obligatory and supererogatory prayers, when he does not find anything to prostrate upon and does not have a place in which he can perform prostration. Imam عليه السلام said: “If it is like that, then let him gesture throughout the entire prayer.”
- Tahdhīb al-Aḥkām fī Sharḥ al-Muqniʿah, vol. 3, p. 191
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Tahdhīb
وَ بِهَذَا اَلْإِسْنَادِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ ع قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ اَلرَّجُلِ يُصِيبُهُ اَلْمَطَرُ وَ هُوَ فِي مَوْضِعٍ لاَ يَقْدِرُ أَنْ يَسْجُدَ فِيهِ مِنَ اَلطِّينِ وَ لاَ يَجِدُ مَوْضِعاً جَافّاً قَالَ« يَفْتَتِحُ اَلصَّلاَةَ فَإِذَا رَكَعَ فَلْيَرْكَعْ كَمَا يَرْكَعُ إِذَا صَلَّى وَ إِذَا رَفَعَ رَأْسَهُ مِنَ اَلرُّكُوعِ فَلْيُومِ بِالسُّجُودِ إِيمَاءً وَ هُوَ قَائِمٌ يَفْعَلُ ذَلِكَ حَتَّى يَفْرُغَ مِنَ اَلصَّلاَةِ وَ يَتَشَهَّدُ وَ هُوَ قَائِمٌ وَ يُسَلِّمُ»
And with this same chain of transmission, from Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him, he said:
I asked Imam al-Sadiq عليه السلام about a man who is caught in the rain, while in a place where he is unable to prostrate, due to mud and does not find a dry spot. Imam عليه السلام said: “He should begin the prayer, and when he bows, let him bow as he would normally do in prayer. And when he raises his head from the bowing, let him gesture for the prostration while standing. He should continue in this manner until he completes the prayer, perform the tashahhud while standing, and give the salam.”
- Tahdhīb al-Aḥkām fī Sharḥ al-Muqniʿah, vol. 3, p. 192
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Tahdhīb
قال الشيخ رحمه الله وإذا كان ممنوعا بالرباط وما أشبهه صلى بحسب استطاعته
Shaykh (Al-Mufid), may Allah سبحانه وتعالى have mercy on him, said: “And if he is restrained by shackles or something similar, he should pray according to his ability.”
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ عَنْ عِدَّةٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ زُرْعَةَ عَنْ سَمَاعَةَ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ اَلْأَسِيرِ يَأْسِرُهُ اَلْمُشْرِكُونَ فَتَحْضُرُهُ اَلصَّلاَةُ فَيَمْنَعُهُ اَلَّذِي أَسَرَهُ مِنْهَا قَالَ« يُومِئُ إِيمَاءً»
Muhammad ibn Ya‘qub from a group of our companions from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Khalid from his father from Zur’ah from Sama’ah. He said:
I asked Imam عليه السلام about a prisoner taken captive by the polytheists, and the time of prayer comes, while the one who captured him, prevents him from performing it. Imam عليه السلام said: “He should gesture with indications.”
- Tahdhīb al-Aḥkām fī Sharḥ al-Muqniʿah, vol. 3, p. 192
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Tahdhīb
قال الشيخ رحمه الله والمريض يصلي قائما مع قدرته إلى قوله ويكره
Shaykh (Al-Mufid), may Allah سبحانه وتعالى have mercy on him, said: “And the sick person prays standing if he is able,” up to his statement: “and it is disliked.”
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ اَلْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ سَعِيدٍ عَنْ مُصَدِّقِ بْنِ صَدَقَةَ عَنْ عَمَّارٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ:« اَلْمَرِيضُ إِذَا لَمْ يَقْدِرْ أَنْ يُصَلِّيَ قَاعِداً كَيْفَ قَدَرَ صَلَّى إِمَّا أَنْ يُوَجَّهَ فَيُومِئُ إِيمَاءً» وَ قَالَ« يُوَجَّهُ كَمَا يُوَجَّهُ اَلرَّجُلُ فِي لَحْدِهِ وَ يَنَامُ عَلَى جَنْبِهِ اَلْأَيْمَنِ ثُمَّ يُومِئُ بِالصَّلاَةِ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَقْدِرْ أَنْ يَنَامَ عَلَى جَنْبِهِ اَلْأَيْمَنِ فَكَيْفَ مَا قَدَرَ فَإِنَّهُ لَهُ جَائِزٌ وَ يَسْتَقْبِلُ بِوَجْهِهِ اَلْقِبْلَةَ ثُمَّ يُومِئُ بِالصَّلاَةِ إِيمَاءً»
Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Yahya from Ahmad ibn al-Hasan ibn Ali from Amr ibn Said from Musaddiq ibn Sadaqah from Ammar from Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him, who said:
Imam al-Sadiq عليه السلام said: “If the sick person is unable to pray sitting, then he should pray however he is able, either by being positioned and gesturing with indications.” And Imam عليه السلام said: “He should be positioned as a man is positioned in his grave, and lie on his right side, then gesture for the prayer. If he is unable to lie on his right side, then however he is able, it is permissible for him. He should face the qibla with his face, then gesture for the prayer by indication.”
