Chapter on Ruling of the Sick Person Who Breaks the Fast Then Becomes Well during Part of the Day, the Menstruating Woman Who Becomes Pure, and the Traveller Who Arrives/Traveller Returns
Tahdhīb al-Aḥkām|Volume 4|Book 2|Chapter 22
Tahdhīb al-Aḥkām
Volume 4, Book 2, Chapter 22
Chapter on Ruling of the Sick Person Who Breaks the Fast Then Becomes Well during Part of the Day, the Menstruating Woman Who Becomes Pure, and the Traveller Who Arrives/Traveller Returns
8 hadiths · 3 commentaries
وَ رَوَى اَلْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ عَنِ اَلْقَاسِمِ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنِ اِمْرَأَةٍ أَصْبَحَتْ صَائِمَةً فِي رَمَضَانَ فَلَمَّا اِرْتَفَعَ اَلنَّهَارُ حَاضَتْ قَالَ» تُفْطِرُ« قَالَ وَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ اِمْرَأَةٍ رَأَتِ اَلطُّهْرَ أَوَّلَ اَلنَّهَارِ قَالَ» تُصَلِّي وَ تُتِمُّ يَوْمَهَا وَ تَقْضِي«.
And al-Husayn ibn Said narrated, from al-Qasim, from Ali, from Abu Basir, who said:
I (narrator) asked Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him, about ‘a woman who began the morning fasting in (month of) Ramadan, then when the day had risen high, she menstruated.’ Imam عليه السلام said: “She breaks the fast.” He (narrator) asked: “And I asked Imam عليه السلام about ‘a woman who saw purity at the beginning of the day.’” Imam عليه السلام said: “She prays, completes her day, and makes it up.”
- Tahdhīb al-Aḥkām fī Sharḥ al-Muqniʿah, vol. 4, p. 324
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Tahdhīb
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ سَمَاعَةَ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ مُسَافِرٍ دَخَلَ أَهْلَهُ قَبْلَ زَوَالِ اَلشَّمْسِ وَ قَدْ أَكَلَ قَالَ» لاَ يَنْبَغِي لَهُ أَنْ يَأْكُلَ يَوْمَهُ ذَلِكَ شَيْئاً وَ لاَ يُوَاقِعَ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ إِنْ كَانَ لَهُ أَهْلٌ«.
Muhammad ibn Yaqub, from Muhammad ibn Yahya, from Ahmad ibn Muhammad, from Uthman ibn Isa, from Samaa, who said:
I (narrator) asked Imam عليه السلام about ‘a traveller who entered upon his family before the sun’s decline while he had eaten.’ Imam عليه السلام said: “It is not proper for him to eat anything on that day of his, nor to have intercourse in the month of Ramadan, if he has a wife.”
- Tahdhīb al-Aḥkām fī Sharḥ al-Muqniʿah, vol. 4, p. 324
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Tahdhīb
وَ عَنْهُ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ يُونُسَ قَالَ قَالَ: فِي اَلْمُسَافِرِ اَلَّذِي يَدْخُلُ أَهْلَهُ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ وَ قَدْ أَكَلَ قَبْلَ دُخُولِهِ قَالَ» يَكُفُّ عَنِ اَلْأَكْلِ بَقِيَّةَ يَوْمِهِ وَ عَلَيْهِ اَلْقَضَاءُ« وَ قَالَ» فِي اَلْمُسَافِرِ يَدْخُلُ أَهْلَهُ وَ هُوَ جُنُبٌ قَبْلَ اَلزَّوَالِ وَ لَمْ يَكُنْ أَكَلَ فَعَلَيْهِ أَنْ يُتِمَّ صَوْمَهُ وَ لاَ قَضَاءَ عَلَيْهِ« يَعْنِي إِذَا كَانَتْ جَنَابَتُهُ مِنِ اِحْتِلاَمٍ.
And from him, from Ali ibn Ibrahim, from Muhammad ibn Isa, from Yunus, who said:
He said regarding ‘the traveller who enters upon his family in the month of Ramadan, and he had eaten before his entry.’ He said: “He refrains from eating for the rest of his day, and upon him is making it up (the fast).” And He said: “Regarding the traveller who enters upon his family while he is in a state of major ritual impurity (janabah) before the sun’s decline, and he had not eaten, then upon him is that he complete his fast, and there is no making up upon him,” meaning if his major ritual impurity (janabah) was from a wet dream (ihtilam).
