Chapter on What is Permissible and Impermissible to Pray in - of Clothing and Place

Sa‘d from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from al-Hasan ibn Mahbub from Rifa‘ah, who said: I asked Abu al-Hasan عليه السلام, peace be upon him, about a person who is dyed with henna, if he is able to perform sujud and recite properly, can he pray while wearing his henna? Imam عليه السلام said: "Yes, if his cloth is pure and he is in a state of ablution."

From him, from Ahmad from Muhammad ibn Sahl ibn al-Yasa‘ al-Ash‘ari from his father from Abu al-Hasan عليه السلام, peace be upon him, who said: I asked Imam عليه السلام: "May a man pray while wearing his dye (khidab) if he is in a state of purity?" Imam عليه السلام said: "Yes."

Sa‘d from Ahmad ibn al-Hasan from ‘Amr ibn Sa‘id from Musaddiq ibn Sadaqah from ‘Ammar ibn Musa al-Sabati, who said: I asked Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him, about a woman who prays while her hands are tied with henna. Imam عليه السلام said: "If she had performed ablution for the prayer before that, then there is no harm in her praying while she is dyed with henna and her hands are tied."

From him, from Abu Ja‘far from Musa ibn al-Qasim from Ali ibn Ja‘far from his brother (Imam) Musa ibn Ja‘far عليه السلام, peace be upon them both, who said: I asked Imam عليه السلام about a man and a woman who apply henna or wasmah (a type of dye), can they pray while having it on? Imam عليه السلام said: "If they leave the mouth and the nostrils uncovered, then there is no harm."

Al-Husayn ibn Sa‘id from Faddalah from al-‘Ala’ from Muhammad ibn Muslim from Abu Ja‘far عليه السلام, peace be upon him, who said: I asked Imam عليه السلام about a man who prays without taking his hands out from his garment. Imam عليه السلام said: "If he takes his hands out, it is good; but if he does not, there is no harm."

As for what was narrated by Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Mahbub from Ahmad ibn al-Hasan ibn Ali from ‘Amr ibn Sa‘id from Musaddiq ibn Sadaqah from ‘Ammar ibn Musa al-Sabati from Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him, who said: I asked Imam عليه السلام about a man who prays while inserting his hands into his garment. Imam عليه السلام said: "If he is wearing another garment, such as an izar (a waist wrap) or trousers, then there is no harm. But if he is not, then it is not permissible for him to do so. And if he inserts one hand and not the other, there is no harm."

From him, from Muhammad ibn al-Husayn from Muhammad ibn Yahya from Ghiyath ibn Ibrahim from (Imam) Ja‘far عليه السلام from his father عليه السلام, peace be upon them both: (Imam عليه السلام) said: "A man should not pray with his buttons undone if he is not wearing an izar (waist wrap)."

Sa'd from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from al-Hasan ibn Mahbub from Ali ibn Ri’ab from Ziyad ibn Suwayqah: Abu Ja‘far عليه السلام, peace be upon him, said: “The Messenger of Allah سبحانه وتعالى, peace be upon him and his family, said: "There is no harm if one of you prays in a single garment with its buttons undone. Indeed, the religion of Muhammad صلى الله عليه وعلى آله وسلم, peace be upon him and his family, is upright and easy (hanif)."

Sa'd from Musa ibn al-Hasan from Ahmad ibn Hilal from Ibn Abi 'Umayr from Hammad from al-Halabi: Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him, said: "Everything in which prayer is not valid if worn alone, there is no harm in praying while wearing it along with other garments, such as a silk belt, a cap (qalansuwah), leather socks (khuff), and a belt (zunnar) that may be in trousers, and he may pray while wearing it."

Sa'd from Muhammad ibn al-Husayn from Ayyub ibn Nuh from Safwan ibn Yahya and Muhammad ibn Yahya al-Sayrafi from Hammad ibn Uthman from someone who narrated it from Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him: (Imam عليه السلام was asked) regarding a man who prays in leather socks (khuff) that have been soiled. Imam عليه السلام said: "If it is something in which the prayer is not completed (meaning it is not considered a complete garment by itself), then there is no harm."

