There is no contradiction between these narrations and those that we presented earlier, because the allowance and the command to perform the prayer after Fajr and with Fajr in these reports is directed to the one who was not able to include them within the night prayer. And none of these reports state that it is not permissible to perform them before Fajr; rather, in many of them, it is stated that one may perform them before, after, and with it. It is also possible that what is meant by “with Fajr” and “after Fajr” is the first dawn (al-fajr al-awwal), which rises vertically, and not the second dawn (al-fajr al-thani), which spreads across the horizon of the sky. What clarifies what we have mentioned is what was narrated:
Commentary #57