Chapter on One Incapable of Fasting
Tahdhīb al-Aḥkām|Volume 4|Book 2|Chapter 19
Tahdhīb al-Aḥkām
Volume 4, Book 2, Chapter 19
Chapter on One Incapable of Fasting
17 hadiths · 4 commentaries
اَلْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ عَنِ اَلْحَلَبِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ كَبِيرٍ يَضْعُفُ عَنْ صَوْمِ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ فَقَالَ» يَتَصَدَّقُ بِمَا يُجْزِي عَنْهُ طَعَامِ مِسْكِينٍ لِكُلِّ يَوْمٍ«.
Al-Husayn ibn Said, from Muhammad ibn Abi Umayr, from Hammad ibn Uthman, from al-Halabi, from Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him, who said:
I (narrator) asked Imam عليه السلام about ‘an elderly man who is too weak to fast the month of Ramadan.’ Imam عليه السلام said: “He gives in charity what suffices on his behalf: the food of one poor person for each day (of missed fast).”
- Tahdhīb al-Aḥkām fī Sharḥ al-Muqniʿah, vol. 4, p. 307
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Tahdhīb
وَ عَنْهُ عَنْ فَضَالَةَ عَنِ اَلْعَلاَءِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: فِي قَوْلِ اَللَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ» وَ عَلَى اَلَّذِينَ يُطِيقُونَهُ فِدْيَةٌ طَعٰامُ مِسْكِينٍ« قَالَ» اَلشَّيْخُ اَلْكَبِيرُ وَ اَلَّذِي يَأْخُذُهُ اَلْعُطَاشُ« وَ عَنْ قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى» فَمَنْ لَمْ يَسْتَطِعْ فَإِطْعٰامُ سِتِّينَ مِسْكِيناً« قَالَ» مِنْ مَرَضٍ أَوْ عُطَاشٍ«.
And from him, from Fadalah, from al-Ala, from Muhammad ibn Muslim, from Abu Ja’far عليه السلام, peace be upon him:
(Imam عليه السلام was asked) regarding the saying of Allah سبحانه وتعالى, Mighty and Majestic, “(And upon those who are able to bear it) compensation can be made by feeding a needy person (for every day not fasted),” (Surah Al-Baqarah 2:184) Imam عليه السلام said: “The elderly man and the one who is afflicted by excessive thirst (al-utash).” And regarding the saying of Allah سبحانه وتعالى, Exalted is He سبحانه وتعالى: “But if he is unable (to fast), then let him feed sixty poor people,” (Surah Al-Mujadilah 58:4) Imam عليه السلام said: “Due to illness or excessive thirst (utash).”
- Tahdhīb al-Aḥkām fī Sharḥ al-Muqniʿah, vol. 4, p. 307
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Tahdhīb, p. 368
أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ اَلْحَكَمِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اَلْمَلِكِ بْنِ عُتْبَةَ اَلْهَاشِمِيِّ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا اَلْحَسَنِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنِ اَلشَّيْخِ اَلْكَبِيرِ وَاَلْعَجُوزِ اَلْكَبِيرَةِ اَلَّتِي تَضْعُفُ عَنِ اَلصَّوْمِ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ قَالَ» تَتَصَدَّقُ عَنْ كُلِّ يَوْمٍ بِمُدٍّ مِنْ حِنْطَةٍ«.
Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Isa, from Ali ibn al-Hakam, from Abd al-Malik ibn Utbah al-Hashimi, who said:
I (narrator) asked Abu al-Hasan عليه السلام, peace be upon him, about ‘the elderly man and the elderly woman who are too weak to fast in the month of Ramadan.’ Imam عليه السلام said: “She gives in charity, on behalf of each day, a mudd of wheat.”
- Tahdhīb al-Aḥkām fī Sharḥ al-Muqniʿah, vol. 4, p. 308
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Tahdhīb, p. 368
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ اَلْحَسَنِ بْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنِ اَلْعَلاَءِ بْنِ رَزِينٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ يَقُولُ:» اَلشَّيْخُ اَلْكَبِيرُ وَ اَلَّذِي بِهِ اَلْعُطَاشُ لاَ حَرَجَ عَلَيْهِمَا أَنْ يُفْطِرَا فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ وَ يَتَصَدَّقَ كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا فِي كُلِّ يَوْمٍ بِمُدٍّ مِنْ طَعَامٍ وَ لاَ قَضَاءَ عَلَيْهِمَا فَإِنْ لَمْ يَقْدِرَا فَلاَ شَيْءَ عَلَيْهِمَا«.
