Chapter on Sharecropping and Leasing
Man Lā Yaḥḍuruh al-Faqīh|Volume 3|Book 2|Chapter 14
Man Lā Yaḥḍuruh al-Faqīh
Volume 3, Book 2, Chapter 14
Chapter on Sharecropping and Leasing
27 hadiths · 2 commentaries
رُوِيَ عَنْ يَعْقُوبَ بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ اَلرَّجُلِ يُعْطِي اَلرَّجُلَ أَرْضَهُ وَ فِيهَا مَاءٌ وَ نَخْلٌ وَ فَاكِهَةٌ فَيَقُولُ اِسْقِ هَذَا مِنَ اَلْمَاءِ وَ اُعْمُرْهُ وَ لَكَ نِصْفُ مَا أَخْرَجَ اَللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ مِنْهُ قَالَ "لاَ بَأْسَ" قَالَ وَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ اَلرَّجُلِ يُعْطِي اَلرَّجُلَ اَلْأَرْضَ اَلْخَرِبَةَ فَيَقُولُ اُعْمُرْهَا وَ هِيَ لَكَ ثَلاَثَ سِنِينَ أَوْ أَرْبَعَ أَوْ خَمْسَ سِنِينَ أَوْ مَا شَاءَ قَالَ "لاَ بَأْسَ بِذَلِكَ" قَالَ وَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ اَلرَّجُلِ تَكُونُ لَهُ اَلْأَرْضُ مِنْ أَرْضِ اَلْخَرَاجِ عَلَيْهَا خَرَاجٌ مَعْلُومٌ وَ رُبَّمَا زَادَ وَ رُبَّمَا نَقَصَ فَيَدْفَعُهَا إِلَى اَلرَّجُلِ عَلَى أَنْ يَكْفِيَهُ خَرَاجَهَا وَ يُعْطِيَهُ مِائَتَيْ دِرْهَمٍ فِي اَلسَّنَةِ قَالَ "لاَ بَأْسَ".
It is narrated from Ya'qub bin Shu'ayb, from Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, who said: I asked Imam عليه السلام about a man who gives his land, which has water, palm trees, and fruits, to another man and says, "Irrigate this with water, cultivate it, and you will have half of what Allah سبحانه وتعالى, the Mighty and Glorious, produces from it." Imam عليه السلام said: "There is no harm in it." I also asked him about a man who gives another man a piece of ruined land and says, "Rebuild it, and it is yours for three years, or four, or five years, or for whatever period you decide." Imam عليه السلام said: "There is no harm in that." I further asked Imam عليه السلام about a man who owns a piece of land from the lands subject to tax (kharaj) with a fixed tax, which sometimes increases and sometimes decreases. He leases it to another man under the condition that the lessee will cover its tax and pay him two hundred dirhams annually. Imam عليه السلام said: "There is no harm in that."
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh, p. 235
وَ سَأَلَ سَمَاعَةُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنِ اَلرَّجُلِ يَتَقَبَّلُ اَلْأَرْضَ بِطِيبَةِ نَفْسِ أَهْلِهَا عَلَى شَرْطٍ يُشَارِطُهُمْ عَلَيْهِ قَالَ "لَهُ أَجْرُ بُيُوتِهَا إِلاَّ اَلَّذِي كَانَ فِي أَيْدِي دَهَاقِينِهَا إِلاَّ أَنْ يَكُونَ قَدِ اِشْتَرَطَ عَلَى أَصْحَابِ اَلْأَرْضِ مَا فِي أَيْدِي اَلدَّهَاقِينِ".
Sama'ah asked Abu Abdillah عليه السلام about a man who leases land with the consent of its owners, based on specific conditions agreed upon with them. Imam عليه السلام said: "He is entitled to the rent of its houses, except for what is already in the possession of its cultivators (dahaaqeen), unless he stipulated with the landowners to include what is in the possession of the cultivators."
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh, p. 236
وَ رَوَى شُعَيْبٌ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: "إِذَا تَقَبَّلْتَ أَرْضاً بِطِيبَةِ نَفْسِ أَهْلِهَا عَلَى شَرْطٍ شَارَطْتَهُمْ عَلَيْهِ فَإِنَّ لَكَ كُلَّ فَضْلٍ فِي حَرْثِهَا إِذَا وَفَيْتَ لَهُمْ وَ إِنَّكَ إِنْ رَمَمْتَ فِيهَا مَرَمَّةً وَ أَحْدَثْتَ فِيهَا بِنَاءً فَإِنَّ لَكَ أَجْرَ بُيُوتِهَا إِلاَّ مَا كَانَ فِي أَيْدِي دَهَاقِينِهَا".
