Chapter on Emancipation and Its Rulings
Man Lā Yaḥḍuruh al-Faqīh|Volume 3|Book 1|Chapter 46
وَ رَوَى حَرِيزٌ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ رَجُلٌ وَرِثَ غُلاَماً وَ لَهُ فِيهِ شُرَكَاءُ فَأَعْتَقَ لِوَجْهِ اَللَّهِ نَصِيبَهُ فَقَالَ "إِذَا أَعْتَقَ نَصِيبَهُ مُضَارَّةً وَ هُوَ مُوسِرٌ ضَمِنَ لِلْوَرَثَةِ وَ إِذَا أَعْتَقَ نَصِيبَهُ لِوَجْهِ اَللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ كَانَ اَلْغُلاَمُ قَدْ أُعْتِقَ مِنْهُ حِصَّةُ مَنْ أَعْتَقَ وَ يَسْتَعْمِلُونَهُ عَلَى قَدْرِ مَا لَهُمْ فِيهِ فَإِنْ كَانَ فِيهِ نِصْفُهُ عَمِلَ لَهُمْ يَوْماً وَ لَهُ يَوْمٌ وَ إِنْ أَعْتَقَ اَلشَّرِيكُ مُضَارّاً فَلاَ عِتْقَ لَهُ لِأَنَّهُ أَرَادَ أَنْ يُفْسِدَ عَلَى اَلْقَوْمِ وَ يَرْجِعُ اَلْقَوْمُ عَلَى حِصَّتِهِمْ".
Hariz narrated from Muhammad ibn Muslim, who said: I said to Abu Abdullah عليه السلام, "A man inherited a slave, and there were partners with him in the ownership of the slave. He freed his share for the sake of Allah سبحانه وتعالى." Imam عليه السلام said: "If he freed his share with the intent of causing harm while being financially capable, he must compensate the heirs. But if he freed his share sincerely for the sake of Allah سبحانه وتعالى, the portion belonging to the one who freed him is emancipated. The remaining partners may utilize the slave according to their shares. For instance, if half of the slave is still owned by the partners, the slave will work one day for them and one day for himself. However, if the partner freed his share with the intent of causing harm, the emancipation is invalid because he intended to create disruption for the others. In such a case, the remaining partners retain their shares."
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh, p. 199