Chapter on the Additions

Muhammad ibn Yaqub narrated from Ali ibn Ibrahim from his father from Ibn Abi Umayr from Hammad ibn Uthman and Hisham ibn Salim from Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him. Imam al-Sadiq عليه السلام said: “The Messenger of Allah سبحانه وتعالى, may Allah سبحانه وتعالى bless him and his family, used to say five takbirs over some people (for Salat Al Mayyit) and four takbirs over others. And when Prophet صلى الله عليه وعلى آله وسلم said four takbirs over a man (for Salat Al Mayyit), he (the deceased) would be accused (meaning) of hypocrisy.”

And from him, from Muhammad ibn Yahya from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from al-Husayn ibn Sa’id from al-Qasim ibn Muhammad from Ali ibn Abi Hamzah from Abu Basir from Abu Ja’far عليه السلام, peace be upon him. Imam al-Baqir عليه السلام said: “The Messenger of Allah سبحانه وتعالى, may Allah سبحانه وتعالى bless him and his family, said seventy takbirs over Hamzah عليه السلام, and Imam Ali عليه السلام, peace be upon him, said twenty-five takbirs over Sahl ibn Hunayf.” Imam عليه السلام said: “Imam Ali عليه السلام said five takbirs at a time; whenever people caught up with him, they said, ‘O Commander of the Faithful عليه السلام, we did not catch the prayer over Sahl,’ so Imam Ali عليه السلام would place him down (his bier down) and say five takbirs over him, until He عليه السلام reached his grave, (Imam عليه السلام did this separately) five times.”

Muhammad ibn Yaqub narrated from Ali ibn Ibrahim from his father from Ibn Abi Umayr from Hammad ibn Uthman from al-Halabi from Zurarah from Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him: Imam al-Sadiq عليه السلام was asked about the prayer (Salat Al Mayyit) over a child, when is it to be performed over him? Imam عليه السلام said: “When he comprehends the prayer.” I asked: “When does the prayer become obligatory over him?” Imam عليه السلام said: “When he is six years old, and fasting is when he is able to bear it.”

And from him, from Ali ibn Ibrahim from his father from Ibn Abi Umayr from Zurarah. Zurarah said: “I saw a son of Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him, during the lifetime of Abu Ja’far عليه السلام, peace be upon him, who was called ‘Abdullah’. He was weaned (fatim, or recently weaned), who passed away. I (Zurarah) said to him (Abdullah): “O boy, who is this next to you?” referring to a servant of theirs. Abdullah said: “This is my master.” The servant lightheartedly replied to Abdullah: “I am not your master.” So Abdullah replied: “That is worse for you.” Then he (the servant) jabbed at the boy’s body (in jest), and the boy (Abdullah) died. He (Abdullah) was then carried out in a box (safat) to al-Baqi’ (cemetery). Abu Ja’far عليه السلام, peace be upon him, came out wearing a yellow khazz cloak, a yellow khazz turban, and a yellow khazz mantle. Imam عليه السلام walked toward al-Baqi‘, leaning on me, while the people were offering him condolences for his grandson (Abdullah). When He عليه السلام reached al-Baqi‘, Abu Ja’far عليه السلام, peace be upon him, stepped forward and prayed over him (Abdullah), saying four takbirs. Then Imam عليه السلام ordered that he (Abdulla) be buried. After that, Imam عليه السلام took me (Zurarah) by the hand and moved aside with me, and said: “Indeed, it was not customary to pray (Salat Al Mayyit) over children. Rather, the Commander of the Faithful عليه السلام, peace be upon him, used to order that they (children) be buried behind (the rows), and Imam Ali عليه السلام would not pray over them. But I prayed over him (Abdullah) for the sake of the people of Medina, out of dislike that they might say: ‘They do not pray (Salat Al Mayyit) over their children.’”

Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Isa narrated from Musa ibn al-Qasim al-Bajali from Ali ibn Ja’far from his brother Musa ibn Ja’far, peace be upon them both. He said: I asked Imam al-Kadhim عليه السلام about a child, Should the prayer (Salat Al Mayyit) be performed over him if he dies and he is five years old? Imam عليه السلام said: “If he comprehends the prayer, then the prayer is performed over him.”

As for what was narrated by Ibn Abi Umayr from Abdillah ibn Sinan from Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him, who said: Imam al-Sadiq عليه السلام said: “The prayer (Salat Al Mayyit) is not performed over the stillborn (al-manfus) and this is a newborn who did not cry out, and did not show signs of life, and thus will not inherit from blood money (al-diyyah) or anything else. But if it (newborn) cries (shows signs of life), then pray (Salat Al Mayyit) over it (if they die afterwards) and include them in inheritance.”

Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Yahya narrated from Ahmad ibn al-Hasan from Amr ibn Sa’id from Musaddiq ibn Sadaqah from Ammar from Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him: Imam al-Sadiq عليه السلام was asked about the newborn, over whom the ‘Pen’ (of accountability) has not yet passed, is the funeral prayer performed over him? Imam عليه السلام said: “No. The prayer is only for the man and the woman when the ‘Pen’ (of accountability) has passed over them.”

Al-Husayn ibn Sa’id narrated from Safwan ibn Yahya from ‘Is ibn al-Qasim. He said: I asked Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him, about a man who catches one takbir from the prayer over the deceased (Salat Al Mayyit). Imam عليه السلام said: “He completes what remains (of the Salat Al Mayyit).”

Sa’ad narrated from Muhammad ibn al-Husayn from al-Nadr ibn Shu’ayb from Khalid ibn Maad al-Qalanisi from a man from Abu Ja’far عليه السلام, peace be upon him. He said: I heard Imam al-Baqir عليه السلام say regarding a man, who catches one or two takbirs, with the imam (of prayer) in the funeral prayer. Imam عليه السلام said: “He should complete the takbirs while walking with it (the bier). If he does not catch the takbirs, he should say the takbirs at the grave. And if he reaches them (funeral) after it has already been buried, he should say the takbirs over the grave.”

Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Isa narrated from his father from Abdillah ibn al-Mughira from Abdillah ibn Muskan from al-Halabi from Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him. Imam al-Sadiq عليه السلام said: “If a man catches one or two takbirs from the prayer over the deceased (Salat Al Mayyit), then let him make up what remains consecutively.”

From him, from al-Hasan ibn Ali ibn Faddal from Abu Jamila from Zayd al-Shahham. He (Zayd) said: “I asked Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him, about the funeral prayer if a man misses one, two, or three takbirs from it.” Imam عليه السلام said: “He should say the takbirs that he missed.”

As for what was narrated by Sa’ad ibn Abdillah from al-Hasan ibn Musa al-Khashshab from Ghiyath ibn Kallub from Ishaq ibn Ammar from Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him, from his father عليه السلام, peace be upon him: Imam al-Baqir عليه السلام said: “Imam Ali عليه السلام, peace be upon him, used to say: ‘What has passed of the takbirs in the funeral prayer is not to be made up.’”

Sa’ad from Ya'qub ibn Yazid from Ibn Abi 'Umayr from Hisham ibn Salim from Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him, who said: Imam al-Sadiq عليه السلام said: “There is no harm if a man performs the prayer over the deceased (Salat Al Mayyit), after he has been buried.”

And from him, from Abu Ja’far, from his father, from Abdillah ibn al-Mughirah, from Abdillah ibn Muskan, from Malik, the client (mawla) of al-Jahm, from Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him, who said: Imam al-Sadiq عليه السلام said: “If the prayer over the deceased (Salat al-Mayyit) passes you by (meaning you miss it) until he is buried, then there is no harm in praying (Salat Al Mayyit) over him after he has been buried.”