- Tahdhīb al-Aḥkām fī Sharḥ al-Muqniʿah, vol. 3, p. 192
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Tahdhīb
أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ بْنِ اَلْقَاسِمِ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ عُثْمَانَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَمَّنْ حَدَّثَهُ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ:« يُصَلِّي اَلْمَرِيضُ قَائِماً فَإِنْ لَمْ يَقْدِرْ عَلَى ذَلِكَ صَلَّى جَالِساً فَإِنْ لَمْ يَقْدِرْ عَلَى ذَلِكَ صَلَّى مُسْتَلْقِياً يُكَبِّرُ ثُمَّ يَقْرَأُ فَإِذَا أَرَادَ اَلرُّكُوعَ غَمَّضَ عَيْنَيْهِ ثُمَّ يُسَبِّحُ فَإِذَا سَبَّحَ فَتَحَ عَيْنَيْهِ فَيَكُونُ فَتْحُهُ عَيْنَيْهِ رَفْعَهُ رَأْسَهُ مِنَ اَلرُّكُوعِ فَإِذَا أَرَادَ أَنْ يَسْجُدَ غَمَّضَ عَيْنَيْهِ ثُمَّ يُسَبِّحُ فَإِذَا سَبَّحَ فَتَحَ عَيْنَيْهِ فَيَكُونُ فَتْحُهُ عَيْنَيْهِ رَفْعَهُ رَأْسَهُ مِنَ اَلسُّجُودِ ثُمَّ يَتَشَهَّدُ وَ يَنْصَرِفُ»
Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Abdillah ibn al-Qasim from Amr ibn Uthman from Muhammad ibn Ibrahim from someone who narrated to him from Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him, who said:
Imam al-Sadiq عليه السلام said: “The sick person prays standing, and if he is unable to do that, he prays sitting. If he is unable to do that, he prays lying on his back he pronounces the takbir, then recites. When he wishes to bow, he closes his eyes, then glorifies (‘SubhanAllah’). When he has glorified, he opens his eyes, and the opening of his eyes is considered his rising from bowing. When he wishes to prostrate, he closes his eyes, then glorifies. When he has glorified, he opens his eyes, and the opening of his eyes is considered his rising from prostration. Then he recites the tashahhud and ends the prayer.”
- Tahdhīb al-Aḥkām fī Sharḥ al-Muqniʿah, vol. 3, p. 192
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Tahdhīb
وَ عَنْهُ عَنِ اَلنَّضْرِ عَنِ اِبْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ:« لاَ تُمْسِكْ بِخَمَرِكَ وَ أَنْتَ تُصَلِّي وَ لاَ تَسْتَنِدْ إِلَى جِدَارٍ إِلاَّ أَنْ تَكُونَ مَرِيضاً»
And from him, from al-Nadr from Ibn Sinan from Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him, who said:
Imam al-Sadiq عليه السلام said: “Do not hold your turban while you are praying, and do not lean against a wall unless you are ill.”
- Tahdhīb al-Aḥkām fī Sharḥ al-Muqniʿah, vol. 3, p. 193
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Tahdhīb, p. 300
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ يَحْيَى عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اَلْجَبَّارِ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مَهْزِيَارَ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ اَلْمُغْمَى عَلَيْهِ يَوْماً أَوْ أَكْثَرَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ هَلْ يَقْضِي مَا فَاتَهُ مِنَ اَلصَّلاَةِ فَكَتَبَ« لاَ يَقْضِي اَلصَّوْمَ وَ لاَ يَقْضِي اَلصَّلاَةَ»
Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Yahya from Muhammad ibn Abd al-Jabbar from Ali ibn Mahziyar. He said:
I asked Imam al-Hadi عليه السلام about a person who falls unconscious for a day or more than that, does he make up the prayers he missed? Imam عليه السلام wrote: “He does not make up the fasts, nor does he make up the prayers.”
