The Obligation of the Jumu’ah Prayer, Its Virtue, Who is Exempt from it, and the Prayer and Sermon Therein
Man Lā Yaḥḍuruh al-Faqīh|Volume 1|Book 1|Chapter 58
Man Lā Yaḥḍuruh al-Faqīh
Book 1, Chapter 58
The Obligation of the Jumu’ah Prayer, Its Virtue, Who is Exempt from it, and the Prayer and Sermon Therein
47 hadiths · 8 commentaries
قَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ اَلْبَاقِرُ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ لِزُرَارَةَ بْنِ أَعْيَنَ: «إِنَّمَا فَرَضَ اَللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ عَلَى اَلنَّاسِ مِنَ اَلْجُمُعَةِ إِلَى اَلْجُمُعَةِ خَمْساً وَ ثَلاَثِينَ صَلاَةً مِنْهَا صَلاَةٌ وَاحِدَةٌ فَرَضَهَا اَللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ فِي جَمَاعَةٍ وَ هِيَ اَلْجُمُعَةُ وَ وَضَعَهَا عَنْ تِسْعَةٍ عَنِ اَلصَّغِيرِ وَ اَلْكَبِيرِ وَ اَلْمَجْنُونِ وَ اَلْمُسَافِرِ وَ اَلْعَبْدِ وَ اَلْمَرْأَةِ وَ اَلْمَرِيضِ وَ اَلْأَعْمَى وَ مَنْ كَانَ عَلَى رَأْسِ فَرْسَخَيْنِ وَ اَلْقِرَاءَةُ فِيهَا بِالْجَهْرِ وَ اَلْغُسْلُ فِيهَا وَاجِبٌ وَ عَلَى اَلْإِمَامِ فِيهَا قُنُوتَانِ قُنُوتٌ فِي اَلرَّكْعَةِ اَلْأُولَى قَبْلَ اَلرُّكُوعِ وَ فِي اَلرَّكْعَةِ اَلثَّانِيَةِ بَعْدَ اَلرُّكُوعِ.»
Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir عليه السلام said to Zurarah ibn A'yan: "Allah سبحانه وتعالى, the Mighty and Majestic, has enjoined upon people thirty-five prayers from one Jumu’ah to the next, one of which Allah سبحانه وتعالى has made obligatory in congregation — that is, the Jumu’ah prayer. It is waived for nine categories: the young, the elderly, the insane, the traveler, the slave, the woman, the sick, the blind, and anyone who is more than two farsakhs (about six miles) away. Recitation in it must be done aloud, and ghusl (ritual washing) is obligatory for it. The Imam is required to perform two Qunoot (special supplications): one in the first rak'ah before bowing (ruku') and one in the second rak'ah after bowing."
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh, p. 59
وَقَالَ زُرَارَةُ: قُلْتُ لَهُ عَلَى مَنْ يَجِبُ اَلْجُمُعَةُ قَالَ «تَجِبُ عَلَى سَبْعَةِ نَفَرٍ مِنَ اَلْمُسْلِمِينَ وَ لاَ جُمُعَةَ لِأَقَلَّ مِنْ خَمْسَةٍ مِنَ اَلْمُسْلِمِينَ أَحَدُهُمُ اَلْإِمَامُ فَإِذَا اِجْتَمَعَ سَبْعَةٌ وَ لَمْ يَخَافُوا أَمَّهُمْ بَعْضُهُمْ وَ خَطَبَهُمْ.
Zurarah said: "I asked Imam عليه السلام upon whom is the Jumu’ah prayer obligatory?" Imam عليه السلام said: "It is obligatory upon seven people among the Muslims, and there is no Jumu’ah prayer for fewer than five Muslims, one of whom is the Imam. When seven gather and do not fear (any threat), one of them leads them in prayer and delivers the sermon."
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh, p. 59
وَقَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: «إِنَّمَا وُضِعَتِ اَلرَّكْعَتَانِ اَللَّتَانِ أَضَافَهُمَا اَلنَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ يَوْمَ اَلْجُمُعَةِ لِلْمُقِيمِ لِمَكَانِ اَلْخُطْبَتَيْنِ مَعَ اَلْإِمَامِ فَمَنْ صَلَّى يَوْمَ اَلْجُمُعَةِ فِي غَيْرِ جَمَاعَةٍ فَلْيُصَلِّهَا أَرْبَعاً كَصَلاَةِ اَلظُّهْرِ فِي سَائِرِ اَلْأَيَّامِ.
Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir عليه السلام said: "The two rak'ahs that The Prophet صلى الله عليه وعلى آله وسلم added on the day of Jumu’ah are for those who attend with the Imam because of the two sermons. Whoever prays on Jumu’ah but not in congregation should pray it as four rak'ahs, like the Dhuhr prayer on other days."
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh
وقال عليه السلام: " وقت صلاة الجمعة يوم الجمعة ساعة تزول الشمس، ووقتها في السفر والحضر واحد وهو من المضيق، وصلاة العصر يوم الجمعة في الأولى في سائر الأيام.
The Imam عليه السلام said: "The time for the Jumu’ah prayer (Salat al-Jumu'ah) is on Jumu’ah at the hour when the sun begins to decline (zawal). Its timing is the same for both travelers and residents and is considered limited (specific). The Asr prayer on Jumu’ah is performed at the time of Dhuhr on other days."
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh
وَ رَوَى عَبْدُ اَلرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «لاَ بَأْسَ أَنْ تَدَعَ اَلْجُمُعَةَ فِي اَلْمَطَرِ.
bd al-Rahman ibn Abi Abdillah narrated from Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq عليه السلام that He said: "There is no harm in leaving the Jumu’ah prayer (Salat al-Jumu'ah) due to rain."
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh, p. 59
وَ رَوَى مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: «تَجِبُ اَلْجُمُعَةُ عَلَى سَبْعَةِ نَفَرٍ مِنَ اَلْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَ لاَ تَجِبُ عَلَى أَقَلَّ مِنْهُمُ اَلْإِمَامُ وَ قَاضِيهِ وَ مُدَّعِيَا حَقٍّ وَ شَاهِدَانِ وَ اَلَّذِي يَضْرِبُ اَلْحُدُودَ بَيْنَ يَدَيِ اَلْإِمَامِ.
Muhammad ibn Muslim narrated from Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir عليه السلام who said: "The Jumu’ah prayer (Salat al-Jumu'ah) is obligatory upon seven believers: the Imam, his judge, one who claims a right, two witnesses, and the one who executes punishments in front of the Imam. It is not obligatory for fewer than these."
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh
وَقَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: «أَوَّلُ وَقْتِ اَلْجُمُعَةِ سَاعَةَ تَزُولُ اَلشَّمْسُ إِلَى أَنْ تَمْضِيَ سَاعَةٌ فَحَافِظْ عَلَيْهَا فَإِنَّ رَسُولَ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ قَالَ «لاَ يَسْأَلُ اَللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ عَبْدٌ فِيهَا خَيْراً إِلاَّ أَعْطَاهُ».
Imam Abu Ja'far عليه السلام said: "The beginning time for the Jumu’ah prayer is when the sun declines (zawal) until an hour has passed. Maintain it carefully, for the Messenger of Allah صلى الله عليه وعلى آله وسلم said: 'No servant asks Allah سبحانه وتعالى for good at this time except that He grants it.'"
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh
وقال أبي - رضي الله عنه - في رسالته إلي: إن استطعت أن تصلي يوم الجمعة إذا طلعت الشمس ست ركعات، وإذا انبسطت ست ركعات وقبل المكتوبة ركعتين و بعد المكتوبة ست ركعات فافعل. وفي نوادر أحمد بن محمد بن عيسى " وركعتين بعد العصر. وإن قدمت نوافلك كلها في يوم الجمعة قبل الزوال أو أخرتها إلى بعد المكتوبة فهي ست عشرة ركعة، وتأخيرها أفضل من تقديمها، فإذا زالت الشمس في يوم الجمعة فلا تصل إلا المكتوبة، وقرأ في صلاة العشاء الآخر ليلة الجمعة سورة الجمعة وسبح اسم ربك [الاعلى] وفي صلاة الغداة والظهر والعصر سورة الجمعة والمنافقين، فإن نسيتهما أو واحدة منهما في صلاة الظهر وقرأت غيرهما ثم ذكرت فارجع إلى سورة الجمعة والمنافقين ما لم تقرأ نصف السورة، فإذا قرأت نصف السورة فتتم السورة وجعل الركعتين نافلة وسلم فيهما، وأعد صلاتك بسورة الجمعة والمنافقين، ولا بأس بأن تصلي العشاء والغداة والعصر بغير سورة الجمعة والمنافقين إلا أن الفضل في أن تصليها بالجمعة والمنافقين. ومن أراد أن يقرأ في صلاته بسورة فقرأ غيرها فليرجع إليها إلا أن تكون السورة قل هو الله أحد فلا يرجع منها إلى غيرها إلا يوم الجمعة في صلاة الظهر فإنه يرجع منها إلى سورة الجمعة والمنافقين، وما روي من الرخص في قراءة غير الجمعة والمنافقين في صلاة الظهر يوم الجمعة فهي للمريض والمستعجل والمسافر.