From him, from al-Hasan ibn Ali from Abdullah ibn al-Mughirah from al-Hasan ibn Musa al-Khashshab from Ali ibn Asbat from Ibn Abi Layla from Zurarah, who said: I said to Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him: “My cap (qalansuwah) fell into urine, so I picked it up and placed it on my head, and then I prayed.” Imam عليه السلام said: "There is no harm."

From him, from Muhammad ibn al-Husayn from Ali ibn Asbat from Ibrahim ibn Abi al-Bilad from someone who narrated to them: Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him, said: "There is no harm in praying in something that, if worn alone, prayer is not valid in it, even if it is soiled, such as a cap (qalansuwah), a belt (tikkah), or socks (jawrab)."

Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Mahbub from Muhammad ibn al-Husayn from Ali ibn Asbat from Ali ibn ‘Uqbah from Zurarah from one of the two (Imam عليه السلام Abu Ja‘far or Abu Abdullah, peace be upon them): (Imam عليه السلام) said: "Everything in which prayer is not valid if worn alone, there is no harm if such a thing is worn during prayer, such as a cap (qalansuwah), a belt (tikkah), or socks (jawrab)."

Al-Husayn ibn Muhammad from Mu‘alla ibn Muhammad from Muhammad ibn Abdullah al-Wasiti from Qasim al-Sayqal, who said: I wrote to (Imam) al-Ridha عليه السلام, peace be upon him, saying: “I work in making scabbards for swords from the skins of dead donkeys, and these skins touch my clothes, can I pray in them?” Imam عليه السلام wrote back to me: "Designate a specific garment for your prayer." Then I wrote to Abu Ja‘far عليه السلام, peace be upon him, saying: “I had written to your father عليه السلام, peace be upon him, about such-and-such, and it was difficult for me, so I began to make them from the skins of wild donkeys that had been slaughtered according to proper Islamic method (dhakiyyah).” Imam عليه السلام wrote back to me: "All righteous deeds are accompanied by patience, may Allah سبحانه وتعالى have mercy on you. If what you work with is from wild animals properly slaughtered (dhakiyyah), then there is no harm."

Muhammad ibn Ahmad by Ahmad ibn al-Hasan by ‘Amr ibn Sa‘id by Musaddiq ibn Sadaqah by ‘Ammar: I asked Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him, about a man who vomits on his garment, can he pray in it without washing it? Imam عليه السلام said: "There is no harm."

Sahl ibn Ziyad from Khayran the servant, who said: I wrote to Him عليه السلام asking about a garment that is soiled by wine or the flesh of swine, should one pray in it or not? For indeed our companions have differed about it; some of them said: "Pray in it, for Allah سبحانه وتعالى has only forbidden drinking it," and some said: "Do not pray in it." So Imam عليه السلام, peace be upon him, wrote back: "Do not pray in it, for it is impurity (rijs)."

Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Muhammad ibn Sinan from Ibn Muskan, who said: I sent a question to Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him, through Ibrahim ibn Maymun. I said to (ibn Maymun): “Ask Imam عليه السلام about a man who urinates and small drop of his urine touches his thigh, and he prays, then after remembers that he did not wash it.” Imam عليه السلام, peace be upon him, said: "He must wash it and repeat his prayer."

Ali ibn Mahziyar from Faddalah from Aban from Abdul-Rahman ibn Abi Abdullah, who said: I asked Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him, about a man who prays while there is excrement (‘adhirah) of a human, or a cat, or a dog on his garment, does he have to repeat his prayer? Imam عليه السلام said: "If he did not know about it, then he does not have to repeat."

Ali ibn Ibrahim from Abdullah ibn al-Mughirah from Abdullah ibn Sinan, who said: I asked Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him, about a man whose garment was soiled by janabah (semen) or blood. Imam عليه السلام said: "If he knew that janabah or blood had touched his garment before he prayed, and then he prayed in it without washing it, he must repeat whatever prayers he performed. But if he suspected that something had touched him and he inspected it and did not see anything, it suffices for him to sprinkle it with water."

Ali from Muhammad ibn Isa from Yunus ibn Abd al-Rahman from Ibn Muskan from Abu Basir: Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him, (was asked) regarding a man who prayed two rak‘ahs in a garment that had janabah on it, and then he became aware of it. Imam عليه السلام said: "He must begin the prayer anew." He (Abu Basir) said: “I also asked Imam عليه السلام about a man who prays while there is janabah or blood on his garment, and he only realizes it after he finishes his prayer.” Imam عليه السلام said: "His prayer is valid and nothing is required of him."