Muhammad ibn Yaqub, from Muhammad ibn Yahya, from Ahmad ibn Muhammad, from al-Hasan ibn Mahbub, from al-Ala ibn Razin, from Muhammad ibn Muslim, who said:
I (narrator) heard Abu Ja’far عليه السلام, peace be upon him, saying: “The elderly man and the one who has excessive thirst (al-utash), there is no difficulty upon them if they break the fast in the month of Ramadan, and each one of them gives in charity, for each day, a mudd of food, and there is no making up (of fasts) upon them. But if they are not able, then there is nothing upon them.”
- Tahdhīb al-Aḥkām fī Sharḥ al-Muqniʿah, vol. 4, p. 308
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Tahdhīb
وَرَوَى هَذَا اَلْحَدِيثَ سَعْدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ اَلْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ أَبِي اَلْخَطَّابِ قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا جَعْفَرُ بْنُ بَشِيرٍ وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ بْنِ هِلاَلٍ عَنْ عَلاَءِ بْنِ رَزِينٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: وَذَكَرَ اَلْحَدِيثَ إِلاَّ أَنَّهُ قَالَ» وَ يَتَصَدَّقُ كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا فِي كُلِّ يَوْمٍ بِمُدَّيْنِ مِنَ اَلطَّعَامِ«.
Sa’ad ibn Abdullah narrated this hadith from Muhammad ibn al-Husayn ibn Abi al-Khattab, who said: Jafar ibn Bashir and Muhammad ibn Abdullah ibn Hilal narrated to us, from Alaa ibn Razin, from Muhammad ibn Muslim, who said:
I (narrator) heard Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him; and he (narrator) mentioned the hadith, except that Imam عليه السلام said: “And each one of them gives in charity, for each day, two mudds (muddayn) of food.”
- Tahdhīb al-Aḥkām fī Sharḥ al-Muqniʿah, vol. 4, p. 308
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Tahdhīb
وهذا الخبر ليس بمضاد للاحاديث التي تضمنت مدا من طعام أو اطعام مسكين لان هذا الحكم يختلف بحسب اختلاف احوال المكلفين، فمن اطاق اطعام مدين يلزمه ذلك، ومن لم يطق إلا اطعام مد فعل ذلك، ومن لم يقدر على شئ منه فليس عليه شئ حسب ما قدمنا، ويزيده بيانا ما رواه:
This report is not contrary to the hadiths which include a mudd of food or feeding a poor person, because this ruling differs according to the differing conditions of those morally obligated. So whoever is able to feed two mudds (muddayn), that becomes binding upon him; And whoever is only able to feed one mudd, he does that; And whoever is not able to do any of it, then there is nothing upon him, according to what we have already presented. And what increases it in clarity is what he narrated (in the following hadith):
سَعْدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَنْ عِمْرَانَ بْنِ مُوسَى وَ عَلِيِّ بْنِ خَالِدٍ عَنْ هَارُونَ عَنِ اَلْحَسَنِ بْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ اَلْمُبَارَكِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ بْنِ جُنْدَبٍ عَنْ سَمَاعَةَ بْنِ مِهْرَانَ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لَهُ اَلشَّيْخُ اَلْكَبِيرُ لاَ يَقْدِرُ أَنْ يَصُومَ فَقَالَ» يَصُومُ عَنْهُ بَعْضُ وُلْدِهِ« قُلْتُ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ وُلْدٌ قَالَ» فَأَدْنَى قَرَابَتِهِ« قُلْتُ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ قَرَابَةٌ قَالَ» تَصَدَّقَ بِمُدٍّ فِي كُلِّ يَوْمٍ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ عِنْدَهُ شَيْءٌ فَلَيْسَ عَلَيْهِ«.