Shu'ayb narrated from Abu Basir, from Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, who said: "If you lease land with the consent of its owners, based on specific conditions you agreed upon with them, then any surplus from its cultivation belongs to you, provided you fulfill your agreement with them. If you repair anything in it or construct buildings on it, then you are entitled to the rent of its buildings, except for what is already in the possession of its cultivators (dahaaqeen)."
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh, p. 236
وَ رَوَى اَلْعَلاَءُ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ أَحَدِهِمَا عَلَيْهِمَا اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ اِسْتَأْجَرَ أَرْضاً بِأَلْفِ دِرْهَمٍ ثُمَّ آجَرَ بَعْضَهَا بِمِائَتَيْ دِرْهَمٍ ثُمَّ قَالَ لَهُ صَاحِبُ اَلْأَرْضِ اَلَّذِي آجَرَهُ أَنَا أَدْخُلُ مَعَكَ فِيهَا بِمَا اِسْتَأْجَرْتَ فَنُنْفِقُ جَمِيعاً فَمَا كَانَ فِيهَا مِنْ فَضْلٍ كَانَ بَيْنِي وَ بَيْنَكَ قَالَ "لاَ بَأْسَ بِذَلِكَ".
Al-Ala' narrated from Muhammad bin Muslim, from one of the Imams عليه السلام, who said: I asked Imam عليه السلام about a man who rented land for one thousand dirhams, then subleased part of it for two hundred dirhams. Later, the owner of the land who had leased it to him said: "I will join you in it under the same terms you rented it, and we will spend on it together, and whatever profit it yields will be shared between you and me." Imam عليه السلام said: "There is no harm in that."
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh, p. 236
وَ رَوَى أَبَانٌ عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ اِسْتَأْجَرَ مِنْ رَجُلٍ أَرْضاً فَقَالَ آجِرْنِيهَا بِكَذَا وَ كَذَا إِنْ زَرَعْتُهَا أَوْ لَمْ أَزْرَعْهَا أُعْطِيكَ ذَلِكَ فَلَمْ يَزْرَعِ اَلرَّجُلُ قَالَ "لَهُ أَنْ يَأْخُذَهُ بِمَالِهِ إِنْ شَاءَ تَرَكَ وَ إِنْ شَاءَ لَمْ يَتْرُكْ".
Aban narrated from Isma'il who said: I asked Abu Abdillah عليه السلام about a man who rented land from another man and said: "Rent it to me for such-and-such amount, whether I cultivate it or not, I will pay you that amount." However, the man did not cultivate the land. Imam عليه السلام said: "The owner has the right to claim the payment. If he wishes, he may waive it, and if he wishes, he may not waive it."
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh, p. 236
وَ رَوَى إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ عَمَّارٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: "لاَ تَسْتَأْجِرِ اَلْأَرْضَ بِالتَّمْرِ وَ لاَ بِالْحِنْطَةِ وَ لاَ بِالشَّعِيرِ وَ لاَ بِالْأَرْبِعَاءِ وَ لاَ بِالنِّطَافِ" قُلْتُ وَ مَا اَلْأَرْبِعَاءُ قَالَ "اَلشِّرْبُ وَ اَلنِّطَافُ فَضْلُ اَلْمَاءِ وَ لَكِنْ تَتَقَبَّلُهَا بِالذَّهَبِ وَ اَلْفِضَّةِ وَ اَلنِّصْفِ وَ اَلثُّلُثِ وَ اَلرُّبُعِ ".
Ishaq bin Ammar narrated from Abu Abdillah عليه السلام who said: "Do not rent land in exchange for dates, wheat, barley, water shares (arbi'a'), or surplus water (nitaaf)." I asked: "What is arbi'a'?" Imam عليه السلام said: "It means water shares, and nitaaf refers to surplus water. However, you may lease the land for gold, silver, half, a third, or a quarter."
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh, p. 237
وَ رَوَى مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: فِي رَجُلٍ اِكْتَرَى دَاراً وَ فِيهَا بُسْتَانٌ فَزَرَعَ فِي اَلْبُسْتَانِ وَ غَرَسَ نَخْلاً وَ أَشْجَاراً وَ فَاكِهَةً وَ غَيْرَهَا وَ لَمْ يَسْتَأْمِرْ فِي ذَلِكَ صَاحِبَ اَلدَّارِ قَالَ "عَلَيْهِ اَلْكِرَى وَ يُقَوِّمُ صَاحِبُ اَلدَّارِ ذَلِكَ اَلْغَرْسَ وَ اَلزَّرْعَ فَيُعْطِيهِ اَلْغَارِسَ إِنْ كَانَ اِسْتَأْمَرَهُ فِي ذَلِكَ وَ إِنْ لَمْ يَكُنِ اِسْتَأْمَرَهُ فَعَلَيْهِ اَلْكِرَى وَ لَهُ اَلْغَرْسُ وَ اَلزَّرْعُ يَقْلَعُهُ وَ يَذْهَبُ بِهِ حَيْثُ شَاءَ".