- Tahdhīb al-Aḥkām fī Sharḥ al-Muqniʿah, vol. 3, p. 193
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Tahdhīb
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ اَلْحَسَنِ بْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: فِي قَوْلِ اَللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ« اَلَّذِينَ يَذْكُرُونَ اَللّٰهَ قِيٰاماً» قَالَ« اَلصَّحِيحُ يُصَلِّي قَائِماً« وَ قُعُوداً» اَلْمَرِيضُ يُصَلِّي جَالِساً« وَ عَلىٰ جُنُوبِهِمْ» اَلَّذِي يَكُونُ أَضْعَفَ مِنَ اَلْمَرِيضِ اَلَّذِي يُصَلِّي جَالِساً»
Muhammad ibn Ya‘qub by Ali from his father from al-Hasan ibn Mahbub from Abu Hamzah by Abu Ja’far عليه السلام:
Imam al-Baqir عليه السلام was asked regarding the saying of Allah سبحانه وتعالى, the Mighty and Majestic: “Those who remember Allah سبحانه وتعالى standing” (Surah Aal Imran 3:191) Imam عليه السلام said: “The healthy one prays ‘standing’. ‘And sitting’ (Surah Aal Imran 3:191), for the sick person prays sitting. ‘And on their sides’ (Surah Aal Imran 3:191), for the one who is weaker than the sick person who prays sitting.”
- Tahdhīb al-Aḥkām fī Sharḥ al-Muqniʿah, vol. 3, p. 193
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Tahdhīb
قال الشيخ رحمه الله ويكره له وضع الجبهة على سجادة يمسكها غيره ومروحة
Shaykh (Al-Mufid), may Allah سبحانه وتعالى have mercy on him, said: “And it is disliked for him to place his forehead on a prayer mat held by someone else, or on a fan.”
اَلْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ عَنْ فَضَالَةَ عَنْ حُسَيْنٍ عَنْ سَمَاعَةَ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ اَلْمَرِيضِ هَلْ تُمْسِكُ لَهُ اَلْمَرْأَةُ شَيْئاً يَسْجُدُ عَلَيْهِ فَقَالَ« لاَ إِلاَّ أَنْ يَكُونَ مُضْطَرّاً لَيْسَ عِنْدَهُ غَيْرُهَا وَ لَيْسَ شَيْءٌ مِمَّا حَرَّمَ اَللَّهُ إِلاَّ وَ قَدْ أَحَلَّهُ لِمَنِ اُضْطُرَّ إِلَيْهِ»
Al-Husayn ibn Said from Fadalah from Husayn from Sama’ah from Abu Basir. He said:
I asked Imam عليه السلام about a sick person, can a woman hold something for him to prostrate upon? Imam عليه السلام said: “No, unless he is in a state of necessity, having no one else with him and nothing else available. There is nothing that Allah سبحانه وتعالى has forbidden except that He عز وجل has made it permissible, for the one who is compelled to it.”
- Tahdhīb al-Aḥkām fī Sharḥ al-Muqniʿah, vol. 3, p. 194
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Tahdhīb, p. 301
وَ عَنْهُ عَنِ اِبْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ أُذَيْنَةَ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ اَلْمَرِيضِ قَالَ «يَسْجُدُ عَلَى اَلْأَرْضِ أَوْ عَلَى مِرْوَحَةٍ أَوْ عَلَى سِوَاكٍ يَرْفَعُهُ هُوَ أَفْضَلُ مِنَ اَلْإِيمَاءِ إِنَّمَا كَرِهَ مَنْ كَرِهَ اَلسُّجُودَ عَلَى اَلْمِرْوَحَةِ مِنْ أَجْلِ اَلْأَوْثَانِ اَلَّتِي كَانَتْ تُعْبَدُ مِنْ دُونِ اَللَّهِ وَ إِنَّا لَمْ نَعْبُدْ غَيْرَ اَللَّهِ قَطُّ فَاسْجُدْ عَلَى اَلْمِرْوَحَةِ أَوْ عَلَى سِوَاكٍ أَوْ عَلَى عُودٍ»
And from him, from Ibn Abi Umayr from Umar ibn Udhaynah from Zurarah from Abu Ja’far عليه السلام, peace be upon him. He said:
I asked Imam al-Baqir عليه السلام about the (prayer of a) sick person. Imam عليه السلام said: “He should prostrate on the ground, or on a fan, or on a tooth-stick (siwak), something he raises up that is better than gesturing. Those who disliked prostration on a fan, only disliked it because of the idols that used to be worshipped besides Allah سبحانه وتعالى. And we have never worshipped anyone other than Allah سبحانه وتعالى, ever. So prostrate on a fan, or on a tooth-stick, or on a piece of wood.”