Sa’ad ibn Abdullah, from Imran ibn Musa and Ali ibn Khalid, from Harun, from al-Hasan ibn Mahbub, from Yahya ibn al-Mubarak, from Abdullah ibn Jundab, from Samaah ibn Mihran, from Abu Basir, from Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him, who said:
I (narrator) said to Imam عليه السلام: “The elderly man is not able to fast.” Imam عليه السلام said: “Some of his children fast on his behalf.” I (narrator) asked: “But if he has no children?” Imam عليه السلام said: “Then his nearest relative.” I (narrator) asked: “But if he has no relative?” Imam عليه السلام said: “He gives a mudd in charity for each day. But if he does not have anything with him, then there is nothing upon him.”
- Tahdhīb al-Aḥkām fī Sharḥ al-Muqniʿah, vol. 4, p. 309
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Tahdhīb
اَلْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ عَنْ فَضَالَةَ بْنِ أَيُّوبَ عَنْ دَاوُدَ بْنِ فَرْقَدٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: كَتَبَ حَفْصٌ اَلْأَعْوَرُ إِلَيَّ سَلْ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنْ ثَلاَثِ مَسَائِلَ فَقَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ» مَا هِيَ« قَالَ مَنْ تَرَكَ صِيَامَ ثَلاَثَةِ أَيَّامٍ فِي شَهْرٍ فَقَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ» مِنْ مَرَضٍ أَوْ كِبَرٍ أَوْ لِعَطَشٍ« قَالَ فَاشْرَحْ لِي شَيْئاً شَيْئاً فَقَالَ» إِنْ كَانَ مِنْ مَرَضٍ فَإِذَا بَرَأَ فَلْيَقْضِهِ وَ إِنْ كَانَ مِنْ كِبَرٍ أَوْ لِعَطَشٍ فَبَدَلُ كُلِّ يَوْمٍ مُدٌّ«.
Al-Husayn ibn Said, from Fadalah ibn Ayyub, from Dawud ibn Farqad, from his father, who said:
Hafs al-Awar wrote to me: “Ask Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him, about three matters.” So Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him, said: “What are they?” He (narrator) said: “One who abandoned fasting three days in a month.” Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him, said: “Due to illness, or old age, or thirst?” He (narrator) replied: “Then explain to me each matter separately.” Imam عليه السلام said: “If it was due to illness, then when he recovers, let him make it up (the fasts). And if it was due to old age or thirst, then in place of each day is one mudd.”
- Tahdhīb al-Aḥkām fī Sharḥ al-Muqniʿah, vol. 4, p. 309
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Tahdhīb
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ اِبْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنِ اَلْعَلاَءِ بْنِ رَزِينٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ يَقُولُ:» اَلْحَامِلُ اَلْمُقْرِبُ وَاَلْمُرْضِعُ اَلْقَلِيلَةُ اَللَّبَنِ لاَ حَرَجَ عَلَيْهِمَا أَنْ تُفْطِرَا فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ لِأَنَّهُمَا لاَ تُطِيقَانِ اَلصَّوْمَ وَ عَلَيْهِمَا أَنْ تَتَصَدَّقَ كُلُّ وَاحِدَةٍ مِنْهُمَا فِي كُلِّ يَوْمٍ تُفْطِرُ فِيهِ بِمُدٍّ مِنْ طَعَامٍ وَ عَلَيْهِمَا قَضَاءُ كُلِّ يَوْمٍ أَفْطَرَتَا فِيهِ تَقْضِيَانِهِ بَعْدُ«.
Muhammad ibn Yaqub, from Muhammad ibn Yahya, from Ahmad ibn Muhammad, from Ibn Mahbub, from al-Ala ibn Razin, from Muhammad ibn Muslim, who said:
I (narrator) heard Abu Ja’far عليه السلام, peace be upon him, saying: “The pregnant woman near delivery (al-hamil al-muqrib) and the breastfeeding woman with little milk, there is no difficulty upon them if they break the fast in the month of Ramadan, because they are not able to bear the fast. And it is upon them that each one of them gives in charity, for each day in which she breaks the fast, a mudd of food. And upon them is the making up of every day in which they broke the fast; they make it up afterwards.”