My father (may Allah سبحانه وتعالى be pleased with him) wrote in his letter to me: "If you can pray six rak'ahs when the sun rises on Jumu’ah, six rak'ahs when it spreads out, two rak'ahs before the obligatory prayer, and six rak'ahs after the obligatory prayer, then do so." In the Nawadir of Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Isa, it is mentioned: "And two rak'ahs after Asr." If you perform all your nawafil (supererogatory prayers) on Jumu’ah before the sun declines or delay them until after the obligatory prayer, it will be sixteen rak'ahs. Delaying them is better than performing them earlier. Once the sun declines on Jumu’ah, do not perform anything but the obligatory prayer. In the Isha' prayer of Thursday night, recite Surah al-Jumu'ah and Surah al-A'la (Sabih isma rabbika al-a'la). In the Fajr, Dhuhr, and Asr prayers on Jumu’ah, recite Surah al-Jumu'ah and Surah al-Munafiqun. If you forget them or one of them during Dhuhr and recite something else, return to reciting Surah al-Jumu'ah and Surah al-Munafiqun, as long as you have not read half of the Surah. If you have read half, then complete it, consider the two rak'ahs as voluntary (nafl), and repeat the prayer with Surah al-Jumu'ah and Surah al-Munafiqun. It is not an issue if you perform Isha', Fajr, and Asr without Surah al-Jumu'ah and Surah al-Munafiqun, though it is preferred to recite them. If someone intends to recite a Surah in prayer but recites a different one, they should return to the intended Surah, except for Surah Qul Huwa Allahu Ahad (Surah al-Ikhlas), from which they should not turn away except during the Dhuhr prayer on Jumu’ah, when they may return to Surah al-Jumu'ah and Surah al-Munafiqun. The dispensation to recite other than these two Surahs during Dhuhr on Jumu’ah applies to those who are ill, in a hurry, or traveling.
وَ رَوَى صَفْوَانُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ يَقْطِينٍ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا اَلْحَسَنِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنِ اَلْجُمُعَةِ فِي اَلسَّفَرِ مَا أَقْرَأُ فِيهِمَا قَالَ «اِقْرَأْ فِيهِمَا «قُلْ هُوَ اَللّٰهُ أَحَدٌ ».
Safwan ibn Yahya narrated from Ali ibn Yaqtin who said: "I asked Imam Abu al-Hasan عليه السلام about the Jumu’ah prayer while traveling. What should I recite in them?" Imam عليه السلام said: "Recite in them 'Qul Huwa Allahu Ahad' (Surah Al-Ikhlas)."
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh, p. 59
وَ رَوَى جَعْفَرُ بْنُ بَشِيرٍ وَ عَبْدُ اَللَّهِ بْنُ جَبَلَةَ عَنْ عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ سَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ: «فِي صَلاَةِ اَلْجُمُعَةِ لاَ بَأْسَ أَنْ تَقْرَأَ فِيهَا بِغَيْرِ اَلْجُمُعَةِ وَ اَلْمُنَافِقِينَ إِذَا كُنْتَ مُسْتَعْجِلاً.
Ja'far ibn Bashir and Abdullah ibn Jabalah narrated from Abdullah ibn Sinan, who reported from Imam Abu Abdullah عليه السلام: "I heard him say: 'In the Jumu’ah prayer, there is no problem in reciting other than Surah al-Jumu'ah and Surah al-Munafiqun if you are in a hurry.'"
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh, p. 60
وغسل يوم الجمعة من وقت طلوع الفجر إلى أن تزول الشمس وهو سنة واجبة ويبدأ فيها بالوضوء.
The ritual washing (ghusl) for Jumu’ah is from the time of the rising of the dawn until the sun passes its zenith, and it’s a advised (sunnah) obligation, beginning with wudu (ablution).
وَ كَانَ مُوسَى بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِمَا اَلسَّلاَمُ يَتَهَيَّأُ يَوْمَ اَلْخَمِيسِ لِلْجُمُعَةِ.
Imam Musa ibn Jafar Al-Kadhim عليه السلام used to prepare on Thursday for the Jumu’ah prayer.
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh
وَ رَوَى اَلْحَلَبِيُّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «وَقْتُ اَلْجُمُعَةِ زَوَالُ اَلشَّمْسِ وَ وَقْتُ صَلاَةِ اَلظُّهْرِ فِي اَلسَّفَرِ زَوَالُ اَلشَّمْسِ وَ وَقْتُ اَلْعَصْرِ يَوْمَ اَلْجُمُعَةِ فِي اَلْحَضَرِ نَحْوٌ مِنْ وَقْتِ اَلظُّهْرِ فِي غَيْرِ يَوْمِ اَلْجُمُعَةِ.
Al-Halabi narrated from Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq عليه السلام that He said: "The time for the Jumu’ah prayer (Salat al-Jumu'ah) is at the sun's decline (zawal), and the time for the Dhuhr prayer while traveling is also at the sun's decline. The time for the Asr prayer on Jumu’ah for those who are not traveling is approximately the same as the Dhuhr prayer on other days."
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh
وَقَالَ أَمِيرُ اَلْمُؤْمِنِينَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: «لاَ كَلاَمَ وَ اَلْإِمَامُ يَخْطُبُ وَ لاَ اِلْتِفَاتَ إِلاَّ كَمَا يَحِلُّ فِي اَلصَّلاَةِ وَ إِنَّمَا جُعِلَتِ اَلْجُمُعَةُ رَكْعَتَيْنِ مِنْ أَجْلِ اَلْخُطْبَتَيْنِ جُعِلَتَا مَكَانَ اَلرَّكْعَتَيْنِ اَلْأَخِيرَتَيْنِ فَهِيَ صَلاَةٌ حَتَّى يَنْزِلَ اَلْإِمَامُ.
The Commander of the Faithful Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib عليه السلام said: "There is to be no speaking while the Imam is delivering the sermon, and no turning around except as is permissible during prayer. The Jumu’ah prayer was made two rak'ahs because of the two sermons, which have taken the place of the last two rak'ahs. Therefore, it remains as part of the prayer until the Imam descends (finishes the sermon)."
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh
وَ رَوَى اَلْعَلاَءُ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: «لاَ بَأْسَ أَنْ يَتَكَلَّمَ اَلرَّجُلُ إِذَا فَرَغَ اَلْإِمَامُ مِنَ اَلْخُطْبَةِ يَوْمَ اَلْجُمُعَةِ، مَا بَيْنَهُ وَ بَيْنَ أَنْ تُقَامَ اَلصَّلاَةُ وَ إِنْ سَمِعَ اَلْقِرَاءَةَ أَوْ لَمْ يَسْمَعْ أَجْزَأَهُ.
Al-'Ala narrated from Muhammad ibn Muslim from Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq عليه السلام who said: "There is no harm if a person speaks after the Imam has finished the sermon on Jumu’ah, during the time between the sermon and the establishment of the prayer, whether he hears the recitation (during the prayer) or not; it is sufficient for him."
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh, p. 60
وَ رَوَى سَمَاعَةُ عَنْهُ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «صَلاَةُ يَوْمِ اَلْجُمُعَةِ مَعَ اَلْإِمَامِ رَكْعَتَانِ فَمَنْ صَلَّى وَحْدَهُ فَهِيَ أَرْبَعُ رَكَعَاتٍ.
Sama’a narrated from Imam عليه السلام who said: "The Jumu’ah prayer with the Imam consists of two rak'ahs, but whoever prays it alone, it is four rak'ahs."
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh, p. 60
وَ رَوَى حَمَّادُ بْنُ عُثْمَانَ عَنْ عِمْرَانَ اَلْحَلَبِيِّ قَالَ: سُئِلَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنِ اَلرَّجُلِ يُصَلِّي اَلْجُمُعَةَ أَرْبَعَ رَكَعَاتٍ أَ يَجْهَرُ فِيهَا بِالْقِرَاءَةِ قَالَ «نَعَمْ وَ اَلْقُنُوتُ فِي اَلثَّانِيَةِ.
Hammad ibn Uthman narrated from Imran Al-Halabi, who said: "Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq عليه السلام was asked about a man who prays the Jumu’ah prayer as four rak'ahs. Should he recite aloud? Imam عليه السلام replied: "Yes, and there is Qunoot (a supplication) in the second rak'ah."
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh, p. 60
وهذه رخصة الاخذ بها جائز والأصل أنه إنما يجهر فيها إذا كانت خطبة فإذا صلاها الانسان وحده فهي كصلاة الظهر في سائر الأيام يخفي فيها القراءة وكذلك في السفر من صلى الجمعة جماعة بغير خطبة جهر بالقراءة وإن أنكر ذلك عليه وكذلك إذا صلى ركعتين بخطبة في السفر جهر فيها.
And this is a concession that can be acted upon permissibly, but the original ruling is that one should recite aloud (in the Jumu’ah prayer) when there is a sermon [3]. If a person prays it alone, it is treated like the regular Dhuhr prayer on other days, with the recitation done quietly. Similarly, when traveling, if one prays the Jumu’ah prayer in congregation without a sermon, they should recite aloud, even if others object. Likewise, if one delivers a sermon and then prays two units of prayer during travel, they should recite aloud.
وَ رَوَى اَلْفَضْلُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اَلْمَلِكِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: «إِذَا أَدْرَكَ اَلرَّجُلُ رَكْعَةً فَقَدْ أَدْرَكَ اَلْجُمُعَةَ وَ إِنْ فَاتَتْهُ فَلْيُصَلِّ أَرْبَعاً.
Al-Fadl ibn Abd al-Malik narrated from Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq عليه السلام who said: "If a person catches one rak'ah (of the Jumu’ah prayer), he has caught the Jumu’ah prayer. If he misses it, he should pray four (rak'ahs)."
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh, p. 60
وَ رَوَى اَلْحَلَبِيُّ عَنْهُ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «إِذَا أَدْرَكْتَ اَلْإِمَامَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَرْكَعَ اَلرَّكْعَةَ اَلْأَخِيرَةَ فَقَدْ أَدْرَكْتَ اَلصَّلاَةَ وَ إِنْ أَدْرَكْتَهُ بَعْدَ مَا رَكَعَ فَهِيَ أَرْبَعٌ بِمَنْزِلَةِ اَلظُّهْرِ.
Al-Halabi narrated from Imam عليه السلام who said: "If you join the Imam before he bows in the last rak'ah, you have caught the (Jumu’ah) prayer. But if you join him after he has bowed, then it is considered as four rak'ahs, like the Dhuhr prayer."