Muhammad bin Muslim narrated from Abu Ja'far Imam Al-Baqir عليه السلام regarding a man who rented a house that included a garden. The tenant planted crops, palm trees, and other fruit-bearing trees without seeking the landlord's permission. Imam عليه السلام said: "He is responsible for paying the rent. The landlord should evaluate the plants and crops, and compensate the tenant if he had sought permission for planting them. However, if the tenant did not seek permission, he is still responsible for paying the rent, but the plants and crops belong to him. He may uproot them and take them wherever he wishes."
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh, p. 237
وَ رَوَى إِدْرِيسُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ عَنْ أَبِي اَلْحَسَنِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لَهُ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ إِنَّ لَنَا ضِيَاعاً وَ لَهَا اَلدُّولاَبُ وَ فِيهَا مَرَاعِي وَ لِلرَّجُلِ مِنَّا غَنَمٌ وَ إِبِلٌ وَ يَحْتَاجُ إِلَى تِلْكَ اَلْمَرَاعِي لِغَنَمِهِ وَ إِبِلِهِ أَ يَحِلُّ لَهُ أَنْ يَحْمِيَ اَلْمَرَاعِيَ لِحَاجَتِهِ إِلَيْهَا قَالَ "إِذَا كَانَتِ اَلْأَرْضُ أَرْضَهُ فَلَهُ أَنْ يَحْمِيَ وَ يُصَيِّرَ ذَلِكَ إِلَى مَا يَحْتَاجُ إِلَيْهِ" وَ قُلْتُ لَهُ اَلرَّجُلُ يَبِيعُ اَلْمَرْعَى فَقَالَ "إِذَا كَانَتِ اَلْأَرْضُ أَرْضَهُ فَلاَ بَأْسَ".
Idris bin Zayd narrated from Abu Al-Hasan عليه السلام who said: I said to him, "May I be your ransom, we have lands that contain waterwheels and pastures, and some of us have sheep and camels and need these pastures for them. Is it permissible for him to reserve the pastures for his own need?" Imam عليه السلام said: "If the land is his, then he may reserve it and allocate it according to his needs." I then asked him, "Can a man sell the pasture?" Imam عليه السلام said: "If the land is his, then there is no harm in it."
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh
وَ رَوَى اَلْحَسَنُ بْنُ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ اَلْكَرْخِيِّ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ أُشَارِكُ اَلْعِلْجَ اَلْمُشْرِكَ فَيَكُونُ مِنْ عِنْدِي اَلْأَرْضُ وَ اَلْبَقَرُ وَ اَلْبَذْرُ وَ يَكُونُ عَلَى اَلْعِلْجِ اَلْقِيَامُ وَ اَلسَّعْيُ وَ اَلْعَمَلُ فِي اَلزَّرْعِ حَتَّى يَصِيرَ حِنْطَةً أَوْ شَعِيراً وَ تَكُونُ اَلْقِسْمَةُ فَيَأْخُذُ اَلسُّلْطَانُ حَظَّهُ وَ يَبْقَى مَا بَقِيَ عَلَى أَنَّ لِلْعِلْجِ مِنْهُ اَلثُّلُثَ وَ لِيَ اَلْبَاقِيَ فَقَالَ "لاَ بَأْسَ بِذَلِكَ" قُلْتُ فَإِنَّ عَلَيْهِ أَنْ يَرُدَّ عَلَيَّ مَا أَخْرَجْتُ مِنَ اَلْبَذْرِ وَ يَقْسِمَ اَلْبَاقِيَ فَقَالَ "لاَ إِنَّمَا شَارَكْتَهُ عَلَى أَنَّ اَلْبَذْرَ وَ اَلْبَقَرَ وَ اَلْأَرْضَ مِنْ عِنْدِكَ وَ عَلَيْهِ اَلْقِيَامَ وَ اَلسَّعْيَ".