- Tahdhīb al-Aḥkām fī Sharḥ al-Muqniʿah, vol. 4, p. 309
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Tahdhīb
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ إِدْرِيسَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ اَلْحُسَيْنِ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ سَعِيدٍ عَنْ مُصَدِّقِ بْنِ صَدَقَةَ عَنْ عَمَّارِ بْنِ مُوسَى اَلسَّابَاطِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: فِي اَلرَّجُلِ يُصِيبُهُ اَلْعَطَشُ حَتَّى يَخَافَ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ قَالَ» يَشْرَبُ بِقَدْرِ مَا يُمْسِكُ رَمَقَهُ وَ لاَ يَشْرَبُ حَتَّى يَرْوَى«.
Muhammad ibn Yaqub, from Ahmad ibn Idris, from Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Yahya, from Ahmad ibn al-Husayn, from Amr ibn Said, from Musaddiq ibn Sadaqah, from Ammar ibn Musa al-Sabati, from Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him:
(Imam عليه السلام was asked) regarding ‘a man who is afflicted by thirst until he fears for himself.’ Imam عليه السلام said: “He drinks the amount by which he preserves his life (ramaq), and he does not drink until he is quenched.”
- Tahdhīb al-Aḥkām fī Sharḥ al-Muqniʿah, vol. 4, p. 310
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Tahdhīb
وَعَنْهُ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ مَرَّارٍ عَنْ يُونُسَ عَنْ مُفَضَّلِ بْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ إِنَّ لَنَا فِتْيَاناً وَبَنَاتٍ لاَ يَقْدِرُونَ عَلَى اَلصِّيَامِ مِنْ شِدَّةِ مَا يُصِيبُهُمْ مِنَ اَلْعَطَشِ قَالَ» فَلْيَشْرَبُوا مِقْدَارَ مَا تَرْوَى بِهِ نُفُوسُهُمْ وَ مَا يَحْذَرُونَ«.
And from him, from Ali ibn Ibrahim, from his father, from Ismail ibn Marrar, from Yunus, from Mufaddal ibn Umar, who said:
I (narrator) said to Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him: “We have young men and girls who are not able to fast because of the severity of what afflicts them of thirst.” Imam عليه السلام said: “Then let them drink the amount by which their souls are relieved and what they fear is averted.”
- Tahdhīb al-Aḥkām fī Sharḥ al-Muqniʿah, vol. 4, p. 310
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Tahdhīb
قال الشيخ رحمه الله:) ولا يجامع احد ممن ذكرناه إلا ان تدعوه إلى ذلك حاجة شديدة(. يدل على ذلك ما رواه:
The Shaykh (Al-Mufid), may Allah سبحانه وتعالى have mercy upon him, said: “None of those whom we have mentioned should have intercourse unless a severe need calls him to that.” What indicates that is what he narrated (in the following hadith):
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ يَحْيَى عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ اَلْحُسَيْنِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي اَلْعَلاَءِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ:» إِذَا سَافَرَ اَلرَّجُلُ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ فَلاَ يَقْرَبِ اَلنِّسَاءَ بِالنَّهَارِ فِي رَمَضَانَ فَإِنَّ ذَلِكَ مُحَرَّمٌ عَلَيْهِ«.
Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Yahya, from Muhammad ibn al-Husayn, from Muhammad ibn Abi al-Ala, from Muhammad ibn Muslim, from Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him:
Imam عليه السلام said: “When a man travels in the month of Ramadan, he must not approach women during the day in (month of) Ramadan, for that (intimacy) is forbidden for him.”
