Chapter on the Prayer of the Two Eids

From him, from al-Abbas, from Hammad ibn Isa, from Rib'i, from al-Fudayl, from Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him, who said: Imam al-Sadiq عليه السلام said: “A prayer mat (khumrah) was brought to my father عليه السلام, peace be upon him, on the Day of al-Fitr, and He عليه السلام ordered it to be returned. Then He (Imam al-Baqir عليه السلام) said: “This is a day on which the Messenger of Allah سبحانه وتعالى, may Allah سبحانه وتعالى bless him and his family, loved to look toward the horizons of the sky and place his forehead on the earth.”

From him, from Yaqub ibn Yazid, from Ibn Abi Umayr, from Hisham ibn al-Hakam, from Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him: Imam al-Sadiq عليه السلام said regarding the prayer of the two Eids. Imam عليه السلام said: “You connect the recitation with the recitation,” And Imam عليه السلام said: “You begin with the takbir in the first (rak‘ah), then you recite, then you bow with the seventh (takbir).”

Al-Husayn ibn Sa'id from Ibn Abi Umayr from Hisham ibn al-Hakam from Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him, and Hammad ibn Uthman from Ubaydullah al-Halabi from Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him: The same.

Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Mahbub from al-Abbas from Abdullah ibn al-Mughirah from Mu'awiyah ibn Ammar from Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him: Imam al-Sadiq عليه السلام said: “The Messenger of Allah سبحانه وتعالى, may Allah سبحانه وتعالى bless him and his family, used to go out until He صلى الله عليه وعلى آله وسلم looked at the horizons of the sky,” And Imam عليه السلام said: “On that day, no one should pray upon a mat or a reed mat (bariyyah).”

From him, from Ahmad ibn al-Hasan ibn Ali, from Amr ibn Sa'id, from Musaddiq ibn Sadaqah, from Ammar al-Sabati, who said: I asked Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him, about a man who forgets to perform the ghusl on the Day of Eid, until after he has prayed. Imam عليه السلام said: “If it is still within the time, then he must perform the ghusl and repeat the prayer; but if the time has passed, then his prayer is valid.”

From him, from Muhammad ibn Khalid al-Tamimi, from Sayf ibn Umayrah, from Ishaq ibn Ammar, who said: Ibn Qays narrated to me from Ja’far ibn Muhammad, peace be upon him, who said: Imam al-Sadiq عليه السلام said: “Indeed, the prayer on the two Eid days is only upon the one who goes out to the open prayer ground (al-jabbana), and whoever does not go out, there is no prayer upon him.”

From him, from Ahmad ibn Muhammad, from al-Hasan ibn Ali ibn Mahbub, from Abdurrahman ibn Sayabah, from Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him, who said: Imam al-Sadiq عليه السلام said: “Indeed, it is upon the (just) imam to bring out those imprisoned for debt on Fridays to the Friday prayer, and on the Day of Eid, to the Eid prayer, and to send someone with them. Then, when they have completed the prayer and the Eid, he should return them to the prison.”

From him, from Ahmad ibn Muhammad, from Ibn Abi Najran, from Asim ibn Humayd, from Abu Basir, from Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him, who said: Imam al-Sadiq عليه السلام said: “If you intend to depart on the day of Eid, and dawn breaks while you are still in the town, then do not leave until you attend that Eid.”

From him, from Muhammad ibn al-Husayn, from Yazid ibn Ishaq Sha'ir, from Harun ibn Hamzah al-Ghanawi, from Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him, who said: I asked Imam al-Sadiq عليه السلام about the takbir in al-Fitr and al-Adha. Imam عليه السلام said: “Five and four, so it does not harm you if you finish with an odd number.”