- Tahdhīb al-Aḥkām fī Sharḥ al-Muqniʿah, vol. 3, p. 194
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Tahdhīb, p. 301
وَ عَنْهُ عَنِ اِبْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ أُذَيْنَةَ عَمَّنْ أَخْبَرَهُ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: أَنَّهُ سُئِلَ مَا حَدُّ اَلْمَرَضِ اَلَّذِي يُضْطَرُّ صَاحِبُهُ وَ اَلْمَرَضِ اَلَّذِي يَدَعُ صَاحِبُهُ فِيهِ اَلصَّلاَةَ قَائِماً قَالَ«« بَلِ اَلْإِنْسٰانُ عَلىٰ نَفْسِهِ بَصِيرَةٌ» قَالَ ذَاكَ إِلَيْهِ هُوَ أَعْلَمُ بِنَفْسِهِ»
And from him, from Ibn Abi Umayr from Umar ibn Udhaynah from someone who informed him from Abu Ja’far عليه السلام, peace be upon him:
Imam al-Baqir عليه السلام was asked: “What is the degree of illness that compels its sufferer, and what is the illness in which its sufferer should leave off praying while standing?” Imam عليه السلام said: “Rather, man is a witness against himself.” (Surah Al Qiyamah 75:14) Imam عليه السلام said: “That is up to him, he is more knowledgeable about himself.”
- Tahdhīb al-Aḥkām fī Sharḥ al-Muqniʿah, vol. 3, p. 194
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Tahdhīb
وَ عَنْهُ عَنْ فَضَالَةَ بْنِ أَيُّوبَ عَنْ جَمِيلٍ وَ اِبْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ جَمِيلٍ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ مَا حَدُّ اَلْمَرَضِ اَلَّذِي يُصَلِّي صَاحِبُهُ قَاعِداً فَقَالَ« إِنَّ اَلرَّجُلَ لَيُوعَكُ وَ يُجْرَحُ وَ لَكِنَّهُ أَعْلَمُ بِنَفْسِهِ إِذَا قَوِيَ فَلْيَقُمْ»
And from him, from Fadalah ibn Ayyub from Jamil, and from Ibn Abi Umayr from Jamil. He said:
I asked Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him: “What is the degree of illness for which a person should pray sitting?” Imam عليه السلام said: “Indeed, a man may suffer fever or be wounded, but he knows himself best. If he has the strength, then let him stand (for prayer).”
- Tahdhīb al-Aḥkām fī Sharḥ al-Muqniʿah, vol. 3, p. 195
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Tahdhīb, p. 301
أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ اَلْحَكَمِ عَنْ سَيْفٍ عَنْ بَكَّارٍ قَالَ: سَأَلَهُ أَبِي يَعْنِي أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ وَ أَنَا أَسْمَعُ مَا حَدُّ اَلْمَرَضِ اَلَّذِي يُتْرَكُ فِيهِ اَلصَّوْمُ قَالَ« إِذَا لَمْ يَسْتَطِعْ أَنْ يَتَسَحَّرَ»
Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Ali ibn al-Hakam from Sayf from Bakkar. He said:
My father, spoke to Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him, and asked Imam عليه السلام while I (Bakkar) was listening: “What is the degree of illness in which fasting is to be abandoned?” Imam عليه السلام said: “When he is unable to partake in the pre-dawn meal (suhur).”
- Tahdhīb al-Aḥkām fī Sharḥ al-Muqniʿah, vol. 3, p. 195
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Tahdhīb
اَلصَّفَّارُ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ حَفْصٍ اَلْمَرْوَزِيِّ قَالَ قَالَ اَلْفَقِيهُ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ:« اَلْمَرِيضُ إِنَّمَا يُصَلِّي قَاعِداً إِذَا صَارَ بِالْحَالِ اَلَّتِي لاَ يَقْدِرُ فِيهَا أَنْ يَمْشِيَ مِقْدَارَ صَلاَتِهِ إِلَى أَنْ يَفْرُغَ قَائِماً»
Al-Saffar from Muhammad ibn Isa from Sulayman ibn Hafs al-Marwazi. He said:
The Jurist (Faqih), Imam al-Hadi عليه السلام, peace be upon him, said: “The sick person is to pray sitting only when he reaches the condition, in which he is unable to walk the length of his prayer, from beginning to end while standing.”
- Tahdhīb al-Aḥkām fī Sharḥ al-Muqniʿah, vol. 3, p. 195
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Tahdhīb
Commentary #1