And from him, from Abu Ja’far, from al-Husayn ibn Ali ibn Yusuf, from Mu'adh ibn Thabit al-Jawhari, from Amr ibn Jumay' from Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him, who said: Imam al-Sadiq عليه السلام said: “Whenever the Messenger of Allah سبحانه وتعالى, may Allah سبحانه وتعالى bless him and his family, missed the prayer over the deceased (Salat al-Mayyit), He صلى الله عليه وعلى آله وسلم would perform the prayer over the grave.”

As for what was narrated by Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Yahya from Ya'qub ibn Yazid from Ziyad ibn Marwan from Yunus ibn Zabyan from Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him, from his father عليه السلام, peace be upon him, who said: Imam al-Baqir عليه السلام said: “The Messenger of Allah سبحانه وتعالى, may Allah سبحانه وتعالى bless him and his family, forbade that prayer be performed over a grave, or that one sit upon it, or that anything be built upon it.”

And from him, from Ahmad ibn al-Hasan, from Amr ibn Sa'id, from Musaddiq ibn Sadaqah, from Ammar ibn Musa, from Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him: Imam al-Sadiq عليه السلام was asked about someone over whom the prayer (Salat Al Mayyit) was performed, and when the imam (of prayer) finished the prayer (Salat Al Mayyit), it was found that the deceased was turned, with his feet at the place of his head. Imam عليه السلام said: “He is to be straightened, and the prayer (Salat Al Mayyit) is to be repeated over him. And if he has already been carried (to the grave), then so long as he has not been buried, it (Salat Al Mayyit) is to be repeated. But if he has already been buried, then the prayer (Salat Al Mayyit) upon him has already been completed, and he is not to be prayed over (again) while he is buried.”

And from him, from al-Sayyari, from Muhammad ibn Aslam, from a man from the people of al-Jazirah, who said: I asked Imam al-Ridha عليه السلام, peace be upon him: “Is it permissible to pray (Salat Al Mayyit) over the one who has been buried, after he has been buried?” Imam عليه السلام said: “No. If it had been permissible for anyone, it would have been permissible for the Messenger of Allah سبحانه وتعالى, may Allah سبحانه وتعالى bless him and his family.” Imam عليه السلام said: “Rather, one does not pray (Salat Al Mayyit) over the (already) buried, nor over the naked.” (meaning a deceased body that has exposed private parts)

Ali ibn al-Husayn from Sa’ad from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Isa from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Abi Nasr from al-Husayn ibn Musa from Ja’far ibn Isa who said: Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him, arrived in Mecca and asked me about Abdillah ibn A'yan, so I said: “He has died.” Imam عليه السلام said: “He has died?” I replied: “Yes.” Imam عليه السلام said: “Then let us go to his grave so that we may pray over him.” I said: “Yes.” Imam عليه السلام said: “No, but rather we will pray over him here.” Then Imam عليه السلام raised his hands, supplicating, and exerted himself in supplication and asked for mercy upon him (Abdillah ibn A'yan).

Al-Saffar from Ibrahim ibn Hashim from Nuh ibn Shu'ayb from Hariz from Muhammad ibn Muslim or Zurarah: It was said: “The prayer over the deceased (Salat al-Mayyit) after he has been buried is merely supplication (du'a).” He (narrator) said: “I asked, ‘Did the Prophet صلى الله عليه وعلى آله وسلم, may Allah سبحانه وتعالى bless him and his family, not pray over al-Najashi?” Imam عليه السلام said: “No, He صلى الله عليه وعلى آله وسلم only supplicated for him.”