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh
وَ رَوَى عَبْدُ اَلرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ اَلْحَجَّاجِ عَنْ أَبِي اَلْحَسَنِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: فِي رَجُلٍ صَلَّى فِي جَمَاعَةٍ يَوْمَ اَلْجُمُعَةِ فَلَمَّا رَكَعَ اَلْإِمَامُ اَلْجَأَهُ اَلنَّاسُ إِلَى جِدَارٍ أَوْ أُسْطُوَانَةٍ فَلَمْ يَقْدِرْ عَلَى أَنْ يَرْكَعَ وَ لاَ أَنْ يَسْجُدَ حَتَّى يَرْفَعَ اَلْقَوْمُ رُءُوسَهُمْ أَ يَرْكَعُ ثُمَّ يَسْجُدُ وَ يَلْحَقُ بِالصَّفِّ وَ قَدْ قَامَ اَلْقَوْمُ أَمْ كَيْفَ يَصْنَعُ فَقَالَ «يَرْكَعُ وَ يَسْجُدُ ثُمَّ يَقُومُ فِي اَلصَّفِّ وَ لاَ بَأْسَ بِذَلِكَ.
Abd al-Rahman ibn al-Hajjaj narrated from Imam Abu al-Hasan عليه السلام regarding a man who prayed in congregation on Jumu’ah. When the Imam bowed, the crowd pushed him against a wall or pillar, preventing him from bowing or prostrating until the people raised their heads. He asked if he should bow, then prostrate, and catch up with the row when the people stand, or what he should do. Imam عليه السلام replied: "He should bow and prostrate, then stand with the row, and there is no issue with that."
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh, p. 60
وَ رَوَى سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ دَاوُدَ اَلْمِنْقَرِيُّ عَنْ حَفْصِ بْنِ غِيَاثٍ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ يَقُولُ: فِي رَجُلٍ أَدْرَكَ اَلْجُمُعَةَ وَ قَدِ اِزْدَحَمَ اَلنَّاسُ فَكَبَّرَ مَعَ اَلْإِمَامِ وَ رَكَعَ وَ لَمْ يَقْدِرْ عَلَى اَلسُّجُودِ وَ قَامَ اَلْإِمَامُ وَ اَلنَّاسُ فِي اَلرَّكْعَةِ اَلثَّانِيَةِ وَ قَامَ هَذَا مَعَهُمْ فَرَكَعَ اَلْإِمَامُ فَلَمْ يَقْدِرْ هَذَا عَلَى اَلرُّكُوعِ فِي اَلرَّكْعَةِ اَلثَّانِيَةِ مِنَ اَلزِّحَامِ وَ قَدَرَ عَلَى اَلسُّجُودِ كَيْفَ يَصْنَعُ فَقَالَ «أَمَّا اَلرَّكْعَةُ اَلْأُولَى فَهِيَ إِلَى عِنْدِ اَلرُّكُوعِ تَامَّةٌ فَلَمَّا لَمْ يَسْجُدْ لَهَا حَتَّى دَخَلَ فِي اَلرَّكْعَةِ اَلثَّانِيَةِ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ ذَلِكَ فَلَمَّا سَجَدَ فِي اَلثَّانِيَةِ إِنْ كَانَ نَوَى هَاتَيْنِ اَلسَّجْدَتَيْنِ لِلرَّكْعَةِ اَلْأُولَى فَقَدْ تَمَّتْ لَهُ اَلْأُولَى فَإِذَا سَلَّمَ اَلْإِمَامُ قَامَ فَصَلَّى رَكْعَةً فَسَجَدَ بِهَا ثُمَّ تَشَهَّدَ وَ سَلَّمَ وَ إِنْ كَانَ لَمْ يَكُنْ يَنْوِي اَلسَّجْدَتَيْنِ لِلرَّكْعَةِ اَلْأُولَى لَمْ تُجْزِ عَنْهُ اَلْأُولَى وَ لاَ اَلثَّانِيَةُ وَ عَلَيْهِ أَنْ يَسْجُدَ سَجْدَتَيْنِ وَ يَنْوِيَ أَنَّهَا لِلرَّكْعَةِ اَلْأُولَى وَ عَلَيْهِ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ رَكْعَةٌ تَامَّةٌ يَسْجُدُ فِيهَا.
Sulaiman ibn Dawud al-Minqari narrated from Hafs ibn Ghiyath, who said: "I heard Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq عليه السلام say regarding a man who attended the Jumu’ah prayer, but due to crowding, he joined the Imam, performed the takbir, and bowed, but was unable to prostrate. When the Imam and the people stood for the second rak'ah, he stood with them. When the Imam bowed, the man was again unable to bow due to the crowding but was able to prostrate. He asked how he should proceed. Imam عليه السلام said: "As for the first rak'ah, it is complete until the bowing. Since he did not prostrate for it before entering the second rak'ah, it is invalid. When he prostrates in the second rak'ah, if he intended these two prostrations to count for the first rak'ah, then the first rak'ah is complete. Once the Imam gives the taslim, he should stand and pray another rak'ah, perform its prostration, then recite the tashahhud and taslim. However, if he did not intend the two prostrations for the first rak'ah, neither the first nor the second rak'ah is valid for him. He must prostrate twice, intending them for the first rak'ah, and then complete a full rak'ah with its prostrations."
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh
وَ رَوَى رِبْعِيُّ بْنُ عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ وَ فُضَيْلُ بْنُ يَسَارٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «لَيْسَ فِي اَلسَّفَرِ جُمُعَةٌ وَ لاَ فِطْرٌ وَ لاَ أَضْحًى.
Rib'i ibn Abdullah and Fudayl ibn Yasar narrated from Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq عليه السلام who said: "There is no Jumu’ah prayer, Eid al-Fitr prayer, or Eid al-Adha prayer while traveling."
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh, p. 61
وَ رَوَى أَبُو بَصِيرٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «إِنَّ اَللَّهَ تَبَارَكَ وتَعَالَى لَيُنَادِي كُلَّ لَيْلَةِ جُمُعَةٍ مِنْ فَوْقِ عَرْشِهِ مِنْ أَوَّلِ اَللَّيْلِ إِلَى آخِرِهِ أَ لاَ عَبْدٌ مُؤْمِنٌ يَدْعُونِي لآِخِرَتِهِ وَ دُنْيَاهُ قَبْلَ طُلُوعِ اَلْفَجْرِ فَأُجِيبَهُ أَ لاَ عَبْدٌ مُؤْمِنٌ يَتُوبُ إِلَيَّ مِنْ ذُنُوبِهِ قَبْلَ طُلُوعِ اَلْفَجْرِ فَأَتُوبَ عَلَيْهِ أَ لاَ عَبْدٌ مُؤْمِنٌ قَدْ قَتَّرْتُ عَلَيْهِ رِزْقَهُ يَسْأَلُنِي اَلزِّيَادَةَ فِي رِزْقِهِ قَبْلَ طُلُوعِ اَلْفَجْرِ فَأُوَسِّعَ عَلَيْهِ أَ لاَ عَبْدٌ مُؤْمِنٌ سَقِيمٌ يَسْأَلُنِي أَنْ أَشْفِيَهُ قَبْلَ طُلُوعِ اَلْفَجْرِ فَأُعَافِيَهُ أَ لاَ عَبْدُ مُؤْمِنٌ مَحْبُوسٌ مَغْمُومٌ يَسْأَلُنِي أَنْ أُطْلِقَهُ مِنْ حَبْسِهِ فَأُخَلِّيَ سَرْبَهُ أَ لاَ عَبْدٌ مُؤْمِنٌ مَظْلُومٌ يَسْأَلُنِي أَنْ آخُذَ لَهُ بِظُلاَمَتِهِ قَبْلَ طُلُوعِ اَلْفَجْرِ فَأَنْتَصِرَ لَهُ وَ آخُذَ لَهُ بِظُلاَمَتِهِ قَالَ فَمَا يَزَالُ يُنَادِي بِهَذَا حَتَّى يَطْلُعَ اَلْفَجْرُ.
Abu Basir narrated from Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq عليه السلام that He said: "Indeed, Allah سبحانه وتعالى, Blessed and Exalted, calls out every Thursday night (the night of Jumu’ah) from above His Throne, from the beginning of the night until its end: 'Is there not a believing servant who calls upon Me concerning his Hereafter and his worldly life before the break of dawn so that I may answer him? Is there not a believing servant who repents to Me from his sins before the break of dawn so that I may accept his repentance? Is there not a believing servant upon whom I have tightened his provision who asks Me for an increase in his provision before the break of dawn so that I may expand it for him? Is there not a believing servant who is sick and asks Me to heal him before the break of dawn so that I may grant him health? Is there not a believing servant who is imprisoned or in distress who asks Me to release him from his confinement so that I may free him? Is there not a believing servant who is wronged and asks Me to avenge his oppression before the break of dawn so that I may grant him justice?' The call continues until the break of dawn."