- Tahdhīb al-Aḥkām fī Sharḥ al-Muqniʿah, vol. 4, p. 324
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Tahdhīb
فاما ما رواه سعد بن عبد الله عن محمد بن عيسى بن عبيد عن عثمان بن عيسى عن حريز بن عبد الله عن محمد بن مسلم قال: سألت ابا عبد الله عليه السلام عن الرجل يقدم من سفر بعد العصر في شهر رمضان فيصيب امرأته حين طهرت من الحيض أيواقعها؟ قال: لا بأس به.
As for what was narrated by Sa’ad ibn Abdullah, from Muhammad ibn Isa ibn Ubayd, from Uthman ibn Isa, from Hariz ibn Abdullah, from Muhammad ibn Muslim, who said:
I (narrator) asked Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him, about ‘a man who arrives from a journey after the afternoon prayer in the month of Ramadan, and he comes upon his wife when she has become pure from menstruation, may he have intercourse with her?’ Imam عليه السلام said: “There is no harm in it.”
- Tahdhīb al-Aḥkām fī Sharḥ al-Muqniʿah, vol. 4, p. 324
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Tahdhīb
فليس بمناف لما ذكرناه لانا لم نقل انه يمسك بقية يومه فرضا وايجابا وانما ذكرناه تأديبا وترغيبا مع انا قد بينا فيما تقدم انه ليس لمن أفطر في شهر رمضان لعذر أن يواقع أهله، إلا ان يخاف على نفسه من شدة الحاجة إليه، ولا يأمن من مواقعة قبيح فحينئذ يسوغ له ذلك، فاما مع الاختيار فلا يجوز حسب ما قدمناه، فاما ما ذكره بعد ما شرحناه من احكام من يخرج إلى السفر قبل الزوال أو بعده فقد بينا ذلك فيما مضى مستوفى فلا وجه لاعادته. رحمه الله:) فإذا علم المسافر انه يدخل إلى وطنه قبل الزوال امسك عما ينقض الصيام، فإذا علم انه يدخل بعد الزوال أو عزم على ذلك قصر في الصوم والصلاة. والمسافر إذا قدم على أهله ولم يدخل عليهم إلا بعد طلوع الفجر ما بينه وبين نصف النهار فان كان لم يأكل شيئا ولم يفعل فعلا ينقض الصوم فيجب عليه صيام ذلك اليوم ويعتد به من رمضان، وإن كان قد اكل امسك بقية نهاره تأديبا حسب ما قدمناه، فإذا طلع الفجر عليه وهو خارج البلد فهو بالخيار ان شاء صام في ذلك اليوم وان شاء أفطر إلا ان الامساك والعزم على صوم ذلك اليوم افضل. والذي يدل على ذلك ما رواه:
This does not contradict what we have mentioned, because we did not say that he must abstain for the remainder of the day as an obligation and imposition. Rather, we mentioned it by way of discipline and encouragement. Moreover, we have already explained previously that one who has broken his fast in the month of Ramadan due to an excuse should not have intercourse with his family, unless he fears for himself because of the intensity of his need, and does not feel safe from falling into something unlawful. In that case, it is permissible for him. But when he has a choice, and no such fear exists, it is not permissible, according to what we have already set forth. As for what he mentioned after this concerning the rulings of one who sets out on a journey before the decline of the sun from the meridian (zawal) or after it, we have already explained that fully in what has passed, so there is no need to repeat it. He said, may Allah سبحانه وتعالى have mercy upon him: “When the traveller knows that he will enter his homeland before the decline of the sun from the meridian (zawal), he abstains from whatever invalidates the fast. 483 Then, if he knows that he will enter after the decline of the sun from the meridian (zawal), or resolves upon that, he follows the traveller’s ruling with respect to fasting and prayer. And when the traveller comes to his family, but does not enter upon them until after the rising of dawn, between that time and midday, then if he has not eaten anything and has not committed any act that invalidates the fast, fasting that day becomes obligatory upon him, and it is counted for him as part of Ramadan. But if he had eaten, then he abstains for the rest of his day by way of discipline (tadib), according to what we have already presented. So when dawn rises upon him while he is still outside the town, he has a choice: if he wishes, he may fast that day, and if he wishes, he may break the fast. However, abstaining and resolving to fast that day is better.” What indicates this is what was narrated (in the following hadith):
اَلْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ عَنْ فَضَالَةَ بْنِ أَيُّوبَ عَنِ اَلْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ عَنْ سَمَاعَةَ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ اَلرَّجُلِ يَقْدَمُ مِنْ سَفَرٍ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ فَقَالَ» إِنْ قَدِمَ قَبْلَ زَوَالِ اَلشَّمْسِ فَعَلَيْهِ صِيَامُ ذَلِكَ اَلْيَوْمِ وَ يَعْتَدُّ بِهِ«.