Muhammad ibn Ya'qub from Abu Ali al-Ash'ari from Muhammad ibn Abd al-Jabbar from Safwan ibn Yahya from al-Ala ibn Razin from Muhammad ibn Muslim from Abu Ja’far عليه السلام, peace be upon him, who said: Imam al-Baqir عليه السلام said: “The funeral prayer (Salat Al Mayyit) may be performed at any hour, for it is not a prayer of bowing (ruku') and prostration (sujud). Rather, what is disliked is prayer at sunrise and at sunset, the prayer which contain humility (khushu), bowing (rukuh), and prostration (sujud) because sun sets between the horns of a devil and it rises between the horns of a devil.” (metaphorical warning not to imitate non-Islamic or pagan rituals as they used to do)

Muhammad ibn Ya'qub from Muhammad ibn Yahya from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Isa from Ibn Faddal from Yunus ibn Ya'qub, who said: I asked Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him, about the funeral, can I pray over it without ablution (wudu)? Imam عليه السلام said: “Yes. It is merely glorification (takbir), praise (tasbih), thanksgiving (tahmid), and declaration of God's oneness (tahlil), just as you glorify and praise in your house without ablution.”

And from him, from Muhammad ibn Isma'il, from al-Fadl ibn Shadhan and Abu Ali al-Ash'ari, from Muhammad ibn Abd al-Jabbar all from Safwan ibn Yahya from Abd al-Hamid ibn Sa’ad, who said: I said to Abu al-Hasan عليه السلام, peace be upon him: “A funeral is being brought out and I am not in a state of ablution (wudu). If I go to perform ablution, I will miss the prayer (Salat Al Mayyit). Is it sufficient for me to pray over it, while I am not in a state of ablution?” Imam عليه السلام said: “That you be in a state of purity is more beloved to me.”

Muhammad ibn Ya'qub from Muhammad ibn Yahya from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Isa from al-Husayn ibn Sa'id from his brother al-Hasan from Zur'ah from Sama'ah, who said: I asked Imam عليه السلام about a man over whom a funeral (procession) passes while he is not in a state of purity. Imam عليه السلام said: “He should strike his hands on a clay wall and perform ‘tayammum’ (dry ablution).”

Muhammad ibn Ya'qub from Humayd ibn Ziyad from al-Hasan ibn Muhammad al-Kindi from al-Mi’thami from Aban ibn Uthman from Abd al-Rahman ibn Abi Abdillah from Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him, said: I said to Imam al-Sadiq عليه السلام: “Does a menstruating woman (al-ha'id) pray over the funeral (Salat Al Mayyit)?” Imam عليه السلام said: “Yes, but she does not stand with them (within rows with others); she stands separately.”

Ali from his father from Hammad ibn Isa from Hariz from Muhammad ibn Muslim, who said: I asked Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him, about the menstruating woman (al-ha'id), does she pray over the funeral (Salat Al Mayyit)? Imam عليه السلام said: “Yes, but she does not stand with them; she stands separately.”

Sa’ad from Abu Ja’far from Abd al-Rahman ibn Abi Najran and al-Husayn ibn Sa'id from Hammad from Hariz from someone who informed him from Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him, who said: Imam al-Sadiq عليه السلام said: “The menstruating woman (al-tamith) may pray over the funeral (Salat Al Mayyit), because it does not contain bowing (rukuh) or prostration (sujud). And the one in a state of major ritual impurity (al-junub) may perform tayammum and pray over the funeral.”

And from him, from Abu Ja’far, from Uthman, from Sama'ah, from Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him. Imam al-Sadiq عليه السلام was asked regarding the menstruating woman (al-tamith), and when she is present at the funeral. Imam عليه السلام said: “She performs tayammum and prays over it (Salat Al Mayyit), and she stands alone, separate from the row.”

And from him, from Abu Ja’far, from his father and al-Abbas ibn Ma'ruf from Abdillah ibn al-Mughirah from a man, from Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him, who said: I asked Imam al-Sadiq عليه السلام about the menstruating woman (al-ha'id), does she pray over the funeral (Salat Al Mayyit)? Imam عليه السلام said: “Yes, but she does not stand with them. And the one in a state of major ritual impurity (al-junub) may also perform the funeral prayer.”