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh
وَ رَوَى عَبْدُ اَلْعَظِيمِ بْنُ عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ اَلْحَسَنِيُّ رَضِيَ اَللَّهُ عَنْهُ عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ أَبِي مَحْمُودٍ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِلرِّضَا عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ يَا اِبْنَ رَسُولِ اَللَّهِ مَا تَقُولُ فِي اَلْحَدِيثِ اَلَّذِي يَرْوِيهِ اَلنَّاسُ عَنْ رَسُولِ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ أَنَّهُ قَالَ إِنَّ اَللَّهَ تَبَارَكَ وتَعَالَى يَنْزِلُ فِي كُلِّ لَيْلَةِ جُمُعَةٍ إِلَى اَلسَّمَاءِ اَلدُّنْيَا فَقَالَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ «لَعَنَ اَللَّهُ اَلْمُحَرِّفِينَ اَلْكَلِمَ عَنْ مَوَاضِعِهِ وَ اَللَّهُ مَا قَالَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ ذَلِكَ إِنَّمَا قَالَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ «إِنَّ اَللَّهَ تَبَارَكَ وتَعَالَى يُنْزِلُ مَلَكاً إِلَى اَلسَّمَاءِ اَلدُّنْيَا كُلَّ لَيْلَةٍ فِي اَلثُّلُثِ اَلْأَخِيرِ وَ لَيْلَةَ اَلْجُمُعَةِ فِي أَوَّلِ اَللَّيْلِ فَيَأْمُرُهُ فَيُنَادِي هَلْ مِنْ سَائِلٍ فَأُعْطِيَهُ هَلْ مِنْ تَائِبٍ فَأَتُوبَ عَلَيْهِ هَلْ مِنْ مُسْتَغْفِرٍ فَأَغْفِرَ لَهُ يَا طَالِبَ اَلْخَيْرِ أَقْبِلْ وَ يَا طَالِبَ اَلشَّرِّ أَقْصِرْ فَلاَ يَزَالُ يُنَادِي بِهَذَا حَتَّى يَطْلُعَ اَلْفَجْرُ فَإِذَا طَلَعَ اَلْفَجْرُ عَادَ إِلَى مَحَلِّهِ مِنْ مَلَكُوتِ اَلسَّمَاءِ» حَدَّثَنِي بِذَلِكَ أَبِي عَنْ جَدِّي عَنْ آبَائِهِ عَنْ رَسُولِ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ.
Abd al-Azim ibn Abdillah al-Hasani narrated from Ibrahim ibn Abi Mahmoud, who said: “I said to Imam al-Ridha عليه السلام, "O’ son of the Messenger of Allah صلى الله عليه وعلى آله وسلم, what do you say about the narration that people relate from the Messenger of Allah صلى الله عليه وعلى آله وسلم, that Allah سبحانه وتعالى, Blessed and Exalted, descends to the sky of the world every Jumu’ah night?" Imam عليه السلام replied: "May Allah سبحانه وتعالى curse those who distort words from their proper places. By Allah سبحانه وتعالى, the Messenger of Allah صلى الله عليه وعلى آله وسلم did not say that. What he did say was: 'Indeed, Allah سبحانه وتعالى, Blessed and Exalted, sends an angel to the sky of the world every night during the last third of the night, and on the night of Jumu’ah at the beginning of the night. He commands the angel to call out: Is there anyone who asks that I may grant him? Is there anyone who repents so that I may accept his repentance? Is there anyone seeking forgiveness so that I may forgive him? O’ seeker of good, come forward, and O’ seeker of evil, desist.' The angel continues to call out until the break of dawn, and when dawn breaks, he returns to his place in the celestial realm." My father narrated this to me from my grandfather, from his forefathers, from the Messenger of Allah صلى الله عليه وعلى آله وسلم.
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh
وَ رُوِيَ: «أَنَّهُ مَا طَلَعَتِ اَلشَّمْسُ فِي يَوْمٍ أَفْضَلَ مِنْ يَوْمِ اَلْجُمُعَةِ.
It has been narrated: "There is no day on which the sun rises that is better than Jumu’ah."
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh
وكان اليوم الذي نصب فيه رسول الله صلى الله عليه وآله أمير المؤمنين عليه السلام بغدير خم يوم الجمعة، وقيام القائم عليه السلام يكون في يوم الجمعة، وتقوم القيامة في يوم الجمعة يجمع الله فيها الأولين والآخرين قال الله عز وجل: " ذلك يوم مجموع له الناس وذلك يوم مشهود.
The day when the Messenger of Allah صلى الله عليه وعلى آله وسلم appointed Amir al-Mu'minin عليه السلام at Ghadir Khom was a Jumu’ah, the appearance of the Qa'im (the awaited savior عليه السلام) will occur on a Jumu’ah, and the Day of Resurrection will also take place on a Jumu’ah, as Allah سبحانه وتعالى the Almighty says: "That is a Day whereon mankind will be gathered together, and that is a Day to be witnessed."
وَ رَوَى مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: فِي قَوْلِ يَعْقُوبَ لِبَنِيهِ: «سَوْفَ أَسْتَغْفِرُ لَكُمْ رَبِّي» قَالَ «أَخَّرَهَا إِلَى اَلسَّحَرِ لَيْلَةَ اَلْجُمُعَةِ.
Muhammad ibn Muslim narrated from Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq عليه السلام regarding the words of Prophet Ya'qub (Jacob) to his sons: "I will seek forgiveness for you from my Lord عز وجل" (Surah Yusuf 12:98).” Imam عليه السلام said: "He delayed it until the time of Sahar (pre-dawn) on the night of Jumu’ah."
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh, p. 61
وَ رَوَى أَبُو بَصِيرٍ عَنْ أَحَدِهِمَا عَلَيْهِمَا اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: «إِنَّ اَلْعَبْدَ اَلْمُؤْمِنَ لَيَسْأَلُ اَللَّهَ جَلَّ جَلاَلُهُ اَلْحَاجَةَ فَيُؤَخِّرُ اَللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ قَضَاءَ حَاجَتِهِ اَلَّتِي سَأَلَ إِلَى يَوْمِ اَلْجُمُعَةِ لِيَخُصَّهُ بِفَضْلِ يَوْمِ اَلْجُمُعَةِ.
Abu Basir narrated from one of the Imams عليه السلام who said: "Indeed, when a believing servant asks Allah سبحانه وتعالى, Glorious and Majestic, for something, Allah سبحانه وتعالى may delay the fulfilment of his request until Jumu’ah in order to grant it to him with the special merit of the day of Jumu’ah."
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh
وَ رَوَى دَاوُدُ بْنُ سِرْحَانَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: فِي قَوْلِ اَللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ «وَ شٰاهِدٍ وَ مَشْهُودٍ» قَالَ «اَلشَّاهِدُ يَوْمُ اَلْجُمُعَةِ.
Dawud ibn Sirhan narrated from Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq عليه السلام regarding the verse of Allah سبحانه وتعالى, the Exalted, "By the witness and the witnessed" (Surah Al-Buruj 85:3). Imam عليه السلام said: "The 'witness' is the day of Jumu’ah."
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh
وَ رَوَى اَلْمُعَلَّى بْنُ خُنَيْسٍ عَنْهُ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ أَيْضاً أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «مَنْ وَافَقَ مِنْكُمْ يَوْمَ اَلْجُمُعَةِ فَلاَ يَشْتَغِلَنَّ بِشَيْءٍ غَيْرِ اَلْعِبَادَةِ فَإِنَّ فِيهَا يُغْفَرُ لِلْعِبَادِ وَ تُنْزَلُ عَلَيْهِمُ اَلرَّحْمَةُ.
Al-Mu'alla ibn Khunays narrated from Imam عليه السلام who also said: "Whoever among you experiences the day of Jumu’ah should not engage in anything other than worship, for on this day forgiveness is granted to the servants and mercy descends upon them."
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh
وَ رَوَى اَلْأَصْبَغُ بْنُ نُبَاتَةَ عَنْ أَمِيرِ اَلْمُؤْمِنِينَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: « لَيْلَةُ اَلْجُمُعَةِ لَيْلَةٌ غَرَّاءُ وَ يَوْمُهَا يَوْمٌ أَزْهَرُ مَنْ مَاتَ لَيْلَةَ اَلْجُمُعَةِ، كَتَبَ اَللَّهُ لَهُ بَرَاءَةً مِنْ ضَغْطَةِ اَلْقَبْرِ وَ مَنْ مَاتَ يَوْمَ اَلْجُمُعَةِ كَتَبَ اَللَّهُ لَهُ بَرَاءَةً مِنَ اَلنَّارِ.
Al-Asbagh ibn Nubatah narrated from The Commander of the Faithful Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib عليه السلام that He said: "The night of Jumu’ah is a luminous night, and its day is a radiant day. Whoever dies on the night of Jumu’ah, Allah سبحانه وتعالى writes for him immunity from the pressure of the grave, and whoever dies on the day of Jumu’ah, Allah سبحانه وتعالى writes for him immunity from the Fire."
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh
وَ رَوَى هِشَامُ بْنُ اَلْحَكَمِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: فِي اَلرَّجُلِ يُرِيدُ أَنْ يَعْمَلَ شَيْئاً مِنَ اَلْخَيْرِ مِثْلَ اَلصَّدَقَةِ وَ اَلصَّوْمِ وَ نَحْوِ هَذَا قَالَ «يُسْتَحَبُّ أَنْ يَكُونَ ذَلِكَ يَوْمَ اَلْجُمُعَةِ فَإِنَّ اَلْعَمَلَ يَوْمَ اَلْجُمُعَةِ يُضَاعَفُ.
Hisham ibn al-Hakam narrated from Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq عليه السلام regarding a man who wishes to perform an act of goodness, such as giving charity or fasting. Imam عليه السلام said: "It is recommended that it be done on Jumu’ah, for deeds performed on Jumu’ah are multiplied."
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh
وَقَالَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ: «أَطْرِفُوا أَهْلِيكُمْ كُلَّ يَوْمِ جُمُعَةٍ بِشَيْءٍ مِنَ اَلْفَاكِهَةِ وَ اَللَّحْمِ حَتَّى يَفْرَحُوا بِالْجُمُعَةِ.
The Messenger of Allah صلى الله عليه وعلى آله وسلم said: "Make your families happy every Jumu’ah by providing them with something of fruit and meat so that they may rejoice in the day of Jumu’ah."