Ali ibn Mahziyar from Safwan from al-‘Ayyas ibn al-Qasim, who said: I asked Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him, about a man who prayed for several days wearing another man’s garment, and then the owner of the garment informed him that it was not suitable for prayer. Imam عليه السلام said: "He does not have to repeat any of his prayers."

As for what was narrated by Sa'd from Muhammad ibn al-Husayn from Ibn Abi Umayr from Wahb ibn Abd Rabbih: Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him, (was asked) regarding janabah that affects a garment and its owner is unaware of it, and then he prays in it and learns of it afterward. Imam عليه السلام said: "He does not have to repeat the prayer if he was not aware of it."

As for what was narrated by Sa‘d from Ahmad from al-Hasan ibn Mahbub from al-‘Ala’, who said: I asked Abu Abdillah عليه السلام about a man whose garment is soiled by something that renders it impure, and he forgets to wash it, then he prays in it, and afterward remembers that he had not washed it, does he have to repeat the prayer? Imam عليه السلام said: "He does not repeat it. His prayer has passed and has been recorded for him."

Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Ali ibn al-Hakam from al-‘Ala’ from Muhammad ibn Muslim from one of the two (Imam Abu Ja‘far عليه السلام or Imam Abu Abdullah عليه السلام, peace be upon them, who said: I asked Imam عليه السلام about a man who sees blood on the garment of his brother while he is praying. Imam عليه السلام said: "He should not disturb him until he finishes."

Ali ibn Mahziyar from Faddalah from Abdullah ibn Sinan, who said: My father asked Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him, about someone who lends his garment to a person whom he knows eats catfish (jirri) and drinks wine, and then the garment is returned, should he pray in it before washing it? Imam عليه السلام said: "He should not pray in it until he washes it."

Sa‘d narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from al-Hasan ibn Mahbub from Abdullah ibn Sinan, who said: My father asked Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, and I was present, saying: “I lend my garment to a dhimmi (non-Muslim under protection), and I know that he drinks wine and eats pork. When he returns it to me, I wash it before praying in it.” Abu Abdillah عليه السلام said: "Pray in it and do not wash it because of that. You lent it to him while it was pure, and you have no certainty that he made it impure. So there is no harm in praying in it until you are certain that he has made it impure."

Al-Husayn ibn Sa‘id from Faddalah from Jamil ibn Darraj from al-Mu‘alla ibn Khunays, who said: I heard Abu Abdillah عليه السلام say: "There is no harm in praying in garments made by the Magians, the Christians, and the Jews."

Ahmad ibn Muhammad from al-Husayn from Ibrahim ibn Abi al-Bilad from Mu‘awiyah ibn ‘Ammar, who said: I asked Abu Abdillah عليه السلام about Sabiriyyah garments (a type of fabric) made by the Magians, while they are impure and they drink wine, and their women are also in that state, can I wear such clothes without washing them and pray in them? Imam عليه السلام said: "Yes." Mu‘awiyah (ibn Ammar) asked: “So I made a shirt for Imam عليه السلام, sewed it, fashioned buttons for it, and a cloak from the Sabiriyyah cloth, then sent it to Imam عليه السلام on a Friday during the day. It was as if Imam عليه السلام knew what I intended, so He عليه السلام came out for Friday prayer wearing it.

Al-Husayn ibn Sa‘id from Aban ibn Uthman from Hammad ibn Uthman from ‘Ubaydullah ibn Ali al-Halabi, who said: I asked Abu Abdillah عليه السلام about praying in the garment of a Magian. Imam عليه السلام said: "It should be sprinkled with water."

Sa'd ibn 'Abdillah from Musa ibn al-Hasan and Ahmad ibn Hilal from Musa ibn al-Qasim from 'Ali ibn Ja'far from his brother (Imam) Musa ibn Ja'far عليه السلام, peace be upon them, who said: I asked Imam عليه السلام about the musk pod (fa'rat al-misk) that a man may have with him while praying, in his pocket or in his clothes. Imam عليه السلام said: "There is no harm in that."

Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Mahbub, from Abdullah ibn Ja'far, said: I wrote to Imam عليه السلام, meaning Abu Muhammad, peace be upon him, asking: “Is it permissible for a man to pray while he has with him a musk pod?” So Imam عليه السلام wrote: "There is no problem with it if it has been purified (slaughtered according to Islamic law)."

Ahmad ibn Muhammad, from Al-Hasan ibn Ali ibn Faddal, from Yunus ibn Ya‘qub, said: I asked Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him, about a man who prays while wearing a burtulah (a type of garment or woolen cloak). Imam عليه السلام said: "It does not harm him."

Sa'd, from Al-Hasan ibn Ali ibn Mahziyar, from Ali ibn Mahziyar, said: I wrote to Abu Muhammad, peace be upon him, asking Him عليه السلام about praying in crimson-dyed cloth, and that our companions refrain from praying in it. So Imam عليه السلام wrote: "There is no problem with it at all. ‘And all praise is due to Allah سبحانه وتعالى, the Lord عز وجل of the worlds.’"

Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Mahbub, from Muhammad ibn Al-Husayn, from Abdullah, from Al-‘Ala’, from Muhammad ibn Muslim: Abu Ja‘far, peace be upon him, said: "There is no problem if there are figures on the cloth, as long as the image has been altered."

Al-Husayn ibn Sa‘id, from Muhammad ibn Sinan, from Abdullah ibn Muskan, from Layth al-Muradi, said: I said to Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him: “The cushions that are in the house which have figures on them, whether on the right or the left” So Imam عليه السلام said: "There is no problem as long as they are not facing the Qiblah. But if any of them is in front of you, in the direction of the Qiblah, then cover it and pray. And if you have with you black coins that have figures on them, then do not place them in front of you; rather, place them behind you."

From him, from Fadalah, from Al-‘Ala’, from Muhammad ibn Muslim: Abu Ja‘far, peace be upon him, said: "There is no problem in praying over all kinds of figures if you place them beneath you."

Ahmad ibn Muhammad, from Musa ibn ‘Umar, from Muhammad ibn Abi Umayr, from some of his companions, from Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him, said: I asked Imam عليه السلام about figures that are on a rug, which have two eyes, while you are praying. Imam عليه السلام said: "If it has one eye, there is no problem; but if it has two eyes, then no."

Al-Husayn ibn Sa‘id, from Safwan, from Al-‘Ala’, from Muhammad ibn Muslim, said: I asked Abu Ja‘far, peace be upon him, about a man who prays while in his garment there are coins that have figures on them. Imam عليه السلام said: "There is no problem with that."

Ali ibn Mahziyar, from Fadalah, from Hammad ibn ‘Uthman, said: I asked Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him, about black coins (oxidised silver dirhams during that time) that have figures on them, may a man pray while they are with him? Imam عليه السلام said: "There is no problem with that if they are concealed."

Al-Husayn ibn Sa‘id said: I read the letter of Muhammad ibn Ibrahim to Abu Al-Hasan Al-Ridha, peace be upon him, in which he asked Imam عليه السلام about praying in a garment whose lining is made of silk. So Imam عليه السلام wrote to him: "I have read it. There is no problem in praying in it."

Ahmad ibn Muhammad Al-Barqi, from his father, from Al-Nadr ibn Suwayd, from Al-Qasim ibn Sulayman, from Jarrah Al-Mada’ini, from Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him: "He used to dislike wearing a shirt trimmed with brocade, and he disliked wearing silk and wearing embroidered garments, and he disliked the red saddle-cloth (‘mitharah’), for it is the saddle-cloth of Iblis."

Muhammad ibn Isma‘il, from Al-Fadl ibn Shadhan, from Safwan ibn Yahya, from Al-‘Ayyas ibn Al-Qasim, said: I asked Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him, about a man who prays in a woman's garment, or in her izar (lower wrap), and wraps himself with her khimar (head covering). Imam عليه السلام said: "Yes, if she is trustworthy (in her cleanliness)."

Ali ibn Ibrahim, from his father, from Hammad, from Hariz, from Zurarah, said: I said to Abu Ja‘far, peace be upon him: “A man came out of a ship naked, or his clothes were taken from him, and he did not find anything to pray in.” Imam عليه السلام said: "He should pray by signaling (with gestures), and if it is a woman, she should place her hand over her private part, and if it is a man, he should place his hand over his private part. Then they both should sit and perform prayer by gesturing, without bowing and without prostrating, so that what is behind them does not become exposed. Their prayer should be by gesturing with their heads." Imam عليه السلام said: "And if they are in water or in a deep sea, they should not prostrate upon it, and the requirement of facing the Qiblah is lifted from them in that situation. They should gesture therein, raising their heads counts as turning (toward Qiblah), and lowering them counts as turning (toward Qiblah)."