Al-Hasan bin Mahbub narrated from Ibrahim Al-Karkhi who said: I said to Abu Abdillah عليه السلام: "I partner with a non-Muslim (al-ilj) in such a way that the land, cattle, and seeds are provided by me, and the non-Muslim is responsible for managing, working, and cultivating the crops until they become wheat or barley. Afterward, harvest is divided, the authorities take their share, and from the remaining portion, the non-Muslim receives one-third while I take the rest." Imam عليه السلام said: "There is no harm in that." I then asked: "Is he required to return to me what I spent on the seeds and then divide the remaining harvest?" Imam عليه السلام said: "No. You partnered with him based on the agreement that the seeds, cattle, and land are provided by you, while he is responsible for the labor and effort."
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh, p. 237
وَ رَوَى اَلْحَسَنُ بْنُ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ خَالِدِ بْنِ جَرِيرٍ أَخِي إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ جَرِيرٍ قَالَ: سُئِلَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنْ أَرْضٍ يُرِيدُ رَجُلٌ أَنْ يَتَقَبَّلَهَا فَأَيُّ وُجُوهِ اَلْقَبَالَةِ أَحَلُّ قَالَ "يَتَقَبَّلُ مِنْ أَهْلِهَا بِشَيْءٍ مُسَمًّى إِلَى سِنِينَ مُسَمَّاةٍ فَيَعْمُرُ وَ يُؤَدِّي اَلْخَرَاجَ فَإِنْ كَانَ فِيهَا عُلُوجٌ فَلاَ يُدْخِلِ اَلْعُلُوجَ فِي اَلْقَبَالَةِ فَإِنَّ ذَلِكَ لاَ يَحِلُّ".
Al-Hasan bin Mahbub narrated from Khalid bin Jarir, the brother of Ishaq bin Jarir, who said: Abu Abdillah عليه السلام was asked about a piece of land that a man wanted to lease. He was asked which form of leasing (qabalah) is permissible. Imam عليه السلام said: "He may lease it from its owners for a specified amount and for a specified number of years. He should cultivate it and pay the required tax (kharaj). However, if there are non-Muslim laborers (ʿuluj) working on it, he must not include them in the lease agreement, for that is not permissible."
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh, p. 237
وَ رَوَى اَلْحَسَنُ بْنُ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ خَالِدٍ عَنْ أَبِي اَلرَّبِيعِ قَالَ: سُئِلَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنِ اَلرَّجُلِ يَتَقَبَّلُ اَلْأَرْضَ مِنَ اَلدَّهَاقِينِ فَيُؤَاجِرُهَا بِأَكْثَرَ مِمَّا يَتَقَبَّلُهَا بِهِ وَ يَقُومُ فِيهَا بِحَظِّ اَلسُّلْطَانِ فَقَالَ "لاَ بَأْسَ بِهِ إِنَّ اَلْأَرْضَ لَيْسَتْ مِثْلَ اَلْأَجِيرِ وَ لاَ مِثْلَ اَلْبَيْتِ إِنَّ فَضْلَ اَلْأَجِيرِ وَ اَلْبَيْتِ حَرَامٌ".
Al-Hasan bin Mahbub narrated from Khalid, from Abu Al-Rabi', who said: Abu Abdillah عليه السلام was asked about a man who leases land from the landowners (dahaaqeen) and then subleases it for more than what he leased it for, while also being responsible for paying the taxes required by the authorities. Imam عليه السلام said: "There is no harm in that. Land is not like a hired worker or a rented house, as the profit from a worker or a house is prohibited."
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh, p. 238
وَ لَوْ أَنَّ رَجُلاً اِسْتَأْجَرَ دَاراً بِعَشَرَةِ دَرَاهِمَ فَسَكَنَ ثُلُثَيْهَا وَ آجَرَ ثُلُثَهَا بِعَشَرَةِ دَرَاهِمَ لَمْ يَكُنْ بِهِ بَأْسٌ وَ لَكِنْ لاَ يُؤَاجِرْهَا بِأَكْثَرَ مِمَّا اِسْتَأْجَرَهَا.
If a man rents a house for ten dirhams, lives in two-thirds of it, and subleases one-third of it for ten dirhams, there is no harm in that. However, he must not sublease it for more than what he rented it for.