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh
وَ فِي رِوَايَةِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ أَبِي اَلْبِلاَدِ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: «مَنْ أَنْشَدَ بَيْتَ شِعْرٍ يَوْمَ اَلْجُمُعَةِ فَهُوَ حَظُّهُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ اَلْيَوْمِ.
In a narration from Ibrahim ibn Abi al-Bilad, from Zurarah, from Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq عليه السلام who said: "Whoever recites a line of poetry on the day of Jumu’ah, that will be his share of that day."
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh
وَقَالَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ: «إِذَا رَأَيْتُمُ اَلشَّيْخَ يُحَدِّثُ يَوْمَ اَلْجُمُعَةِ بِأَحَادِيثِ اَلْجَاهِلِيَّةِ فَارْمُوا رَأْسَهُ وَ لَوْ بِالْحَصَى.
The Messenger of Allah صلى الله عليه وعلى آله وسلم said: "If you see an elder discussing stories of the pre-Islamic era (Jahiliyyah) on the day of Jumu’ah, throw stones at his head, even if with pebbles”.
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh
وَ رَوَى عَبْدُ اَللَّهِ بْنُ سِنَانٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: «مَنْ قَالَ فِي آخِرِ سَجْدَةٍ مِنَ اَلنَّافِلَةِ بَعْدَ اَلْمَغْرِبِ لَيْلَةَ اَلْجُمُعَةِ وَ إِنْ قَالَهُ كُلَّ لَيْلَةٍ فَهُوَ أَفْضَلُ، اَللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَسْأَلُكَ بِوَجْهِكَ اَلْكَرِيمِ وَ اِسْمِكَ اَلْعَظِيمِ أَنْ تُصَلِّيَ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ وَ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ وَ أَنْ تَغْفِرَ لِي ذَنْبِيَ اَلْعَظِيمَ سَبْعَ مَرَّاتٍ اِنْصَرَفَ وَ قَدْ غُفِرَ لَهُ » قَالَ وَقَالَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ «إِذَا كَانَتْ عَشِيَّةُ اَلْخَمِيسِ وَ لَيْلَةُ اَلْجُمُعَةِ نَزَلَتْ مَلاَئِكَةٌ مِنَ اَلسَّمَاءِ وَ مَعَهَا أَقْلاَمُ اَلذَّهَبِ وَ صُحُفُ اَلْفِضَّةِ لاَ يَكْتُبُونَ عَشِيَّةَ اَلْخَمِيسِ وَ لَيْلَةَ اَلْجُمُعَةِ وَ يَوْمَ اَلْجُمُعَةِ إِلَى أَنْ تَغِيبَ اَلشَّمْسُ إِلاَّ اَلصَّلاَةَ عَلَى اَلنَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ.
Abdullah ibn Sinan narrated from Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq عليه السلام who said: "Whoever, in the last prostration of a recommended prayer (nafilah) after Maghrib on the night of Jumu’ah—and even better if said every night—recites, 'O’ Allah سبحانه وتعالى, I ask You by Your Noble Face and Your Great Name to bless Muhammad and the family of Muhammad and to forgive me my great sin,' seven times, will rise having been forgiven." He also said عليه السلام: "When Thursday evening and the night of Jumu’ah arrive, angels descend from the heavens carrying golden pens and silver tablets. They write down nothing from Thursday evening, the night of Jumu’ah, and the day of Jumu’ah until sunset except blessings upon The Prophet صلى الله عليه وعلى آله وسلم”.
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh, p. 61
«وَ يُكْرَهُ اَلسَّفَرُ وَ اَلسَّعْيُ فِي اَلْحَوَائِجِ يَوْمَ اَلْجُمُعَةِ بُكْرَةً مِنْ أَجْلِ اَلصَّلاَةِ فَأَمَّا بَعْدَ اَلصَّلاَةِ فَجَائِزٌ يُتَبَرَّكُ بِهِ » وَرَدَ ذَلِكَ فِي جَوَابِ اَلسَّرِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي اَلْحَسَنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ.
It is disliked to travel and seek to fulfil needs on the morning of Jumu’ah due to the (obligation of) the Jumu’ah prayer. However, after the prayer, it is permissible and brings blessings." This was mentioned in response to a question by al-Sari from Imam Abu al-Hasan Ali ibn Muhammad عليه السلام.
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh, p. 61
وَ سَأَلَ أَبُو أَيُّوبَ اَلْخَزَّازُ، أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: عَنْ قَوْلِ اَللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ «فَإِذٰا قُضِيَتِ اَلصَّلاٰةُ فَانْتَشِرُوا فِي اَلْأَرْضِ وَ اِبْتَغُوا مِنْ فَضْلِ اَللّٰهِ» قَالَ «اَلصَّلاَةُ يَوْمَ اَلْجُمُعَةِ وَ اَلاِنْتِشَارُ يَوْمَ اَلسَّبْتِ.
Abu Ayyub al-Khazzaz asked Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq عليه السلام about the verse of Allah سبحانه وتعالى, the Exalted: "Then when the prayer is ended, disperse in the land and seek Allah’s سبحانه وتعالى bounty" (Surah Al-Jumu'ah 62:10). Imam عليه السلام said: "The prayer is on the day of Jumu’ah, and the dispersal is on the day of Saturday."
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh
وَقَالَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: « اَلسَّبْتُ لِبَنِي هَاشِمٍ وَ اَلْأَحَدُ لِبَنِي أُمَيَّةَ فَاتَّقُوا أَخْذَ اَلْأَحَدِ.
Imam عليه السلام said: "Saturday is for the Banu Hashim, and Sunday is for the Banu Umayyah, so beware of taking Sunday”.
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh
وَقَالَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ: « اَللَّهُمَّ بَارِكْ لِأُمَّتِي فِي بُكُورِهَا يَوْمَ سَبْتِهَا وَ خَمِيسِهَا.
The Messenger of Allah صلى الله عليه وعلى آله وسلم said: "O’ Allah سبحانه وتعالى, bless my Ummah (community) in its early morning on their Saturdays and Thursdays."
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh
وَقَالَ اَلرِّضَا عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: «يَنْبَغِي لِلرَّجُلِ أَنْ لاَ يَدَعَ أَنْ يَمَسَّ شَيْئاً مِنَ اَلطِّيبِ فِي كُلِّ يَوْمٍ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَقْدِرْ فَيَوْمٌ وَ يَوْمٌ لاَ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَقْدِرْ فَفِي كُلِّ جُمُعَةٍ لاَ يَدَعُ ذَلِكَ.
Imam al-Ridha عليه السلام said: "It is appropriate for a man to not neglect using some form of fragrance every day; if he cannot, then every other day ; and if he cannot even manage that, then at the very least, he should not neglect it on Jumu’ah’s."
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh
وَ كَانَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ إِذَا كَانَ يَوْمُ اَلْجُمُعَةِ وَ لَمْ يُصِبْ طِيباً دَعَا بِثَوْبٍ مَصْبُوغٍ بِزَعْفَرَانٍ فَرَشَّ عَلَيْهِ اَلْمَاءَ ثُمَّ مَسَحَ بِيَدِهِ ثُمَّ مَسَحَ بِهِ وَجْهَهُ.
The Messenger of Allah صلى الله عليه وعلى آله وسلم, when Jumu’ah arrived and he did not have any perfume, would request a cloth dyed with saffron, sprinkle water on it, then rub his hands on it, and then wipe it over his face.
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh
ويستحب أن يعتم الرجل يوم الجمعة وأن يلبس أحسن ثيابه وأنظفها ويتطيب فيدهن بأطيب دهنه.
It is recommended for a man to wear a turban on Jumu’ah, to dress in his best and cleanest clothes, and to use perfume, applying the best oils he possesses.
وَ رَوَى مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «إِذَا كَانَ بَيْنَ اَلْقَرْيَتَيْنِ ثَلاَثَةُ أَمْيَالٍ فَلاَ بَأْسَ أَنْ يُجَمِّعَ هَؤُلاَءِ وَ هَؤُلاَءِ وَ لاَ يَكُونُ بَيْنَ اَلْجَمَاعَتَيْنِ أَقَلُّ مِنْ ثَلاَثَةِ أَمْيَالٍ.
Muhammad ibn Muslim narrated from Imam Abu Ja'far عليه السلام who said: "If there is a distance of three miles between two villages, then there is no problem for these and those to gather (for prayer), and there should not be less than three miles between the two congregations”.
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh
وَقَالَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: «إِنَّ اَلْمَلاَئِكَةَ اَلْمُقَرَّبِينَ يَهْبِطُونَ فِي كُلِّ يَوْمِ جُمُعَةٍ مَعَهُمْ قَرَاطِيسُ اَلْفِضَّةِ وَ أَقْلاَمُ اَلذَّهَبِ فَيَجْلِسُونَ عَلَى كُلِّ أَبْوَابِ اَلْمَسَاجِدِ عَلَى كَرَاسِيَّ مِنْ نُورٍ فَيَكْتُبُونَ مَنْ حَضَرَ اَلْجُمُعَةَ اَلْأَوَّلَ وَ اَلثَّانِيَ وَ اَلثَّالِثَ حَتَّى يَخْرُجَ اَلْإِمَامُ فَإِذَا خَرَجَ اَلْإِمَامُ طَوَوْا صُحُفَهُمْ.
Imam عليه السلام said: "Indeed, the close angels descend every Jumu’ah, carrying silver tablets and golden pens. They sit at the doors of the mosques on chairs made of light and write down the names of those who attend the Jumu’ah prayer—the first, the second, and the third—until the Imam comes out. When the Imam comes out, they roll up their scrolls."
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh, p. 61
وَقَالَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ: «مَنْ أَتَى اَلْجُمُعَةَ إِيمَاناً وَ اِحْتِسَاباً اِسْتَأْنَفَ اَلْعَمَلَ.