- Tahdhīb al-Aḥkām fī Sharḥ al-Muqniʿah, vol. 4, p. 310
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Tahdhīb
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ اِبْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنِ اِبْنِ سِنَانٍ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنِ اَلرَّجُلِ يُسَافِرُ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ وَ مَعَهُ جَارِيَةٌ لَهُ فَلَهُ أَنْ يُصِيبَ مِنْهَا بِالنَّهَارِ فَقَالَ» سُبْحَانَ اَللَّهِ أَ مَا يَعْرِفُ هَذَا حُرْمَةَ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ إِنَّ لَهُ فِي اَللَّيْلِ سَبْحاً طَوِيلاً« قُلْتُ أَ لَيْسَ لَهُ أَنْ يَأْكُلَ وَ يَشْرَبَ وَ يُقَصِّرَ فَقَالَ» إِنَّ اَللَّهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ رَخَّصَ لِلْمُسَافِرِ فِي اَلْإِفْطَارِ وَ اَلتَّقْصِيرِ رَحْمَةً وَ تَخْفِيفاً لِمَوْضِعِ اَلتَّعَبِ وَ اَلنَّصَبِ وَوَعْثِ اَلسَّفَرِ وَ لَمْ يُرَخِّصْ لَهُ فِي مُجَامَعَةِ اَلنِّسَاءِ فِي اَلسَّفَرِ بِالنَّهَارِ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ وَ أَوْجَبَ عَلَيْهِ قَضَاءَ اَلصِّيَامِ وَ لَمْ يُوجِبْ عَلَيْهِ تَمَامَ اَلصَّلاَةِ إِذَا آبَ مِنْ سَفَرِهِ« ثُمَّ قَالَ» وَ اَلسُّنَّةُ لاَ تُقَاسُ وَ إِنِّي إِذَا سَافَرْتُ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ مَا آكُلُ إِلاَّ اَلْقُوتَ وَ مَا أَشْرَبُ كُلَّ اَلرِّيِّ«.
Muhammad ibn Yaqub, from Muhammad ibn Yahya, from Ahmad ibn Muhammad, from Ibn Mahbub, from Ibn Sinan, who said:
I (narrator) asked Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him, about ‘a man who travels in the month of Ramadan and has with him a slave-girl belonging to him, whether he may have intercourse with her during the day.’ Imam عليه السلام said: “Glory be to Allah سبحانه وتعالى! Does this one not know the sanctity of the month of Ramadan? Indeed, he has a long expanse in the night.” I (narrator) asked: “Does he not have the right to eat, drink, and shorten the prayer?” Imam عليه السلام said: “Indeed Allah سبحانه وتعالى, Mighty and Majestic, has granted the traveler a concession in breaking the fast and shortening the prayer, as a mercy and an easing because of the place of fatigue, hardship, and the roughness of travel, but Allah سبحانه وتعالى has not granted him a concession in having intercourse with women during travel by day in the month of Ramadan. And Allah سبحانه وتعالى has made obligatory upon him the making up of the fast, but Allah سبحانه وتعالى has not made obligatory upon him the completing of the prayer when he returns from his travel.” Then Imam عليه السلام said: “And the Sunnah is not measured by analogy, and when I travel in the month of Ramadan, I do not eat except (minimal) sustenance, and I do not drink (excessively) to full quenching.”
- Tahdhīb al-Aḥkām fī Sharḥ al-Muqniʿah, vol. 4, p. 311
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Tahdhīb
وَ عَنْهُ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ اَلْأَحْمَرِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ بْنِ حَمَّادٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ اَلرَّجُلِ يَأْتِي جَارِيَتَهُ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ بِالنَّهَارِ فِي اَلسَّفَرِ فَقَالَ» أَ مَا يَعْرِفُ هَذَا حَقَّ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ إِنَّ لَهُ فِي اَللَّيْلِ سَبْحاً طَوِيلاً«.
And from him, from Ali ibn Muhammad, from Ibrahim ibn Ishaq al-Ahmar, from Abdullah ibn Hammad, from Abdullah ibn Sinan, who said:
I (narrator) asked Imam عليه السلام about ‘a man who comes to his slave-girl (for intimacy) during the day in the month of Ramadan while travelling.’ Imam عليه السلام said: “Does this one not know the right of the month of Ramadan? Indeed, he has a long expanse in the night.”
- Tahdhīb al-Aḥkām fī Sharḥ al-Muqniʿah, vol. 4, p. 311
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Tahdhīb
فَأَمَّا مَا رَوَاهُ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سَهْلٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا اَلْحَسَنِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ أَتَى أَهْلَهُ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ وَ هُوَ مُسَافِرٌ فَقَالَ» لاَ بَأْسَ«.
As for what Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Isa narrated, from Muhammad ibn Sahl, from his father, who said:
I (narrator) asked Abu al-Hasan عليه السلام, peace be upon him, about ‘a man who came to his wife (for intimacy) in the month of Ramadan while he was travelling.’ Imam عليه السلام said: “There is no harm.”