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh
وَ سُئِلَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ اِسْتَأْجَرَ أَرْضاً مِنْ أَرْضِ اَلْخَرَاجِ بِدَرَاهِمَ مُسَمَّاةٍ أَوْ بِطَعَامٍ مُسَمًّى فَيُؤَاجِرُهَا جَرِيباً جَرِيباً أَوْ قِطْعَةً قِطْعَةً بِشَيْءٍ مَعْلُومٍ فَيَكُونُ لَهُ فَضْلٌ فِيمَا اِسْتَأْجَرَ مِنَ اَلسُّلْطَانِ وَ لاَ يُنْفِقُ شَيْئاً أَوْ يُؤَاجِرُ تِلْكَ اَلْأَرْضَ قِطَعاً عَلَى أَنْ يُعْطِيَهُمُ اَلْبُذُورَ وَ اَلنَّفَقَةَ فَيَكُونَ لَهُ فِي ذَلِكَ فَضْلٌ عَلَى إِجَارَتِهِ وَ لَهُ مَرَمَّةُ اَلْأَرْضِ أَ لَهُ ذَلِكَ أَوْ لَيْسَ لَهُ فَقَالَ "إِذَا اِسْتَأْجَرْتَ أَرْضاً فَأَنْفَقْتَ فِيهَا شَيْئاً أَوْ رَمَمْتَ فِيهَا فَلاَ بَأْسَ بِمَا ذَكَرْتَ".
Abu Abdillah عليه السلام was asked about a man who rented land from the kharaj lands for a specified amount of dirhams or a specified quantity of food. He then subleased it, piece by piece or plot by plot, for a known price, and gained a profit over what he rented it for from the authorities without spending anything on it. Or, he subleased parts of the land while providing seeds and expenses to the tenants, resulting in a profit beyond his rental cost, and he maintained the land. Imam عليه السلام said: "If you rent land and spend on it or maintain it, then there is no harm in what you have described."
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh
رُوِيَ عَنْ أَبِي اَلرَّبِيعِ قَالَ قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ "كَانَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ يَقُولُ": "إِذَا بِيعَ اَلْحَائِطُ وَ فِيهِ اَلنَّخْلُ وَ اَلشَّجَرُ سَنَةً وَاحِدَةً فَلاَ يُبَاعَنَّ حَتَّى يَبْلُغَ ثَمَرَتُهُ وَ إِذَا بِيعَ سَنَتَيْنِ أَوْ ثَلاَثاً فَلاَ بَأْسَ بِبَيْعِهِ بَعْدَ أَنْ يَكُونَ فِيهِ شَيْءٌ مِنَ اَلْخَضِرِ ".
It is narrated from Abu Al-Rabi' who said that Abu Abdillah عليه السلام said: "Abu Ja'far Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir عليه السلام used to say: If an orchard containing palm trees and other trees is sold for one year, it should not be sold until its fruits have ripened. However, if it is sold for two or three years, then there is no harm in selling it as long as there is some greenery present in it."
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh
وَ رُوِيَ عَنْ أَبِي اَلرَّبِيعِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: فِي رَجُلٍ يَزْرَعُ فِي أَرْضِ رَجُلٍ عَلَى أَنْ يُشْتَرَطَ لِلْبَقَرِ اَلثُّلُثُ وَ لِلْبَذْرِ اَلثُّلُثُ وَ لِصَاحِبِ اَلْأَرْضِ اَلثُّلُثُ فَقَالَ "لاَ يُسَمِّي بَقَراً وَ لاَ بَذْراً وَ لَكِنْ يَقُولُ لِصَاحِبِ اَلْأَرْضِ أُزَارِعُكَ فِي أَرْضِكَ وَ لَكَ كَذَا وَ كَذَا مِمَّا أَخْرَجَ اَللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ فِيهَا".
It is narrated from Abu Al-Rabi', from Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, regarding a man who cultivates another man's land on the condition that one-third is allocated for the oxen, one-third for the seeds, and one-third for the landowner. Imam عليه السلام said: "He should not specify shares for the oxen or the seeds. Instead, he should say to the landowner, 'I will cultivate your land, and you will receive such-and-such portion of what Allah سبحانه وتعالى, the Mighty and Glorious, produces from it.'"
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh, p. 238
قَالَ أَبُو اَلرَّبِيعِ وَ قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: فِي رَجُلٍ يَأْتِي أَهْلَ قَرْيَةٍ وَ قَدِ اِعْتَدَى عَلَيْهِمُ اَلسُّلْطَانُ فَضَعُفُوا عَنِ اَلْقِيَامِ بِخَرَاجِهَا وَ اَلْقَرْيَةُ فِي أَيْدِيهِمْ وَ لاَ يُدْرَى لَهُمْ هِيَ أَمْ لِغَيْرِهِمْ فِيهَا شَيْءٌ فَيَدْفَعُونَهَا إِلَيْهِ عَلَى أَنْ يُؤَدِّيَ خَرَاجَهَا فَيَأْخُذُهَا مِنْهُمْ وَ يُؤَدِّي خَرَاجَهَا وَ يَفْضُلُ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ شَيْءٌ كَثِيرٌ فَقَالَ "لاَ بَأْسَ بِذَلِكَ إِذَا كَانَ اَلشَّرْطُ عَلَيْهِمْ بِذَلِكَ".
