Tahdhīb al-Aḥkām - The Refinement of Laws
Tahdhīb al-Aḥkām(Vol. 3)
The Refinement of Laws
Volume 3 of 4
Tahdhīb al-Aḥkām, compiled by Shaykh al-Ṭūsī (d. 460 AH), is the third of the Four Main Shīʿī Ḥadīth collections. Conceived as a Ḥadīth-based commentary on al-Muqniʿa, the legal work of his teacher Shaykh al-Mufīd, it concentrates on al-furūʿ—the practical rulings of Islamic law—rather than questions of doctrine.
Beginning with ritual purity, it proceeds through prayer, alms, fasting, pilgrimage, commerce, marriage, divorce, inheritance, legal penalties, and related subjects; modern editions are generally printed in ten volumes. Its importance lies not only in the breadth of the reports it preserves, but also in al-Ṭūsī’s method: he places narrations within juristic discussions, examines their evidence, and seeks to reconcile reports that appear to conflict. Tahdhīb is therefore both a major repository of Imāmī Ḥadīth and a foundational work in the development of Shīʿī jurisprudence.
Tahdhīb al-Aḥkām, compiled by Shaykh al-Ṭūsī (d. 460 AH), is the third of the Four Main Shīʿī Ḥadīth collections. Conceived as a Ḥadīth-based commentary on al-Muqniʿa, the legal work of his teacher Shaykh al-Mufīd, it concentrates on al-furūʿ—the practical rulings of Islamic law—rather than questions of doctrine.
Beginning with ritual purity, it proceeds through prayer, alms, fasting, pilgrimage, commerce, marriage, divorce, inheritance, legal penalties, and related subjects; modern editions are generally printed in ten volumes. Its importance lies not only in the breadth of the reports it preserves, but also in al-Ṭūsī’s method: he places narrations within juristic discussions, examines their evidence, and seeks to reconcile reports that appear to conflict. Tahdhīb is therefore both a major repository of Imāmī Ḥadīth and a foundational work in the development of Shīʿī jurisprudence.
Chapter 1
24 commentaries, 81 hadithsChapter on the Deeds to Be Attained on Night of Friday and Its Day
Chapter 2
7 hadithsChapter on the Virtue of Congregational Prayer
Chapter 3
59 commentaries, 109 hadithsChapter on the Rulings of Congregational Prayer (the Minimum Number for Congregational Prayer, the Description of the Imam, Who Is to Be Followed and Who Is Not to Be Followed, Recitation Behind Both of Them, the Rulings of Those Led in Prayer, and Other Such Rulings Related to It)
Chapter 4
3 commentaries, 31 hadithsChapter on the Virtue of the Month of Ramadan and the Prayers Within It in Addition to the Recommended Prayers Mentioned in the Other Months
Chapter 5
35 commentaries, 41 hadithsChapter on Supplication Between the Units of Prayer (Rak‘at)
Chapter 6
12 commentaries, 48 hadithsChapter on the Prayer of the Two Eids
Chapter 7
1 hadithChapter on the Prayer of Ghadir
Chapter 8
4 commentaries, 11 hadithsChapter on the Prayer for Seeking Rain
Chapter 9
4 commentaries, 11 hadithsChapter on the Prayer of the Eclipse
Chapter 10
16 commentaries, 34 hadithsChapter on the Rulings of Missed Prayers
Chapter 11
1 commentary, 5 hadithsChapter on the Prayer in the Ship
Chapter 12
5 hadithsChapter on the Prayer of Fear
Chapter 13
4 hadithsChapter on the Prayer During Pursuit and Sword Fighting
Chapter 14
4 commentaries, 15 hadithsChapter on the Prayer of the Drowning Person, the One Who Is Alone, and the One in Necessity, and Other Such Cases
Chapter 15
1 commentary, 4 hadithsChapter on the Prayer of the Naked
Chapter 16
8 hadithsChapter on the Prayer of Seeking Guidance
Chapter 17
1 commentary, 3 hadithsChapter on the Prayer of Needs
Chapter 18
1 hadithChapter on the Prayer of Gratitude
Chapter 19
1 hadithChapter on the Prayer of the Day of Mab‘ath and the Night of the Middle of Sha‘ban
Chapter 20
9 hadithsChapter on the Prayer of Tasbih and Other Prayers
Chapter 21
12 commentaries, 25 hadithsChapter on the Prayer over the Dead
Chapter 22
11 commentaries, 38 hadithsChapter on the Additions
Chapter 1
19 commentaries, 127 hadithsChapter on the Prayer During Travel
Chapter 2
4 commentaries, 62 hadithsChapter on the Deeds to Be Attained on Night of Friday and Its Day
Chapter 3
7 commentaries, 164 hadithsChapter on the Virtue of Mosques and Prayer Within Them, and the Virtue of Congregational Prayer and Its Rulings
Chapter 4
3 commentaries, 29 hadithsChapter on the Prayer of the Two Eids
Chapter 5
2 commentaries, 19 hadithsChapter on the Prayer of the Eclipse
Chapter 6
2 commentaries, 17 hadithsChapter on the Prayer in the Ship
Chapter 7
1 commentary, 13 hadithsChapter on the Prayer of Fear
Chapter 8
5 commentaries, 32 hadithsChapter on the Prayer of the One in Necessity
Chapter 9
20 hadithsChapter on the Recommended Prayers
Chapter 10
12 commentaries, 72 hadithsChapter on the Prayer over the Dead