Chapter on the Prayer of Fear
Tahdhīb al-Aḥkām|Volume 3|Book 1|Chapter 12
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ اِبْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ حَمَّادٍ عَنِ اَلْحَلَبِيِّ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَ عَنْ صَلاَةِ اَلْخَوْفِ قَالَ« يَقُومُ اَلْإِمَامُ وَ يَجِيءُ طَائِفَةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ فَيَقُومُونَ خَلْفَهُ وَطَائِفَةٌ بِإِزَاءِ اَلْعَدُوِّ فَيُصَلِّي بِهِمُ اَلْإِمَامُ رَكْعَةً ثُمَّ يَقُومُ وَ يَقُومُونَ مَعَهُ فَيَمْثُلُ قَائِماً وَ يُصَلُّونَ هُمُ اَلرَّكْعَةَ اَلثَّانِيَةَ ثُمَّ يُسَلِّمُ بَعْضُهُمْ عَلَى بَعْضٍ ثُمَّ يَنْصَرِفُونَ فَيَقُومُونَ فِي مَقَامِ أَصْحَابِهِمْ وَ يَجِيءُ اَلْآخَرُونَ فَيَقُومُونَ خَلْفَ اَلْإِمَامِ فَيُصَلِّي بِهِمُ اَلرَّكْعَةَ اَلثَّانِيَةَ ثُمَّ يَجْلِسُ اَلْإِمَامُ وَ يَقُومُونَ هُمْ فَيُصَلُّونَ رَكْعَةً أُخْرَى ثُمَّ يُسَلِّمُ عَلَيْهِمْ فَيَنْصَرِفُونَ بِتَسْلِيمَةٍ» قَالَ« وَ فِي اَلْمَغْرِبِ مِثْلُ ذَلِكَ يَقُومُ اَلْإِمَامُ وَ تَجِيءُ طَائِفَةٌ فَيَقُومُونَ خَلْفَهُ فَيُصَلِّي بِهِمْ ثُمَّ يَقُومُ وَ يَقُومُونَ فَيَمْثُلُ اَلْإِمَامُ قَائِماً وَ يُصَلُّونَ اَلرَّكْعَتَيْنِ وَ يَتَشَهَّدُونَ وَ يُسَلِّمُ بَعْضُهُمْ عَلَى بَعْضٍ ثُمَّ يَنْصَرِفُونَ فَيَقُومُونَ فِي مَوْقِفِ أَصْحَابِهِمْ وَ يَجِيءُ اَلْآخَرُونَ فَيَقُومُونَ فِي مَوْقِفِ أَصْحَابِهِمْ خَلْفَ اَلْإِمَامِ فَيُصَلِّي بِهِمْ رَكْعَةً يَقْرَأُ فِيهَا ثُمَّ يَجْلِسُ وَ يَتَشَهَّدُ وَ يَقُومُ وَ يَقُومُونَ مَعَهُ وَ يُصَلِّي بِهِمْ رَكْعَةً أُخْرَى ثُمَّ يَجْلِسُ وَ يَقُومُونَ هُمْ فَيُصَلُّونَ رَكْعَةً أُخْرَى ثُمَّ يُسَلِّمُ عَلَيْهِمْ»
Muhammad ibn Yaqub by Ali ibn Ibrahim from his father from Ibn Abi Umayr from Hammad from al-Halabi:
I asked Aba Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him, about the prayer of fear. Imam عليه السلام said: “The imam (of prayer) stands, and a group from among his companions comes and stands behind him, while another group positions themselves facing the enemy. Then the imam (of prayer) leads that group in one rak’ah, then he stands and they stand with him, and he remains standing while they complete the second rak’ah. Then they give salam to one another and depart, and they go to take the place of their companions. Then the others come and stand behind the imam (of prayer), and he leads them in the second rak’ah, then the imam (of prayer) sits, and they (the second group) stand and pray another rak’ah, then he gives salam to them, and they depart with one taslimah.” Imam عليه السلام said: “And in Maghrib, it is similar to that; the imam (of prayer) stands, and a group comes and stands behind him, and he leads them in prayer. Then he stands and they stand, and the imam (of prayer) remains standing, and they pray two rak’ahs, then recite the tashahhud and give salam to one another. Then they depart and go to the position of their companions, and the others come and take the place of their companions behind the imam (of prayer). Then he prays one rak’ah with them, reciting in it, then he sits and recites the tashahhud. Then he stands and they stand with him, and he prays with them another rak’ah. Then he sits, and they stand and pray another rak’ah, then he gives salam to them.”