Abu Al-Rabi' said that Abu Abdillah عليه السلام was asked about a man who comes to the people of a village that has been overburdened by the authorities, making them unable to pay its taxes. The village remains in their possession, but it is unclear whether it fully belongs to them or if others have a share in it. They hand over the village to him on the condition that he pays its taxes. He takes possession of it, pays the taxes, and ends up with a significant surplus. Imam عليه السلام said: "There is no harm in that, as long as such an agreement was made with them."
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh, p. 238
وَ فِي رِوَايَةِ حَمَّادٍ عَنِ اَلْحَلَبِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ مُزَارَعَةِ أَهْلِ اَلْخَرَاجِ بِالرُّبُعِ وَ اَلثُّلُثِ وَ اَلنِّصْفِ فَقَالَ "لاَ بَأْسَ قَدْ قَبَّلَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ، أَهْلَ خَيْبَرَ أَعْطَاهَا اَلْيَهُودَ حِينَ فُتِحَتْ عَلَيْهِ بِالْخَبْرِ وَ اَلْخَبْرُ هُوَ اَلنِّصْفُ".
In a narration from Hammad, from Al-Halabi, from Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, who said: I asked Imam عليه السلام about farming partnerships with the people of kharaj lands based on a quarter, a third, or half of the yield. Imam عليه السلام said: "There is no harm in it. Indeed, the Messenger of Allah سبحانه وتعالى (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) made an agreement with the Jews of Khaybar when it was conquered, granting them the land based on 'al-khabr,' and 'al-khabr' means half."
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh
وَ رَوَى مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ عَنِ اِبْنِ سَيَابَةَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: سَأَلَهُ رَجُلٌ فَقَالَ لَهُ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ أَسْمَعُ قَوْماً يَقُولُونَ إِنَّ اَلزِّرَاعَةَ مَكْرُوهَةٌ فَقَالَ "اِزْرَعُوا وَ اِغْرِسُوا فَلاَ وَ اَللَّهِ مَا عَمِلَ اَلنَّاسُ عَمَلاً أَحَلَّ وَ أَطْيَبَ مِنْهُ وَ اَللَّهِ لَيَزْرَعُنَّ اَلزَّرْعَ وَ اَلنَّخْلَ بَعْدَ خُرُوجِ اَلدَّجَّالِ ".
Muhammad bin Khalid narrated from Ibn Sayyabah, from Abu Abdillah عليه السلام: A man asked Imam عليه السلام: "May I be your ransom! I hear some people saying that farming is disliked." Imam عليه السلام said: "Cultivate and plant! By Allah سبحانه وتعالى, people have not engaged in any work more lawful and pure than this. By Allah سبحانه وتعالى, they will continue to cultivate crops and date palms even after the emergence of the Dajjal."
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh, p. 238
رَوَى اَلْحَلَبِيُّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: "لاَ تَسْتَأْجِرِ اَلْأَرْضَ بِحِنْطَةٍ ثُمَّ تَزْرَعُهَا حِنْطَةً".
Al-Halabi narrated from Abu Abdillah عليه السلام that Imam عليه السلام said: "Do not rent land with wheat and then plant it with wheat."
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh
وَ رَوَى مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سَهْلٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا اَلْحَسَنِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنِ اَلرَّجُلِ يَزْرَعُ لَهُ اَلْحَرَّاثُ اَلزَّعْفَرَانَ وَ يَضْمَنُ لَهُ عَلَى أَنْ يُعْطِيَهُ فِي جَرِيبِ أَرْضٍ يَمْسَحُ عَلَيْهِ كَذَا وَ كَذَا دِرْهَماً فَرُبَّمَا نَقَصَ وَ غَرِمَ وَ رُبَّمَا زَادَ قَالَ "لاَ بَأْسَ بِهِ إِذَا تَرَاضَيَا".
Muhammad bin Sahl narrated from his father, who said: I asked Abu Al-Hasan عليه السلام about a man whose farmer plants saffron for him and guarantees to pay him a specified amount of dirhams for each measured jarib of land. Sometimes the yield is less, causing a loss, and sometimes it is more, yielding a profit. Imam عليه السلام said: "There is no harm in it if they mutually agree."