From him, from Muhammad ibn al-Husayn, from Muhammad ibn Abdullah, from Zurarah, from Isa ibn Abdullah, from his father, from his grandfather, from Imam Ali عليه السلام, peace be upon him, who said: Imam Ali عليه السلام said: “The Prophet صلى الله عليه وعلى آله وسلم, may Allah سبحانه وتعالى bless him and his family, would not say more than one takbir in the two Eids until the tongue of Imam al-Husayn عليه السلام, peace be upon him, was delayed in speech. Then, on one Eid day, his mother (Sayyidah Fatima صلى الله عليه وعلى آله وسلم), peace be upon her, dressed him (Imam al-Husayn عليه السلام) and sent him with his grandfather صلى الله عليه وعلى آله وسلم. So the Messenger of Allah سبحانه وتعالى, may Allah سبحانه وتعالى bless him and his family, pronounced the takbir, and Imam al-Husayn عليه السلام, peace be upon him, also pronounced the takbir when the Prophet صلى الله عليه وعلى آله وسلم, may Allah سبحانه وتعالى bless him and his family, (had said it) seven times. Then He صلى الله عليه وعلى آله وسلم stood for the second unit, and the Prophet صلى الله عليه وعلى آله وسلم, may Allah سبحانه وتعالى bless him and his family, pronounced the takbir, and Imam al-Husayn عليه السلام, peace be upon him, also pronounced the takbir when He صلى الله عليه وعلى آله وسلم (had said it) five times. So thus Messenger of Allah سبحانه وتعالى, may Allah سبحانه وتعالى bless him and his family, made it a sunnah, and the sunnah has remained established until today.”

From him, from al-Abbas, from Abdurrahman ibn Hammad, from Bashir ibn Sa'id, from Abu Abdillah عليه السلام: Imam al-Sadiq عليه السلام said: “You say in the supplication of the two Eids between every two takbirs: ‘Allah سبحانه وتعالى is my Lord عز وجل forever, and Islam is my religion forever, and (Prophet) Muhammad صلى الله عليه وعلى آله وسلم is my Prophet forever, and the Quran is my Book forever, and the Ka'bah is my Qiblah forever, and Imam Ali عليه السلام is my Guardian (waliyy) forever, and the Successors (awsiya) are my Imams عليه السلام forever and you name them (the Imams عليه السلام) until the last of them and none is to be worshipped except Allah سبحانه وتعالى’.”

Ali ibn Ibrahim from his father from Muhammad ibn Isa from Yunus from al-Ala ibn Razin from Muhammad: I asked Imam عليه السلام about a man who missed a rak‘ah with the imam (of prayer) from the prayer during the ‘Days of Tashriq’. (meaning 11th, 12th, and 13th of Dhul Hijjah) Imam عليه السلام said: “He completes the prayer and pronounces the takbir.”

Al-Husayn ibn Sa'id from Fadalah from Abdullah ibn Sinan, who said: The Messenger of Allah سبحانه وتعالى, may Allah سبحانه وتعالى bless him and his family, only granted permission to the young unmarried women (al-‘awatiq), to go out on the two Eids for the purpose of seeking provision (al-tarudd lil-rizq).

From him, from al-Hasan, from Zur’ah, from Sama’ah, who said: I asked him about going early to the prayer ground on the Day of Fitr and Day of Adha. He said: “After sunrise.”

From him, from Safwan, from Al-Alaa, from Muhammad, from one of the two Imams عليه السلام, peace be upon them: Imam عليه السلام was asked regarding the prayer of the two Eids. Imam عليه السلام said: “The prayer is before the two sermons, and the takbir is after the recitation; seven (takbir) in the first and five (takbir) in the last. The first to innovate placing the sermon before (the prayer) was Uthman (third oppressor), when he introduced his innovations. When Uthman finished the prayer, the people would stand up to leave. When Uthman saw that, he brought the two sermons forward and ‘detained’ the people for the prayer.”

From him, from Uthman ibn Isa, from Sama'ah, from Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him, who said: I said to Imam al-Sadiq عليه السلام: “When is the sacrifice to be slaughtered?” Imam عليه السلام said: “When the (just) imam has finished (the Eid prayer and turned away).” I asked: “What if I am in a land where there is no (just) imam, and I lead them in prayer in congregation?” Imam عليه السلام said: “(Do sacrifice) When the sun has risen fully (when it has ascended).” And Imam عليه السلام said: “There is no harm in you praying alone, but there is no (valid) prayer except with an (just) imam.”

Sa’ad, from Ahmad, from Al-Husayn ibn Sa'id, from Fadalah, from Aban, from Zurarah, from one of the two Imams عليه السلام, peace be upon them, who said: Imam عليه السلام said: “Indeed, the prayer of the two Eids is only upon the resident (not the traveller), and there is no (valid) prayer except with an (just) imam.”

From him, from Muhammad ibn Al-Husayn, from Ja’far ibn Bashir, from Muhammad ibn Muslim, from one of the two Imams عليه السلام, peace be upon them, who said: I asked Imam عليه السلام about the speech that is said between the two takbirs, in the two Eids. Imam عليه السلام said: “Whatever good speech you wish (to say).”

