Tahdhīb al-Aḥkām - The Refinement of Laws
Tahdhīb al-Aḥkām(Vol. 2)
The Refinement of Laws
Volume 2 of 4
Tahdhīb al-Aḥkām, compiled by Shaykh al-Ṭūsī (d. 460 AH), is the third of the Four Main Shīʿī Ḥadīth collections. Conceived as a Ḥadīth-based commentary on al-Muqniʿa, the legal work of his teacher Shaykh al-Mufīd, it concentrates on al-furūʿ—the practical rulings of Islamic law—rather than questions of doctrine.
Beginning with ritual purity, it proceeds through prayer, alms, fasting, pilgrimage, commerce, marriage, divorce, inheritance, legal penalties, and related subjects; modern editions are generally printed in ten volumes. Its importance lies not only in the breadth of the reports it preserves, but also in al-Ṭūsī’s method: he places narrations within juristic discussions, examines their evidence, and seeks to reconcile reports that appear to conflict. Tahdhīb is therefore both a major repository of Imāmī Ḥadīth and a foundational work in the development of Shīʿī jurisprudence.
Tahdhīb al-Aḥkām, compiled by Shaykh al-Ṭūsī (d. 460 AH), is the third of the Four Main Shīʿī Ḥadīth collections. Conceived as a Ḥadīth-based commentary on al-Muqniʿa, the legal work of his teacher Shaykh al-Mufīd, it concentrates on al-furūʿ—the practical rulings of Islamic law—rather than questions of doctrine.
Beginning with ritual purity, it proceeds through prayer, alms, fasting, pilgrimage, commerce, marriage, divorce, inheritance, legal penalties, and related subjects; modern editions are generally printed in ten volumes. Its importance lies not only in the breadth of the reports it preserves, but also in al-Ṭūsī’s method: he places narrations within juristic discussions, examines their evidence, and seeks to reconcile reports that appear to conflict. Tahdhīb is therefore both a major repository of Imāmī Ḥadīth and a foundational work in the development of Shīʿī jurisprudence.
Chapter 1
12 commentaries, 26 hadithsChapter on Recommended (Non-Obligatory) Prayers
Chapter 2
2 commentaries, 8 hadithsChapter on Obligation of Prayer During Travel
Chapter 3
4 commentaries, 15 hadithsChapter on Recommended (Nafl) Prayers During Travel
Chapter 4
20 commentaries, 83 hadithsChapter on Times of Prayer and Sign of Each of Its Times
Chapter 5
5 commentaries, 28 hadithsChapter on the Qiblah (Direction of Prayer)
Chapter 6
14 commentaries, 47 hadithsChapter on the Adhan (Call to Prayer) and the Iqamah
Chapter 7
8 commentaries, 25 hadithsChapter on the Number of Phrases in the Adhan and Iqamah, and Their Description
Chapter 8
63 commentaries, 310 hadithsChapter on the Manner of Prayer, Explanation of the Fifty-One Rak‘ahs; The Order, Recitation, Tasbih in Bowing and Prostration, Qunut, and What is Obligatory and Recommended Therein
Chapter 9
47 commentaries, 157 hadithsChapter on the Detailed Explanation of Prayer, Including the Obligatory and Recommended, and What is Permissible and Not Permissible.
Chapter 10
36 commentaries, 93 hadithsChapter on Rulings on Forgetfulness (Sahw) in Prayer and What Requires Repeating of Prayer
Chapter 11
48 commentaries, 139 hadithsChapter on What is Permissible to Pray in, from Clothing and Place, and What is Not Permissible to Pray in, from That
Chapter 12
2 commentaries, 32 hadithsChapter on the Merit of Prayer, and What is Obligatory and Recommended from It
Chapter 13
28 commentaries, 135 hadithsChapter on the Prayer Times (Mawaqit)
Chapter 14
2 commentaries, 46 hadithsChapter on the Adhan and the Iqamah
Chapter 15
40 commentaries, 268 hadithsChapter on the Manner of Prayer, Its Description and What is Obligatory and Recommended
Chapter 16
9 commentaries, 56 hadithsChapter on the Rulings on Forgetfulness (Ahkam al-Sahw)
Chapter 17
13 commentaries, 115 hadithsChapter on What is Permissible and Impermissible to Pray in - of Clothing and Place
Chapter 18
1 commentary, 8 hadithsChapter on the Ages That Children Are Commanded to Pray
Chapter 19
1 commentary, 7 hadithsChapter on the Additional Reports