- Tahdhīb al-Aḥkām fī Sharḥ al-Muqniʿah, vol. 3, p. 188
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Tahdhīb
وَ عَنْهُ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى عَنْ عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ اَلْحَكَمِ عَنْ أَبَانٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اَلرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ:« صَلَّى رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ بِأَصْحَابِهِ فِي غَزَاةِ ذَاتِ اَلرِّقَاعِ صَلاَةَ اَلْخَوْفِ فَفَرَّقَ أَصْحَابَهُ فِرْقَتَيْنِ أَقَامَ فِرْقَةً بِإِزَاءِ اَلْعَدُوِّ وَ فِرْقَةً خَلْفَهُ فَكَبَّرَ وَ كَبَّرُوا فَقَرَأَ وَ أَنْصَتُوا فَرَكَعَ وَ رَكَعُوا وَ سَجَدَ فَسَجَدُوا ثُمَّ اِسْتَتَمَّ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ قَائِماً وَ صَلَّوْا لِأَنْفُسِهِمْ رَكْعَةً ثُمَّ سَلَّمَ بَعْضُهُمْ عَلَى بَعْضٍ ثُمَّ خَرَجُوا إِلَى أَصْحَابِهِمْ وَأَقَامُوا بِإِزَاءِ اَلْعَدُوِّ وَجَاءَ أَصْحَابُهُمْ فَقَامُوا خَلْفَ رَسُولِ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ فَصَلَّى بِهِمْ رَكْعَةً ثُمَّ تَشَهَّدَ وَ سَلَّمَ عَلَيْهِمْ فَقَامُوا فَصَلَّوْا لِأَنْفُسِهِمْ رَكْعَةً وَ سَلَّمَ بَعْضُهُمْ عَلَى بَعْضٍ»
And from him, from Muhammad ibn Yahya, from Abdullah ibn Muhammad ibn Isa, from Ali ibn al-Hakam, from Aban, from Abd al-Rahman ibn Abi Abdillah, from Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him.
Imam al-Sadiq عليه السلام said: “The Messenger of Allah سبحانه وتعالى, may Allah سبحانه وتعالى bless him and his family, prayed the prayer of ‘al Khawf’ (prayer of fear) with his companions in the expedition of Dhat al-Riqa. Prophet صلى الله عليه وعلى آله وسلم divided his companions into two groups; He صلى الله عليه وعلى آله وسلم placed one group facing the enemy, and the other group behind him. He صلى الله عليه وعلى آله وسلم said the takbir, and they said the takbir, then He صلى الله عليه وعلى آله وسلم recited and they listened. Then He صلى الله عليه وعلى آله وسلم bowed and they bowed, and He صلى الله عليه وعلى آله وسلم prostrated and they prostrated. Then the Messenger of Allah سبحانه وتعالى, may Allah سبحانه وتعالى bless him and his family, stood upright, and they completed one rak’ah for themselves. Then some of them gave salam to others, then they went to their companions and stood facing the enemy, And their companions came and stood behind the Messenger of Allah سبحانه وتعالى, may Allah سبحانه وتعالى bless him and his family. Then Prophet صلى الله عليه وعلى آله وسلم prayed one rak’ah with them, then recited the tashahhud and gave salam to them. Then they stood and completed one rak’ah for themselves and gave salam to one another.”