The Messenger of Allah صلى الله عليه وعلى آله وسلم said: "Whoever attends the Jumu’ah prayer with faith and seeking the reward (from Allah سبحانه وتعالى), his deeds will be renewed”.
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh
وَقَالَ أَمِيرُ اَلْمُؤْمِنِينَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: «لاَ يَشْرَبْ أَحَدُكُمُ اَلدَّوَاءَ يَوْمَ اَلْخَمِيسِ » فَقِيلَ يَا أَمِيرَ اَلْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَ لِمَ ذَلِكَ قَالَ «لِئَلاَّ يَضْعُفَ عَنْ إِتْيَانِ اَلْجُمُعَةِ.
The Commander of the Faithful Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib عليه السلام said: "None of you should take medicine on Thursday." He was asked: "O’ Amir al-Mu'minin, why is that?" Imam عليه السلام said: "So that it does not weaken one from attending the Jumu’ah prayer."
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh
وقال النبي صلى الله عليه وآله: " كل واعظ قبلة [للموعوظ] وكل موعظ قبلة للواعظ.
he Prophet said: "Every preacher is like a Qiblah (direction of focus) for the one being preached to, and every person being preached to is like a Qiblah for the preacher”.
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh
يعني في الجمة والعيدين وصلاة الاستسقاء.
This applies to the Jumu’ah prayer, Eid prayers, and the prayer for rain (Salat al-Istisqa).
وَ خَطَبَ أَمِيرُ اَلْمُؤْمِنِينَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ فِي اَلْجُمُعَةِ فَقَالَ: «اَلْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ اَلْوَلِيِّ اَلْحَمِيدِ اَلْحَكِيمِ اَلْمَجِيدِ اَلْفَعَّالِ لِمَا يُرِيدُ عَلاَّمِ اَلْغُيُوبِ وَ خَالِقِ اَلْخَلْقِ وَ مُنْزِلِ اَلْقَطْرِ وَ مُدَبِّرِ أَمْرِ اَلدُّنْيَا وَ اَلْآخِرَةِ وَ وَارِثِ اَلسَّمَاوَاتِ وَ اَلْأَرْضِ اَلَّذِي عَظُمَ شَأْنُهُ فَلاَ شَيْءَ مِثْلُهُ تَوَاضَعَ كُلُّ شَيْءٍ لِعَظَمَتِهِ وَ ذَلَّ كُلُّ شَيْءٍ لِعِزَّتِهِ وَ اِسْتَسْلَمَ كُلُّ شَيْءٍ لِقُدْرَتِهِ وَ قَرَّ كُلُّ شَيْءٍ قَرَارَهُ لِهَيْبَتِهِ وَ خَضَعَ كُلُّ شَيْءٍ لِمَلَكَتِهِ وَ رُبُوبِيَّتِهِ اَلَّذِي «يُمْسِكُ اَلسَّمٰاءَ أَنْ تَقَعَ عَلَى اَلْأَرْضِ إِلاّٰ بِإِذْنِهِ» وَ أَنْ تَقُومَ اَلسَّاعَةُ إِلاَّ بِأَمْرِهِ وَ أَنْ يَحْدُثَ فِي اَلسَّمَاوَاتِ وَ اَلْأَرْضِ شَيْءٌ إِلاَّ بِعِلْمِهِ نَحْمَدُهُ عَلَى مَا كَانَ وَ نَسْتَعِينُهُ مِنْ أَمْرِنَا عَلَى مَا يَكُونُ وَ نَسْتَغْفِرُهُ وَ نَسْتَهْدِيهِ وَ نَشْهَدُ أَنْ لاَ إِلَهَ إِلاَّ اَللَّهُ وَحْدَهُ لاَ شَرِيكَ لَهُ مَلِكُ اَلْمُلُوكِ وَ سَيِّدُ اَلسَّادَاتِ وَ جَبَّارُ اَلْأَرْضِ وَ اَلسَّمَاوَاتِ اَلْقَهَّارُ «اَلْكَبِيرُ اَلْمُتَعٰالِ»، - «ذُو اَلْجَلاٰلِ وَ اَلْإِكْرٰامِ» دَيَّانُ يَوْمِ اَلدِّينِ رَبُّ آبَائِنَا اَلْأَوَّلِينَ وَ نَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّداً عَبْدُهُ وَ رَسُولُهُ أَرْسَلَهُ بِالْحَقِّ دَاعِياً إِلَى اَلْحَقِّ وَ شَاهِداً عَلَى اَلْخَلْقِ فَبَلَّغَ رِسَالاَتِ رَبِّهِ كَمَا أَمَرَهُ لاَ مُتَعَدِّياً وَ لاَ مُقَصِّراً وَ جَاهَدَ فِي اَللَّهِ أَعْدَاءَهُ لاَ وَانِياً وَ لاَ نَاكِلاً وَ نَصَحَ لَهُ فِي عِبَادِهِ صَابِراً مُحْتَسِباً، فَقَبَضَهُ اَللَّهُ إِلَيْهِ وَ قَدْ رَضِيَ عَمَلَهُ وَ تَقَبَّلَ سَعْيَهُ وَ غَفَرَ ذَنْبَهُ ص أُوصِيكُمْ عِبَادَ اَللَّهِ بِتَقْوَى اَللَّهِوَ اِغْتِنَامِ مَا اِسْتَطَعْتُمْ عَمَلاً بِهِ مِنْ طَاعَتِهِ فِي هَذِهِ اَلْأَيَّامِ اَلْخَالِيَةِ وَ بِالرَّفْضِ لِهَذِهِ اَلدُّنْيَا اَلتَّارِكَةِ لَكُمْ وَ إِنْ لَمْ تَكُونُوا تُحِبُّونَ تَرْكَهَا وَ اَلْمُبْلِيَةِ لَكُمْ وَ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ تُحِبُّونَ تَجْدِيدَهَا فَإِنَّمَا مَثَلُكُمْ وَ مَثَلُهَا كَرَكْبٍ سَلَكُوا سَبِيلاً فَكَأَنْ قَدْ قَطَعُوهُ وَ أَفْضَوْا إِلَى عَلَمٍ فَكَأَنْ قَدْ بَلَغُوهُ وَ كَمْ عَسَى اَلْمُجْرَى إِلَى اَلْغَايَةِ أَنْ يُجْرَى إِلَيْهَا حَتَّى يَبْلُغَهَا وَ كَمْ عَسَى أَنْ يَكُونَ بَقَاءُ مَنْ لَهُ يَوْمٌ لاَ يَعْدُوهُ وَ طَالِبٍ حَثِيثٍ فِي اَلدُّنْيَا يَحْدُوهُ حَتَّى يُفَارِقَهَا فَلاَ تَتَنَافَسُوا فِي عِزِّ اَلدُّنْيَا وَ فَخْرِهَا وَ لاَ تُعْجَبُوا بِزِينَتِهَا وَ نَعِيمِهَا وَ لاَ تَجْزَعُوا مِنْ ضَرَّائِهَا وَ بُؤْسِهَا فَإِنَّ عِزَّ اَلدُّنْيَا وَ فَخْرَهَا إِلَى اِنْقِطَاعٍ وَ إِنَّ زِينَتَهَا وَ نَعِيمَهَا إِلَى زَوَالٍ وَ إِنَّ ضَرَّاءَهَا وَ بُؤْسَهَا إِلَى نَفَادٍ وَ كُلُّ مُدَّةٍ مِنْهَا إِلَى مُنْتَهًى وَ كُلُّ حَيٍّ مِنْهَا إِلَى فَنَاءٍ وَ بَلاَءٍ أَ وَ لَيْسَ لَكُمْ فِي آثَارِ اَلْأَوَّلِينَ وَ فِي آبَائِكُمُ اَلْمَاضِينَ مُعْتَبَرٌ وَ تَبْصِرَةٌ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ تَعْقِلُونَ أَ لَمْ تَرَوْا إِلَى اَلْمَاضِينَ مِنْكُمْ لاَ يَرْجِعُونَ وَ إِلَى اَلْخَلَفِ اَلْبَاقِينَ مِنْكُمْ لاَ يَقِفُونَ قَالَ اَللَّهُ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى، «وَ حَرٰامٌ عَلىٰ قَرْيَةٍ أَهْلَكْنٰاهٰا أَنَّهُمْ لاٰ يَرْجِعُونَ» وَقَالَ «كُلُّ نَفْسٍ ذٰائِقَةُ اَلْمَوْتِ وَ إِنَّمٰا تُوَفَّوْنَ أُجُورَكُمْ يَوْمَ اَلْقِيٰامَةِ فَمَنْ زُحْزِحَ عَنِ اَلنّٰارِ وَ أُدْخِلَ اَلْجَنَّةَ فَقَدْ فٰازَ وَ مَا اَلْحَيٰاةُ اَلدُّنْيٰا إِلاّٰ مَتٰاعُ اَلْغُرُورِ» أَ وَ لَسْتُمْ تَرَوْنَ إِلَى أَهْلِ اَلدُّنْيَا وَ هُمْ يُصْبِحُونَ وَ يُمْسُونَ عَلَى أَحْوَالٍ شَتَّى فَمَيِّتٌ يُبْكَى وَ آخَرُ يُعَزَّى وَ صَرِيعٌ يَتَلَوَّى وَ عَائِدٌ وَ مَعُودٌ وَ آخَرُ بِنَفْسِهِ يَجُودُ وَ طَالِبُ اَلدُّنْيَا وَ اَلْمَوْتُ يَطْلُبُهُ وَ غَافِلٌ وَ لَيْسَ بِمَغْفُولٍ عَنْهُ وَ عَلَى أَثَرِ اَلْمَاضِينَ يَمْضِي اَلْبَاقُونَ «وَ اَلْحَمْدُ لِلّٰهِ رَبِّ اَلْعٰالَمِينَ» رَبِّ اَلسَّمَاوَاتِ اَلسَّبْعِ وَ رَبِّ اَلْأَرَضِينَ اَلسَّبْعِ وَ رَبِّ اَلْعَرْشِ اَلْعَظِيمِ اَلَّذِي يَبْقَى وَ يَفْنَى مَا سِوَاهُ وَ إِلَيْهِ يَئُولُ اَلْخَلْقُ وَ يَرْجِعُ اَلْأَمْرُ أَلاَ إِنَّ هَذَا اَلْيَوْمَ يَوْمٌ جَعَلَهُ اَللَّهُ لَكُمْ عِيداً وَ هُوَ سَيِّدُ أَيَّامِكُمْ وَ أَفْضَلُ أَعْيَادِكُمْ وَ قَدْ أَمَرَكُمُ اَللَّهُ فِي كِتَابِهِ بِالسَّعْيِ فِيهِ إِلَى ذِكْرِهِ فَلْتَعْظُمْ رَغْبَتُكُمْ فِيهِ وَ لْتَخْلُصْ نِيَّتُكُمْ فِيهِ وَ أَكْثِرُوا فِيهِ اَلتَّضَرُّعَ وَ اَلدُّعَاءَ وَ مَسْأَلَةَ اَلرَّحْمَةِ وَ اَلْغُفْرَانِ فَإِنَّ اَللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ يَسْتَجِيبُ لِكُلِّ مَنْ دَعَاهُ وَ يُورِدُ اَلنَّارَ مَنْ عَصَاهُ وَ كُلَّ مُسْتَكْبِرٍ عَنْ عِبَادَتِهِ قَالَ اَللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: «اُدْعُونِي أَسْتَجِبْ لَكُمْ إِنَّ اَلَّذِينَ يَسْتَكْبِرُونَ عَنْ عِبٰادَتِي سَيَدْخُلُونَ جَهَنَّمَ دٰاخِرِينَ» وَ فِيهِ سَاعَةٌ مُبَارَكَةٌ لاَ يَسْأَلُ اَللَّهَ عَبْدٌ مُؤْمِنٌ فِيهَا شَيْئاً إِلاَّ أَعْطَاهُ وَ اَلْجُمُعَةُ وَاجِبَةٌ عَلَى كُلِّ مُؤْمِنٍ إِلاَّ عَلَى اَلصَّبِيِّ وَ اَلْمَرِيضِ وَ اَلْمَجْنُونِ وَ اَلشَّيْخِ اَلْكَبِيرِ وَ اَلْأَعْمَى وَ اَلْمُسَافِرِ وَ اَلْمَرْأَةِ وَ اَلْعَبْدِ اَلْمَمْلُوكِ وَ مَنْ كَانَ عَلَى رَأْسِ فَرْسَخَيْنِ غَفَرَ اَللَّهُ لَنَا وَ لَكُمْ سَالِفَ ذُنُوبِنَا فِيمَا خَلاَ مِنْ أَعْمَارِنَا وَ عَصَمَنَا وَ إِيَّاكُمْ مِنِ اِقْتِرَافِ اَلْآثَامِ بَقِيَّةَ أَيَّامِ دَهْرِنَا إِنَّ أَحْسَنَ اَلْحَدِيثِ وَ أَبْلَغَ اَلْمَوْعِظَةِ، كِتَابُ اَللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ أَعُوذُ بِاللَّهِ مِنَ اَلشَّيْطَانِ اَلرَّجِيمِ إِنَّ اَللَّهَ «هُوَ اَلْفَتّٰاحُ اَلْعَلِيمُ» «بِسْمِ اَللّٰهِ اَلرَّحْمٰنِ اَلرَّحِيمِ» ثُمَّ يَبْدَأُ بَعْدَ اَلْحَمْدِ بِ «قُلْ هُوَ اَللّٰهُ أَحَدٌ» أَوْ بِ «قُلْ يٰا أَيُّهَا اَلْكٰافِرُونَ» أَوْ بِ «إِذٰا زُلْزِلَتِ اَلْأَرْضُ زِلْزٰالَهٰا» أَوْ بِ «أَلْهٰاكُمُ اَلتَّكٰاثُرُ» أَوْ بِالْعَصْرِ وَ كَانَ مِمَّا يَدُومُ عَلَيْهِ «قُلْ هُوَ اَللّٰهُ أَحَدٌ» » ثُمَّ يَجْلِسُ جِلْسَةً خَفِيفَةً ثُمَّ يَقُومُ فَيَقُولُ « اَلْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ نَحْمَدُهُ وَ نَسْتَعِينُهُ وَ نُؤْمِنُ/بِهِ وَ نَتَوَكَّلُ عَلَيْهِ وَ نَشْهَدُ أَنْ لاَ إِلَهَ إِلاَّ اَللَّهُ وَحْدَهُ لاَ شَرِيكَ لَهُ وَ أَنَّ مُحَمَّداً عَبْدُهُ وَ رَسُولُهُ صَلَوَاتُُ اَللَّهِ وَ سَلاَمُهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ وَ مَغْفِرَتُهُ وَ رِضْوَانُهُ اَللَّهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ عَبْدِكَ وَ رَسُولِكَ وَ نَبِيِّكَ صَلاَةً نَامِيَةً زَاكِيَةً تَرْفَعُ بِهَا دَرَجَتَهُ وَ تُبَيِّنُ بِهَا فَضْلَهُ وَ صَلِّ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ وَ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ وَ بَارِكْ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ وَ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ كَمَا صَلَّيْتَ وَ بَارَكْتَ وَ تَرَحَّمْتَ عَلَى إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَ آلِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ إِنَّكَ حَمِيدٌ مَجِيدٌ اَللَّهُمَّ عَذِّبْ كَفَرَةَ أَهْلِ اَلْكِتَابِ اَلَّذِينَ يَصُدُّونَ عَنْ سَبِيلِكَ وَ يَجْحَدُونَ آيَاتِكَ وَ يُكَذِّبُونَ رُسُلَكَ اَللَّهُمَّ خَالِفْ بَيْنَ كَلِمَتِهِمْ وَ أَلْقِ اَلرُّعْبَ فِي قُلُوبِهِمْ وَ أَنْزِلْ عَلَيْهِمْ رِجْزَكَ وَ نَقِمَتَكَ وَ بَأْسَكَ اَلَّذِي لاَ تَرُدُّهُ عَنِ اَلْقَوْمِ اَلْمُجْرِمِينَ اَللَّهُمَّ اُنْصُرْ جُيُوشَ اَلْمُسْلِمِينَ وَ سَرَايَاهُمْ وَ مُرَابِطِيهِمْ فِي مَشَارِقِ اَلْأَرْضِ وَ مَغَارِبِهَا «إِنَّكَ عَلىٰ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ» اَللَّهُمَّ اِغْفِرْ لِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَ اَلْمُؤْمِنَاتِ وَ اَلْمُسْلِمِينَ وَ اَلْمُسْلِمَاتِ اَللَّهُمَّ اِجْعَلِ اَلتَّقْوَى زَادَهُمْ وَ اَلْإِيمَانَ وَ اَلْحِكْمَةَ فِي قُلُوبِهِمْ وَ أَوْزِعْهُمْ أَنْ يَشْكُرُوا نِعْمَتَكَ اَلَّتِي أَنْعَمْتَ عَلَيْهِمْ وَ أَنْ يُوفُوا بِعَهْدِكَ اَلَّذِي عَاهَدْتَهُمْ عَلَيْهِ إِلَهَ اَلْحَقِّ وَ خَالِقَ اَلْخَلْقِ اَللَّهُمَّ اِغْفِرْ لِمَنْ تُوُفِّيَ مِنَ اَلْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَ اَلْمُؤْمِنَاتِ وَ اَلْمُسْلِمِينَ وَ اَلْمُسْلِمَاتِ وَ لِمَنْ هُوَ لاَحِقٌ بِهِمْ مِنْ بَعْدِهِمْ مِنْهُمْ «إِنَّكَ أَنْتَ اَلْعَزِيزُ اَلْحَكِيمُ»: «إِنَّ اَللّٰهَ يَأْمُرُ بِالْعَدْلِ وَ اَلْإِحْسٰانِ وَ إِيتٰاءِ ذِي اَلْقُرْبىٰ وَ يَنْهىٰ عَنِ اَلْفَحْشٰاءِ وَ اَلْمُنْكَرِ وَ اَلْبَغْيِ يَعِظُكُمْ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَذَكَّرُونَ» اُذْكُرُوا اَللَّهَ يَذْكُرْكُمْ، فَإِنَّهُ ذَاكِرٌ لِمَنْ ذَكَرَهُ وَ اِسْأَلُوا اَللَّهَ مِنْ رَحْمَتِهِ وَ فَضْلِهِ فَإِنَّهُ لاَ يَخِيبُ عَلَيْهِ دَاعٍ دَعَاهُ: «رَبَّنٰا آتِنٰا فِي اَلدُّنْيٰا حَسَنَةً وَ فِي اَلْآخِرَةِ حَسَنَةً وَ قِنٰا عَذٰابَ اَلنّٰارِ » »
The Commander of the Faithful Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib عليه السلام delivered a sermon on Jumu’ah, saying: "Praise be to Allah سبحانه وتعالى, the Praiseworthy Guardian, the Wise, the Glorious, who acts as He wills. He is the Knower of the unseen, the Creator of creation, the Sender of rain, the Director of the affairs of the world and the Hereafter, and the Inheritor of the heavens and the earth. His greatness is unparalleled; every thing is humbled before His greatness, every thing submits to His majesty, every thing surrenders to His power, every thing stands still at His awe, every thing is subdued by His sovereignty and Lord عز وجلship. It is He who 'holds the heavens from falling upon the earth except by His permission,' and nothing happens in the heavens and the earth except with His knowledge. We praise Him for what has passed, we seek His assistance for what lies ahead, we seek His forgiveness, and we seek His guidance. We bear witness that there is no god but Allah سبحانه وتعالى, alone, with no partner. He is the Sovereign of the kings, the Lord عز وجل of the Lord عز وجلs, the Master of the heavens and the earth, the Compeller of all creation. He is 'The Great, the Most High,' 'The Glorious and the Honorable,' the Judge of the Day of Judgment and the Lord عز وجل of our forefathers and ancestors. We also bear witness that Muhammad is His servant and messenger. He was sent with the truth, inviting people to the truth and bearing witness over them. He fulfilled the messages of his Lord عز وجل as he was commanded, neither transgressing nor falling short. He strove for the sake of Allah سبحانه وتعالى against His enemies without slackening or hesitating. He advised Allah سبحانه وتعالى concerning His servants, being patient and hopeful for reward. Allah سبحانه وتعالى then took him unto Himself while He was pleased with his efforts, accepted his endeavors, and forgave his sins. I advise you, O’ servants of Allah سبحانه وتعالى, to fear Allah سبحانه وتعالى and to seize every opportunity to obey Him during these transient days. Be wary of this world that will leave you behind even if you cling to it. Though you may wish to stay in it, and it may wear you out though you love to renew it. Your example and the example of this world are like that of travelers who have embarked upon a journey, and they soon reach their destination. How short is the span of one whose days are numbered, how fleeting is the life of one whose end is decreed! Do not vie for honor and pride in this world. Do not be dazzled by its beauty or pleasures. And do not despair from its trials and tribulations, for the pride of this world will cease, its beauty will vanish, its trials and hardships will come to an end. Every duration within it has an end, and every living being within it faces decay and demise. Have you not seen the lessons of those before you? Are you not aware of your past ancestors? Do you not see how they have passed and do not return, while those left behind will soon follow? Allah سبحانه وتعالى says: 'It is forbidden for a town that We have destroyed to return,' and 'Every soul shall taste death, and you will only be given your full rewards on the Day of Resurrection; so whoever is removed from the Fire and is admitted to Paradise has indeed succeeded. The life of this world is nothing but the enjoyment of deception.' Do you not see the people of this world? They wake up and go to sleep in different states—some mourn the dead, others console the bereaved, some writhe in agony, others comfort or are comforted, while another battles his own soul. The pursuer of worldly gain is pursued by death; some are heedless, though they are not forgotten. As you watch the procession of those