Chapter on What is Obligatory for One Who Breaks the Fast or Engages in Intercourse in the Month of Ramadan Intentionally or Forgetfully

Abd al-Mu’min ibn al-Qasim al-Ansari narrated from Abu Ja'far عليه السلام: "A man came to the Prophet (peace be upon him and his family) and said: 'I have perished, and I have ruined myself.' The Prophet (peace be upon him and his family) asked: 'What has ruined you?' The man replied: 'I had relations with my wife during the day in the Month of Ramadan while I was fasting.' The Prophet (peace be upon him and his family) said: 'Free a slave.' The man said: 'I cannot afford it.' The Prophet (peace be upon him and his family) then said: 'Fast for two consecutive months.' The man replied: 'I am unable to do that.' The Prophet (peace be upon him and his family) said: 'Feed sixty poor people.' The man said: 'I cannot afford that either.' Then the Prophet (peace be upon him and his family) was given a basket containing fifteen sa' (a unit of measure) of dates. The Prophet (peace be upon him and his family) said: 'Take this and give it in charity.' The man replied: 'By the One who sent you with the truth as a Prophet, there is no family between these two hills more in need of it than us.' The Prophet (peace be upon him and his family) said: 'Take it, and eat it with your family, for it will serve as your expiation.'"

In the narration of Jamil ibn Darraj from Abu Abdullah عليه السلام: "The basket that was brought to the Prophet (peace be upon him and his family) contained twenty sa' of dates."

Idris ibn Hilal narrated from Abu Abdullah عليه السلام that he was asked about a man who had relations with his wife during the Month of Ramadan. Imam عليه السلام said: "He must provide twenty sa' of dates. This is what the Prophet (peace be upon him and his family) instructed the man who came to him and asked about this matter."

Muhammad ibn al-Nu'man narrated from Imam عليه السلام that he was asked about a man who broke his fast for one day in the Month of Ramadan. Imam عليه السلام said: "His expiation is two jars (jariban) of food, which is equivalent to twenty sa'."

In the narration of al-Mufaddal ibn Umar from Abu Abdullah عليه السلام regarding a man who had relations with his wife while both were fasting, Imam عليه السلام said: "If he forced her, he must bear two expiations. If she consented, then he must bear one expiation and she must bear one expiation. If he forced her, he is to be lashed fifty times, half the prescribed punishment. If she consented, he is to be lashed twenty-five times, and she is to be lashed twenty-five times as well."

Al-Hasan ibn Mahbub narrated from Hisham ibn Salim, from Burayd al-Ijli, who said: Abu Ja'far عليه السلام was asked about a man against whom witnesses testified that he broke his fast for three days during the Month of Ramadan. Imam عليه السلام said: "He is asked, 'Do you consider your breaking of the fast during Month of Ramadan to be a sin?' If he says, 'No,' then the Imam must execute him. If he says, 'Yes,' then the Imam must punish him with severe lashing."

In the narration of Sama'ah from Abu Abdullah عليه السلام, he said: "I asked him about a man who was caught breaking his fast during the Month of Ramadan three times and was presented to the Imam three times. Imam عليه السلام said: 'He is executed on the third occasion.'"

Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq عليه السلام said: "Whoever breaks a fast during the Month of Ramadan, the spirit of faith departs from him. Whoever intentionally breaks a fast in the month of Ramadan must offer one expiation and make up a day in its place. But how can he ever truly replace it?"

Al-Halabi narrated from Abu Abdullah عليه السلام that he was asked about a man who forgot and ate or drank, then remembered. Imam عليه السلام said: "His fast is not broken; it is something that Allah سبحانه وتعالى has provided for him. Let him complete his fast."

Ammar ibn Musa asked Imam عليه السلام about a man who forgets while fasting and has relations with his wife. Imam عليه السلام said: "He should perform ghusl (ritual bathing), and there is no penalty upon him."

Ali ibn Ri'ab narrated from Ibrahim ibn Maymun, who said: "I asked Abu Abdullah عليه السلام about a man who becomes junub (in a state of ritual impurity) at night during the Month of Ramadan, then forgets to perform ghusl (ritual bathing) until a week passes or the Month of Ramadan ends. Imam عليه السلام said: 'He must make up the missed prayers and the fasts.'"

It is narrated in another report: "If someone has intercourse at the beginning of the Month of Ramadan and then forgets to perform ghusl (ritual bathing) until the Month of Ramadan ends, he must perform ghusl and make up his prayers and fasts. However, if he performed ghusl for Jumu'ah (Friday prayer), then he only needs to make up his prayers and fasts up to that day and does not need to make up what comes after it."

In the narration of Ibn Abi Nasr from Abu Sa'id al-Qammat: Abu Abdullah عليه السلام was asked about someone who became junub (in a state of ritual impurity) at the beginning of the night in the Month of Ramadan and then slept until morning. Imam عليه السلام said: "There is no penalty upon him, as his state of janabah occurred during a permissible time."

Ibn Abi Ya'fur narrated from Abu Abdullah عليه السلام: "I asked him about a man who becomes junub (in a state of ritual impurity) during the Month of Ramadan, wakes up, then sleeps again, wakes up, and then sleeps again until morning. Imam عليه السلام said: 'He should complete his fast but must make up another day. However, if he does not wake up until morning, he may complete his fast, and it is valid for him.'"

Abdullah ibn Sinan asked Imam عليه السلام about a man who is making up a fast for the Month of Ramadan. He becomes junub (in a state of ritual impurity) at the beginning of the night but does not perform ghusl until the end of the night, thinking that dawn has already broken. Imam عليه السلام said: "He should not fast that day but should fast on another day."

Al-'Is ibn al-Qasim asked Imam عليه السلام about a man who sleeps during the Month of Ramadan, has a wet dream, wakes up, and then sleeps again before performing ghusl. Imam عليه السلام said: "There is no harm."

Muhammad ibn al-Fudayl narrated from Abu al-Sabbah al-Kinani, who said: "I asked Abu Abdullah عليه السلام about a man who was fasting and thought the sun had set because the sky was cloudy, so he broke his fast. Then the clouds cleared, and it became evident that the sun had not yet set. Imam عليه السلام said: 'His fast is complete, and he does not need to make it up.'"

Hammad narrated from Hariz, from Zurara, who said that Abu Ja'far عليه السلام said: "The time for Maghrib is when the disk of the sun disappears. If you see it again after that and you have already prayed, you must repeat the prayer, but your fast remains valid. Refrain from eating if you have consumed anything."