Muhammad ibn Ya'qub from Ali ibn Ibrahim from his father from Ibn Abi 'Umayr from one of his companions from Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him, who said: Imam al-Sadiq عليه السلام said: “The one who has the greatest right over the deceased performs the funeral prayer (Salat Al Mayyit), or he appoints whomever he wishes.”

And from him, from Muhammad ibn Yahya from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Isa from al-Husayn ibn Sa'id from al-Qasim ibn Muhammad from Ali ibn Abi Hamzah from Abu Basir from Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him, who said: I said to Imam al-Sadiq عليه السلام: “If a woman dies, who is the most entitled among the people to perform the prayer (Salat Al Mayyit) over her?” Imam عليه السلام said: “Her husband.” I asked: “Is the husband more entitled than the father, the child, and the brother?” Imam عليه السلام said: “Yes, and he washes her.”

As for what was narrated by Muhassin ibn Ahmad from Aban ibn Uthman from Abd al-Rahman ibn Abi Abdillah, who said: I asked Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him, regarding the funeral prayer (Salat Al Mayyit) over a woman, is the husband more entitled to it or the brother? Imam عليه السلام said: “The brother.”

Ahmad ibn Abi Abdillah from his father from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr from Hafs ibn al-Bukhtari from Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him: Imam عليه السلام was asked regarding a woman who dies and her brother and husband are present, which of them should pray (Salat Al Mayyit) over her? Imam عليه السلام said: “Her brother is more entitled to perform the prayer (Salat Al Mayyit) over her.”

Muhammad ibn Mas'ud al-'Ayyashi from Muhammad ibn Nusayr, who said: Muhammad ibn al-Husayn narrated to us from Ja’far ibn Bashir from Hisham ibn Salim from Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him, said: I asked Imam al-Sadiq عليه السلام about the woman, can she lead other women in prayer? Imam عليه السلام said: “She may lead them in the nafilah (supererogatory prayer), but as for the maktoobah (obligatory prayer), then no. And she should not stand in front of them, but rather she stands in the middle of them.” (meaning other women will join her shoulder-to-shoulder either side of her)

And from him, from al-Abbas ibn al-Mughirah, who said: al-Fadl ibn Shadhan narrated to me from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr from Hammad from Hariz from Zurarah from Abu Ja’far عليه السلام, peace be upon him, who said: I asked Imam al-Baqir عليه السلام: “Can a woman lead other women in prayer?” Imam عليه السلام said: “No, except over the deceased (Salat Al Mayyit), if there is no one more entitled than her. She stands in the middle of them in the row, and she says the takbir, and they say the takbir.”

Ali ibn Ibrahim from his father from Muhammad ibn Yahya from Talhah ibn Zayd from Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, said: Imam al-Sadiq عليه السلام said: “If the Imam is present at the funeral, then he is the most entitled of the people to perform the prayer over it.”

Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Yahya from Ibrahim ibn Hashim from al-Nawfali from al-Sakuni from Imam Ja’far عليه السلام from his father Imam al-Baqir عليه السلام, from his forefathers, peace be upon them, who said: Imam al-Sadiq عليه السلام said: “The Commander of the Faithful عليه السلام, peace be upon him, said: ‘If a ruler among the rulers of Allah سبحانه وتعالى (meaning Imam عليه السلام), is present at a funeral, then he is the most entitled to perform the prayer (Salat Al Mayyit) over it, if the guardian of the deceased permits him. Otherwise, he (one who assumed without permission) is a usurper (Gasib).”

Muhammad ibn Ya‘qub from Sahl ibn Ziyad from Isma’il ibn Mehran from Sayf ibn ‘Umayrah from Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him, who said: Imam al-Sadiq عليه السلام said: “One should not perform the funeral prayer in shoes (bi-hidha’), but there is no harm in (performing Salat Al Mayyit) in leather socks (khuff).”