Al-Husayn ibn Said, from Fadala ibn Ayyub, from al-Husayn ibn Uthman, from Samaa, from Abu Basir, who said:
I (narrator) asked Imam عليه السلام about ‘a man who arrives from a journey in the month of Ramadan.’ Imam عليه السلام said: “If he arrives before the sun’s decline, then upon him is the fasting of that day, and he counts it.”
- Tahdhīb al-Aḥkām fī Sharḥ al-Muqniʿah, vol. 4, p. 325
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Tahdhīb, p. 372
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ عَنْ عِدَّةٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا اَلْحَسَنِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ قَدِمَ مِنْ سَفَرٍ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ وَ لَمْ يَطْعَمْ شَيْئاً قَبْلَ اَلزَّوَالِ قَالَ» يَصُومُ«.
Muhammad ibn Yaqub, from a number of our companions, from Sahl ibn Ziyad, from Ahmad ibn Muhammad, who said:
I (narrator) asked Abu al-Hasan عليه السلام, peace be upon him, about ‘a man who arrived from a journey in the month of Ramadan and had not tasted anything before the sun’s decline.’ Imam عليه السلام said: “He fasts.”
- Tahdhīb al-Aḥkām fī Sharḥ al-Muqniʿah, vol. 4, p. 325
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Tahdhīb
فهذان الخبران دلا على انه متى لم يكن اكل شيئا ودخل قبل الزوال فانه يجب عليه صوم ذلك اليوم، والذي يدل على انه إذا طلع الفجر وهو خارج البلد فهو بالخيار ما رواه:
These two reports indicate that whenever he has not eaten anything and enters before the decline of the sun from the meridian (zawal), fasting that day is obligatory upon him. And what indicates that, when dawn rises while he is outside the town, he has the choice, is what was narrated (in the following hadith):
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ اِبْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ رِفَاعَةَ بْنِ مُوسَى قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنِ اَلرَّجُلِ يُقْبِلُ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ مِنْ سَفَرٍ حَتَّى يَرَى أَنَّهُ سَيَدْخُلُ أَهْلَهُ ضَحْوَةً أَوِ اِرْتِفَاعَ اَلنَّهَارِ قَالَ »إِذَا طَلَعَ اَلْفَجْرُ وَ هُوَ خَارِجٌ لَمْ يَدْخُلْ فَهُوَ بِالْخِيَارِ إِنْ شَاءَ صَامَ وَ إِنْ شَاءَ أَفْطَرَ«.
Muhammad ibn Yaqub, from Ali ibn Ibrahim, from his father, from Ibn Abi Umayr, from Rifaa ibn Musa, who said:
I (narrator) asked Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him, about ‘a man who comes in the month of Ramadan from a journey until he sees that he will enter upon his family in the forenoon or when the day has risen high.’ Imam عليه السلام said: “When dawn rises while he is outside and has not entered, then he has the choice: if he wishes, he fasts, and if he wishes, he breaks the fast.”
- Tahdhīb al-Aḥkām fī Sharḥ al-Muqniʿah, vol. 4, p. 326
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Tahdhīb
اَلْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ عَنِ اَلنَّضْرِ بْنِ سُوَيْدٍ عَنْ عَاصِمِ بْنِ حُمَيْدٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنِ اَلرَّجُلِ قَدِمَ مِنْ سَفَرٍ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ فَيَدْخُلُ أَهْلَهُ حِينَ يُصْبِحُ أَوِ اِرْتِفَاعَ اَلنَّهَارِ فَقَالَ» إِذَا طَلَعَ اَلْفَجْرُ وَ هُوَ خَارِجٌ لَمْ يَدْخُلْ أَهْلَهُ فَهُوَ بِالْخِيَارِ إِنْ شَاءَ صَامَ وَ إِنْ شَاءَ أَفْطَرَ«.
Al-Husayn ibn Said, from al-Nadr ibn Suwayd, from Asim ibn Humayd, from Muhammad ibn Muslim, who said:
I (narrator) asked Abu Ja’far عليه السلام, peace be upon him, about ‘a man who arrived from a journey in the month of Ramadan and entered upon his family when morning began or when the day had risen high.’ Imam عليه السلام said: “When dawn rises while he is outside and has not entered upon his family, then he has the choice: if he wishes, he fasts, and if he wishes, he breaks the fast.”
- Tahdhīb al-Aḥkām fī Sharḥ al-Muqniʿah, vol. 4, p. 326
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Tahdhīb, p. 372
Commentary #1