- Tahdhīb al-Aḥkām fī Sharḥ al-Muqniʿah, vol. 4, p. 311
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Tahdhīb, p. 368
وَ عَنْهُ عَنِ اِبْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ يَزِيدَ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنِ اَلرَّجُلِ يُسَافِرُ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ أَ لَهُ أَنْ يُصِيبَ مِنَ اَلنِّسَاءِ قَالَ» نَعَمْ«.
And from him, from Ibn Abi Umayr, from Hammad ibn Uthman, from Umar ibn Yazid, who said:
I (narrator) asked Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him, about ‘a man who travels in the month of Ramadan, does he have the right to have intercourse with women?’ Imam عليه السلام said: “Yes.”
- Tahdhīb al-Aḥkām fī Sharḥ al-Muqniʿah, vol. 4, p. 312
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Tahdhīb, p. 369
سَعْدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ اَلْحَكَمِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اَلْمَلِكِ بْنِ عُتْبَةَ اَلْهَاشِمِيِّ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا اَلْحَسَنِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنِ اَلرَّجُلِ يُجَامِعُ أَهْلَهُ فِي اَلسَّفَرِ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ فَقَالَ» لاَ بَأْسَ بِهِ«.
Sa’ad ibn Abdullah, from Ahmad ibn Muhammad, from Ali ibn al-Hakam, from Abd al-Malik ibn Utbah al-Hashimi, who said:
I (narrator) asked Abu al-Hasan عليه السلام, peace be upon him, about ‘a man having intercourse with his wife while travelling in the month of Ramadan.’ Imam عليه السلام said: “There is no harm in it.”
- Tahdhīb al-Aḥkām fī Sharḥ al-Muqniʿah, vol. 4, p. 312
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Tahdhīb, p. 369
فهذه الاخبار وما يجري مجراها في اباحة الوطئ للمسافر في شهر رمضان محمولة على من غلبته الشهوة ولم يتمكن من الصبر عليها ويخاف على نفسه الدخول في محظور فحيئذ ابيح له وطئ المحللات، فاما من يقدر على الصبر عن ذلك فليس له ان يطأ حسب ما قدمناه، مع انه ليس في شي من هذه الا خبار ان للمسافر ان يطأ ليلا أو نهارا، وانما وردت متعرية من اقتران ذكر الزمان بهما، ويمكن ان يكون المراد بها بالليل دون النهار، غير انه ورد في بعض الاحاديث ما يتضمن ذكر النهار فالوجه فيه ما ذكرناه روى ذلك:
These reports and what is similar to them regarding the permissibility of intercourse for the traveller in the month of Ramadan are to be understood as referring to one whose desire overcomes him, and who is not able to be patient with it, and who fears for himself entering into something prohibited. At that time, intercourse with those who are lawful was permitted for him. As for one who is able to be patient concerning that, he has no right to have intercourse, according to what we have already presented. In addition to this, there is nothing in any of these reports stating that the traveller may have intercourse by night or by day. Rather, they have come stripped of any connection to the mention of time in them, and it is possible that what is intended by them is by night, not by day. However, there has come in some of the hadiths that which includes mention of the day, so the interpretation of it is what we have mentioned. He narrated that (in the following hadith):
سَعْدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى بْنِ عُبَيْدٍ عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ حَرِيزٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنِ اَلرَّجُلِ يَقْدَمُ مِنْ سَفَرٍ بَعْدَ اَلْعَصْرِ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ فَيُصِيبُ اِمْرَأَتَهُ حِينَ طَهُرَتْ مِنَ اَلْحَيْضِ أَيُوَاقِعُهَا قَالَ» لاَ بَأْسَ«.
Sa’ad ibn Abdullah, from Muhammad ibn Isa ibn Ubayd, from Uthman ibn Isa, from Hariz, from Muhammad ibn Muslim, who said:
I (narrator) asked Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him, about ‘a man who arrives from a journey after the afternoon prayer in the month of Ramadan, and then comes to his wife (for intimacy) when she has become pure from menstruation. May he have intercourse with her?’ Imam عليه السلام said: “There is no harm.”
- Tahdhīb al-Aḥkām fī Sharḥ al-Muqniʿah, vol. 4, p. 312
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Tahdhīb
Commentary #1