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh, p. 238
وَ رُوِيَ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ يَقْطِينٍ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا اَلْحَسَنِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنِ اَلرَّجُلِ يَتَكَارَى مِنَ اَلرَّجُلِ اَلْبَيْتَ أَوِ اَلسَّفِينَةَ سَنَةً وَ أَكْثَرَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ أَوْ أَقَلَّ قَالَ "اَلْكِرَى لاَزِمٌ إِلَى اَلْوَقْتِ اَلَّذِي تَكَارَى إِلَيْهِ وَ اَلْخِيَارُ فِي أَخْذِ اَلْكِرَى إِلَى رَبِّهَا إِنْ شَاءَ أَخَذَ وَ إِنْ شَاءَ تَرَكَ".
It is narrated from Ali bin Yaqtin, who said: I asked Abu Al-Hasan عليه السلام about a man who rents a house or a boat from another man for a year, more, or less. Imam عليه السلام said: "The lease is binding until the agreed-upon time. As for the payment of the rent, it is up to the owner, if he wishes, he may take it, and if he wishes, he may waive it."
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh, p. 239
وَ سَأَلَ عَلِيٌّ اَلصَّائِغُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: فَقَالَ أَتَقَبَّلُ اَلْعَمَلَ فَأُقَبِّلُهُ مِنَ اَلْغِلْمَانِ يَعْمَلُونَ مَعِي بِالثُّلُثَيْنِ فَقَالَ "لاَ يَصْلُحُ ذَلِكَ إِلاَّ أَنْ تُعَالِجَ مَعَهُمْ" قُلْتُ فَإِنِّي أُذِيبُهُ لَهُمْ قَالَ "ذَلِكَ عَمَلٌ فَلاَ بَأْسَ".
Ali the goldsmith asked Abu Abdillah عليه السلام: "I take on work and then hire young workers to assist me, giving them two-thirds of the earnings. Is this permissible?" Imam عليه السلام said: "This is not permissible unless you work alongside them." I said: "What if I melt the gold for them?" Imam عليه السلام said: "That is considered work, so there is no harm in it."
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh, p. 239
وَ رَوَى صَفْوَانُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَبِي مُحَمَّدٍ اَلْخَيَّاطِ عَنْ مُجَمِّعٍ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ أَتَقَبَّلُ اَلثِّيَابَ أَخِيطُهَا فَأُعْطِيهَا اَلْغِلْمَانَ بِالثُّلُثَيْنِ قَالَ "أَ لَيْسَ تَعْمَلُ فِيهَا" قُلْتُ أُقَطِّعُهَا وَ أَشْتَرِي لَهُمُ اَلْخُيُوطَ قَالَ "لاَ بَأْسَ".
Safwan bin Yahya narrated from Abu Muhammad Al-Khayyat, from Mujammi', who said: I said to Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, "I take on garments to sew and then give them to young workers, keeping one-third and giving them two-thirds. Is this permissible?" Imam عليه السلام said: "Don't you also work on them?" I said: "I cut the fabric and buy the threads for them." Imam عليه السلام said: "There is no harm in that."
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh, p. 239
وَ رُوِيَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدٍ اَلطَّيَّارِ قَالَ: دَخَلْتُ اَلْمَدِينَةَ وَ طَلَبْتُ بَيْتاً أَتَكَارَاهُ فَدَخَلْتُ دَاراً فِيهَا بَيْتَانِ بَيْنَهُمَا بَابٌ وَ فِيهِ اِمْرَأَةٌ فَقَالَتْ تُكَارِي هَذَا اَلْبَيْتَ قُلْتُ بَيْنَهُمَا بَابٌ وَ أَنَا شَابٌّ قَالَتْ أَنَا أُغْلِقُ اَلْبَابَ بَيْنِي وَ بَيْنَكَ فَحَوَّلْتُ مَتَاعِي فِيهِ وَ قُلْتُ لَهَا أَغْلِقِي اَلْبَابَ فَقَالَتْ تَدْخُلُ عَلَيَّ مِنْهُ اَلرَّوْحُ دَعْهُ فَقُلْتُ لاَ أَنَا شَابٌّ وَ أَنْتِ شَابَّةٌ أَغْلِقِيهِ قَالَتِ اُقْعُدْ أَنْتَ فِي بَيْتِكَ فَلَسْتُ آتِيكَ وَ لاَ أَقْرَبُكَ وَ أَبَتْ أَنْ تُغْلِقَهُ فَأَتَيْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ فَسَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ ذَلِكَ فَقَالَ "تَحَوَّلْ مِنْهُ فَإِنَّ اَلرَّجُلَ وَ اَلْمَرْأَةَ إِذَا خُلِّيَا فِي بَيْتٍ كَانَ ثَالِثُهُمَا اَلشَّيْطَانَ".