From him, from Muhammad ibn Al-Husayn, from Yazid ibn Ishaq Sha’ir, from Harun ibn Hamzah al-Ghanawi, from Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him, who said: Imam al-Sadiq عليه السلام said: “Going out on the day of Fitr and Adha to the open space (al-jabbana) is good for whoever is able to go out to it.” So I asked: “What do you say if he is sick and not able to go out, should he pray in his house?” Imam عليه السلام said, “No.”

Mansur ibn Hazim, from Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him, who said: Imam al-Sadiq عليه السلام said: “My father (Imam al-Baqir عليه السلام), peace be upon him, became ill on the day of Adha, so He عليه السلام prayed two rak‘ahs in his house, then offered the sacrifice.”

Ahmad ibn Muhammad, from Ali ibn Ahmad ibn Ashyam, from Yunus, who said: I asked him about the takbir in the two Eids, should he raise his hands with each takbir, or is it sufficient that he raises (them) with the first takbir? He said: “He should raise (his hands) with each takbir.”

From him, from Sa’ad ibn Sa’ad al-Ash'ari, from Abu al-Hasan al-Ridha عليه السلام, peace be upon him, who said: I asked Imam al-Ridha عليه السلام about the traveller to Mecca or elsewhere, does he have to perform the prayer of the two Eids; al-Fitr and al-Adha? Imam عليه السلام said: “Yes, except in Mina on the ‘Day of Sacrifice’ (Yawm al-Nahr).”

Ahmad ibn Muhammad, from Muhammad ibn Sinan, from Hammad ibn Uthman and Khalaf ibn Hammad, from Rub'i ibn Abdillah and Al-Fudayl ibn Yasar, from Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him, who said: Imam al-Sadiq عليه السلام said: “There is no (prayer of) Jumu'ah, nor Fitr, nor Adha in travel.”

Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Yahya, from Abu Ja’far, from his father, from Hafs ibn Ghiyath, from his father, from Imam Ali عليه السلام, peace be upon him, who said: Imam Ali عليه السلام said: “It is upon men and women to perform the takbir during the ‘Days of Tashriq’ after the prayers, and (this applies) to the one who prays alone and the one who performs voluntary (nawafil) prayers.”

From him, from Al-Abbas ibn Ma'ruf, from Al-Hasan ibn Mahbub, from Hanan ibn Sadir, from Abdillah ibn Dhubyan, from Abu Ja’far عليه السلام, peace be upon him, who said: Imam al-Baqir عليه السلام said: “O Abdillah, there is no day of Eid for the Muslims; neither ‘Adha’ nor ‘Fitr’, except that Allah سبحانه وتعالى renews for the family of (Prophet) Muhammad صلى الله عليه وعلى آله وسلم, peace be upon them, sorrow on that day.” He (Abdillah ibn Dhubyan) said: “I asked, ‘And why is that?’” Imam عليه السلام said: “Because they see their right in the hands of others.”

From him, from Muhammad ibn Isa, from Yusuf ibn Aqil, from Muhammad ibn Qays, from Abu Ja’far عليه السلام: Indeed, when he led the people in the prayer of ‘Fitr’ or ‘Adha’, he would lower his voice so that those near him could hear, and he would not recite the Quran aloud. And the sermons (al-mawa'iz) and the reminders (al-tadhkirah) on the Day of Adha and Fitr are after the prayer.”

From him, from Ahmad ibn al-Hasan, from Amr ibn Sa'id, from Musaddiq ibn Sadaqah, from Ammar ibn Musa al-Sabati, from Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him, who said: I said to Imam al-Sadiq عليه السلام: “May a man lead his family in the prayer of the two Eids on the rooftop or in a house?” Imam عليه السلام said: “He should not lead them, and they should not go out, and it is not obligatory upon women to go out.” And Imam عليه السلام said: “Minimize for them the appearance (of preparation), so that they do not ask to go out.”

And Isma'il ibn Jabir narrated from Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him, who said: I said to Imam al-Sadiq عليه السلام: “What do you say about the prayer of the two Eids, do they have adhan and iqamah?” Imam عليه السلام said: “There is no adhan and no iqamah in them, but it is called out; 'The prayer, the prayer' three times. And there is no pulpit (minbar) in them, the pulpit is not to be moved from its place. Rather, something like a pulpit made of clay, is constructed for the (just) imam, and he stands upon it and delivers the sermon to the people, then descends.”