- Tahdhīb al-Aḥkām fī Sharḥ al-Muqniʿah, vol. 3, p. 188
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Tahdhīb
اَلْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ عَنْ فَضَالَةَ عَنْ حَمَّادٍ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ يَقُولُ:« إِنْ كُنْتَ فِي أَرْضِ مَخَافَةٍ فَخَشِيتَ لِصّاً أَوْ سَبُعاً فَصَلِّ اَلْفَرِيضَةَ وَ أَنْتَ عَلَى دَابَّتِكَ»
Al-Husayn ibn Said from Fadalah from Hammad from Abu Basir. He said:
I heard Abu Abdillah عليه السلام say: “If you are in a land of fear and you fear a thief or a wild beast, then pray the obligatory prayer while you are on your mount.”
- Tahdhīb al-Aḥkām fī Sharḥ al-Muqniʿah, vol. 3, p. 189
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Tahdhīb, p. 297
وَعَنْهُ عَنْ فَضَالَةَ عَنْ أَبَانٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اَلرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنِ اَلرَّجُلِ يَخَافُ مِنْ سَبُعٍ أَوْ لِصٍّ كَيْفَ يُصَلِّي قَالَ« يُكَبِّرُ وَ يُومِئُ بِرَأْسِهِ»
And from him, from Fadalah, from Aban, from Abd al-Rahman ibn Abi Abdillah. He said:
I asked Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him, about a man who fears a wild beast or a thief, how should he pray? Imam عليه السلام said: “He should say the takbir and gesture with his head.”
- Tahdhīb al-Aḥkām fī Sharḥ al-Muqniʿah, vol. 3, p. 189
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Tahdhīb, p. 297
سَعْدٌ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ حَدِيدٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اَلرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي نَجْرَانَ وَ اَلْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ حَرِيزِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ قَالَ قَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ:« اَلَّذِي يَخَافُ اَللُّصُوصَ وَ اَلسَّبُعَ يُصَلِّي صَلاَةَ اَلْمُوَاقَفَةِ إِيمَاءً عَلَى دَابَّتِهِ» قَالَ قُلْتُ أَ رَأَيْتَ إِنْ لَمْ يَكُنِ اَلْمُوَاقِفُ عَلَى وُضُوءٍ كَيْفَ يَصْنَعُ وَ لاَ يَقْدِرُ عَلَى اَلنُّزُولِ قَالَ« يَتَيَمَّمُ مِنْ لِبْدِ سَرْجِهِ أَوْ دَابَّتِهِ أَوْ مِنْ مَعْرَفَةِ دَابَّتِهِ فَإِنَّ فِيهَا غُبَاراً وَ يُصَلِّي وَ يَجْعَلُ اَلسُّجُودَ أَخْفَضَ مِنَ اَلرُّكُوعِ وَ لاَ يَدُورُ إِلَى اَلْقِبْلَةِ وَ لَكِنْ أَيْنَمَا دَارَتْ دَابَّتُهُ غَيْرَ أَنَّهُ يَسْتَقْبِلُ اَلْقِبْلَةَ بِأَوَّلِ تَكْبِيرَةٍ حِينَ يَتَوَجَّهُ»
Sadd from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Ali ibn Hadid from Abd al-Rahman ibn Abi Najran, and al-Husayn ibn Sa’id from Hammad ibn Isa from Hariz ibn Abdillah from Zurarah. He said:
Abu Ja’far عليه السلام, peace be upon him, said: “The one who fears thieves and wild beasts should perform the prayer of those in dangerous situations, by gesturing while on his mount.” I (Zurarah) asked: “What if the person in such a situation, is not in a state of ablution and is unable to dismount, what should he do?” Imam عليه السلام said: “He performs tayammum from the felt of his saddle or from his mount or from the mane of his mount, for there is dust in it, and he performs the prayer, and makes his prostration lower than his bowing. He does not turn toward the qibla, but rather wherever his mount turns except that he must face the qibla for the first takbirah when he begins the prayer.”
- Tahdhīb al-Aḥkām fī Sharḥ al-Muqniʿah, vol. 3, p. 189
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Tahdhīb, p. 297