It is narrated from Muhammad Al-Tayyar, who said: I entered Medina looking for a house to rent. I came across a property with two rooms separated by a door, and a woman was living there. She said: "Would you like to rent this room?" I said: "But there is a door between the two rooms, and I am a young man." She said: "I will close the door between me and you." So, I moved my belongings into the room and said to her: "Close the door." She said: "I need it open for ventilation. Leave it." I replied: "No, I am a young man, and you are a young woman, close it." She said: "Stay in your room. I will not come to you or approach you," but she refused to close the door. So I went to Abu Abdillah عليه السلام and asked him about this matter. Imam عليه السلام said: "Move out of there, for when a man and a woman are left alone in a house, the third one among them is Satan."
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh
وَ كَتَبَ أَبُو هَمَّامٍ إِلَى أَبِي اَلْحَسَنِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: فِي رَجُلٍ اِسْتَأْجَرَ ضَيْعَةً مِنْ رَجُلٍ فَبَاعَ اَلْمُؤَاجِرُ تِلْكَ اَلضَّيْعَةَ بِحَضْرَةِ اَلْمُسْتَأْجِرِ وَ لَمْ يُنْكِرِ اَلْمُسْتَأْجِرُ اَلْبَيْعَ وَ كَانَ حَاضِراً لَهُ شَاهِداً عَلَيْهِ فَمَاتَ اَلْمُشْتَرِي وَ لَهُ وَرَثَةٌ هَلْ يَرْجِعُ ذَلِكَ اَلشَّيْءُ فِي مِيرَاثِ اَلْمَيِّتِ أَوْ يَثْبُتُ فِي يَدِ اَلْمُسْتَأْجِرِ إِلَى أَنْ تَنْقَضِيَ إِجَارَتُهُ فَكَتَبَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ "يَثْبُتُ فِي يَدِ اَلْمُسْتَأْجِرِ إِلَى أَنْ تَنْقَضِيَ إِجَارَتُهُ".
Abu Hammam wrote to Abu Al-Hasan عليه السلام regarding a man who rented a property from another man. The landlord then sold the property in the presence of the tenant, who did not object to the sale and witnessed it. The buyer later died, leaving heirs. The question was whether the property would revert to the heirs as inheritance or remain with the tenant until the lease period ended. Imam عليه السلام wrote in response: "It remains in the hands of the tenant until the lease period ends."
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh, p. 239
وَ سَأَلْتُ شَيْخَنَا مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ الْحَسَنِ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ آجَرَ ضَيْعَةً مِنْ رَجُلٍ هَلْ لَهُ أَنْ يَبِيعَهَا قَالَ لَيْسَ لَهُ أَنْ يَبِيعَهَا قَبْلَ انْقِضَاءِ مُدَّةِ الْإِجَارَةِ إِلَّا أَنْ يَشْتَرِطَ عَلَى الْمُشْتَرِي الْوَفَاءَ لِلْمُسْتَأْجِرِ إِلَى انْقِضَاءِ مُدَّةِ إِجَارَتِهِ.
I also asked our Sheikh, Muhammad bin Al-Hasan (may Allah سبحانه وتعالى be pleased with him), about a man who rented a property to another man, whether he could sell it. He said: "He cannot sell it before the lease period ends unless he stipulates to the buyer that the tenant's rights must be honored until the lease period is completed."
وَ رُوِيَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَطِيَّةَ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ يَقُولُ: "إِنَّ اَللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ اِخْتَارَ لِأَنْبِيَائِهِ عَلَيْهِمُ اَلسَّلاَمُ اَلْحَرْثَ وَ اَلزَّرْعَ لِئَلاَّ يَكْرَهُوا شَيْئاً مِنْ قَطْرِ اَلسَّمَاءِ ".
It is narrated from Muhammad bin Atiyyah, who said: I heard Abu Abdillah عليه السلام say: "Indeed, Allah سبحانه وتعالى, the Mighty and Glorious, chose farming and cultivation for His prophets (peace be upon them) so that they would not dislike anything from the rainfall."
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh
وَ سُئِلَ عَلِيٌّ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنْ قَوْلِ اَللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: وَ عَلَى اَللّٰهِ فَلْيَتَوَكَّلِ اَلْمُتَوَكِّلُونَ قَالَ "اَلزَّارِعُونَ".
Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib عليه السلام was asked about the saying of Allah سبحانه وتعالى, the Mighty and Glorious: "And upon Allah سبحانه وتعالى let the reliant rely" (Surah Ibrahim 14:12). Imam عليه السلام said: "It refers to the farmers."
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh
Commentary #1