who passed, know that you too will follow in their footsteps. Praise be to Allah سبحانه وتعالى, the Lord عز وجل of the worlds, the Lord عز وجل of the seven heavens and the seven earths, the Lord عز وجل of the Mighty Throne. He is eternal, while all else perishes, and to Him returns all creation and every matter. This day is one which Allah سبحانه وتعالى has made for you as a festival. It is the master of all your days, and the best of your festivals. Allah سبحانه وتعالى has commanded you in His Book to strive towards His remembrance on this day, so let your desires be strong and pure, and increase your supplication and invocation, asking for His mercy and forgiveness. Indeed, Allah سبحانه وتعالى, the Almighty, answers every sincere supplication and will punish those who disobey Him. Every arrogant one who turns away from His worship shall enter Hell in humiliation, as Allah سبحانه وتعالى says: 'Call upon Me, I will respond to you. Indeed, those who disdain My worship will enter Hell in disgrace.' In this day is a blessed hour in which no believing servant asks Allah سبحانه وتعالى for anything but that He grants it. The Jumu’ah prayer is obligatory upon every believer, except for children, the sick, the insane, the elderly, the blind, travelers, women, and slaves. May Allah سبحانه وتعالى forgive us and you for our past sins and protect us and you from falling into sin in the remaining days of our lives. Indeed, the best speech and the most profound counsel is the Book of Allah سبحانه وتعالى, the Almighty. I seek refuge with Allah سبحانه وتعالى from the accursed Satan: 'Indeed, Allah سبحانه وتعالى is the Opener, the All-Knowing.' 'In the name of Allah سبحانه وتعالى, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.' Then recite either: 'Qul Huwa Allahu Ahad' (Surah Al-Ikhlas) or ‘Qul ya-ayyuhal kaafirun’ (Surah al-Kafirun) or ‘Al haaku mut takathur’ (Surah Al-Takathur) or ‘Innaa anzalna’ (Surah Al Qadr)or 'By time.' He would regularly recite: 'Qul Huwa Allahu Ahad' (Surah Al-Ikhlas) Then, he would sit briefly and rise, saying: 'Praise be to Allah سبحانه وتعالى; we praise Him, seek His help, believe in Him, and rely on Him. We bear witness that there is no god but Allah سبحانه وتعالى, alone without partner, and that Muhammad is His servant and messenger. May the peace, blessings, forgiveness, and pleasure of Allah سبحانه وتعالى be upon him and his family. O’ Allah سبحانه وتعالى, bless Muhammad, Your servant and messenger, and grant him growth and purity; raise his rank and show his excellence.' 'O’ Allah سبحانه وتعالى, bless Muhammad and the family of Muhammad as You blessed and showed mercy upon Ibrahim عليه السلام and the family of Ibrahim عليه السلام; You are the Praised, the Glorious. O’ Allah سبحانه وتعالى, punish the disbelievers among the People of the Book who obstruct Your path, reject Your signs, and deny Your messengers. O’ Allah سبحانه وتعالى, divide their unity, fill their hearts with fear, send Your wrath, vengeance, and unrelenting punishment upon the criminal people. O’ Allah سبحانه وتعالى, grant victory to the armies and troops of the Muslims in the east and west of the earth.' 'Verily, You are over all things competent. O’ Allah سبحانه وتعالى, forgive the believers, both men and women, and the Muslims, both men and women. O’ Allah سبحانه وتعالى, grant them provision in piety, fill their hearts with faith and wisdom, and make them grateful for Your blessings. Fulfil Your covenant with them, O’ Lord عز وجل of truth and Creator of creation. O’ Allah سبحانه وتعالى, forgive the deceased among the believers, and make a good successor of those left behind.' 'Indeed, Allah سبحانه وتعالى commands justice, good conduct, and giving to relatives, and forbids immorality, wrongdoing, and oppression. He admonishes you that you may take heed.' Remember Allah سبحانه وتعالى, and He will remember you. Ask Him for His mercy and bounty; He will not disappoint a supplicant who invokes Him: 'Our Lord عز وجل, give us good in this world and good in the Hereafter and save us from the punishment of the Fire.'"
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh
وَقَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: «أَوَّلُ مَنْ قَدَّمَ اَلْخُطْبَةَ عَلَى اَلصَّلاَةِ يَوْمَ اَلْجُمُعَةِ عُثْمَانُ لِأَنَّهُ كَانَ إِذَا صَلَّى لَمْ يَقِفِ اَلنَّاسُ عَلَى خُطْبَتِهِ وَ تَفَرَّقُوا وَ قَالُوا مَا نَصْنَعُ بِمَوَاعِظِهِ وَ هُوَ لاَ يَتَّعِظُ بِهَا وَ قَدْ أَحْدَثَ مَا أَحْدَثَ فَلَمَّا رَأَى ذَلِكَ قَدَّمَ اَلْخُطْبَتَيْنِ عَلَى اَلصَّلاَةِ.
Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq عليه السلام "The first to deliver the sermon (khutbah) before the prayer on Jumu’ah was Uthman because, when he would lead the prayer, the people would disperse after the prayer and not stay for his sermon, saying: 'What use is his preaching when he does not adhere to it himself, and he has introduced innovations?' When he noticed this, he placed the two sermons before the prayer."
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh
وسألت شيخنا محمد بن الحسن بن الوليد رضي الله عنه عما يستعمله العامة من التهليل والتكبير على أثر الجمعة ما هو؟ فقال: رويت أن بني أمية كانوا يلعنون أمير المؤمنين عليه السلام بعد صلاة الجمعة ثلاث مرات، فلما ولي عمر بن عبد العزيز نهى عن ذلك وقال للناس: التهليل والتكبير بعد الصلاة أفضل.
I asked our Shaykh Muhammad ibn al-Hasan ibn al-Walid about what the common people practice of saying 'La ilaha illa Allah سبحانه وتعالى' (the testimony of faith) and 'Allahu Akbar' (God is Greatest) after the Jumu’ah prayer—what is it? He said: It has been narrated that the Umayyads used to curse The Commander of the Faithful (Imam Ali عليه السلام) after the Jumu’ah prayer three times. When Umar ibn Abdul Aziz assumed power, he forbade that practice and said to the people: Declaring 'La ilaha illa Allah سبحانه وتعالى' and 'Allahu Akbar' after the prayer is better.
رَوَى زُرَارَةُ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «أَرْبَعُ صَلَوَاتٍُ يُصَلِّيهَا اَلرَّجُلُ فِي كُلِّ سَاعَةٍ صَلاَةٌ فَاتَتْكَ فَمَتَى مَا ذَكَرْتَهَا أَدَّيْتَهَا وَ صَلاَةُ رَكْعَتَيْ طَوَافِ اَلْفَرِيضَةِ وَ صَلاَةُ اَلْكُسُوفِ وَ اَلصَّلاَةُ عَلَى اَلْمَيِّتِ هَذِهِ يُصَلِّيهِنَّ اَلرَّجُلُ فِي اَلسَّاعَاتِ كُلِّهَا.
Zurarah narrated from Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq عليه السلام that He said: "There are four prayers that a person may perform at any hour: a prayer that you missed, so whenever you remember it, you perform it; the two units (rak'ahs) of the obligatory circumambulation (Tawaf) prayer; the prayer for an eclipse (Salat al-Kusuf); and the prayer over a deceased person (Salat al-Janazah). These prayers can be performed by a person at any time."
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Faqīh, p. 61
Commentary #1