Al-Husayn ibn Sa‘id, from Al-Nadr ibn Suwayd, from Abdullah ibn Sinan, from Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, said: I asked Imam عليه السلام of a group of people who prayed congregation while they were naked. Imam عليه السلام said: "The imam should go ahead of them on his knees and lead them in prayer sitting, while he is also sitting."

Sa‘d, from Muhammad ibn Al-Husayn, from Abdullah ibn Jabalah, from Ishaq ibn ‘Ammar, said: I said to Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him: “A group of people were ambushed on the road, and their clothes were taken from them, so they remained naked, and the time of prayer arrived, what should they do?” Imam عليه السلام said: "Their imam (of prayer) should go ahead of them and sit, and they should sit behind him. He should gesture with signs for bowing and prostration, and they should perform bowing and prostration behind him by placing their faces on the ground."

Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Mahbub, from Al-‘Amraki Al-Bufaki, from Ali ibn Ja‘far, from his brother (Imam) Musa عليه السلام, peace be upon him, said: I asked Imam عليه السلام about a man whose belongings were either taken from him or drowned, so he remained naked, and the time of prayer arrived, how should he pray? Imam عليه السلام said: "If he finds grass with which he can cover his private parts, then he should complete his prayer with bowing and prostration; but if he does not find anything to cover his private parts, then he should gesture while standing."

From him, from Ya‘qub ibn Yazid, from Ibn Abi Umayr, from Ibn Muskan, from some of his companions: Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him, (was asked) regarding a man who goes out naked and the time of prayer comes upon him. Imam عليه السلام said: "He should pray naked while standing if no one sees him; but if someone sees him, then he should pray sitting."

From him, from Ayyub ibn Nuh, from some of his companions: Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him, said: "The naked person who does not have a garment, if he finds a pit, he should enter it and perform prostration and bowing within it."

Ahmad ibn Muhammad, from Ali ibn Hadid, from Jamil, said: Murazim asked Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him, while I was present with Imam عليه السلام, about a man who is present (not traveling) and prays wearing only an izar (lower garment), wrapping it around his waist. Imam عليه السلام said: "He can place cloth or turban over his neck and drape it over himself."

Ahmad ibn Muhammad, from Al-Hasan ibn Mahbub, from Abdullah ibn Sinan, said: Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him, was asked about a man who has nothing with him except trousers. Imam عليه السلام said: "He should untie its waistband and place it over his shoulder and pray." And Imam عليه السلام said: "And if he has a sword with him and no garment, then he should hang the sword around his neck and pray standing."

Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Mahbub, by Al-‘Amraki, by Ali ibn Ja‘far, by his brother (Imam) Musa ibn Ja‘far عليه السلام: I asked Imam عليه السلام about a man, does it suffice for him to lead the prayer wearing trousers and a cap? Imam عليه السلام said: "It does not suffice." And I asked Imam عليه السلام about trousers, if they be used in place of izar (lower garment)? Imam عليه السلام said: "Yes."

Ali ibn Mahziyar, from Al-Nadr ibn Suwayd, from Hisham ibn Salim, from Sulayman ibn Khalid, said: I asked Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him, about a man who leads a group in prayer wearing a shirt without a cloak over it. Imam عليه السلام said: "It is not appropriate unless he has a cloak or a turban with which he drapes himself."

Ahmad ibn Muhammad, from Musa ibn Al-Qasim, from Ali ibn Ja‘far, from his brother (Imam) Musa عليه السلام, peace be upon him, said: I asked Imam عليه السلام about a wet mouse that fell into water and then walked over clothes, may one pray in them? Imam عليه السلام said: "Wash whatever trace of it you see, and what you do not see, sprinkle it with water."

Muhammad ibn Ali, from Muhammad ibn Ahmad Al-‘Alawi, from Al-‘Amraki, from Ali ibn Ja‘far, from his brother (Imam) Musa ibn Ja‘far عليه السلام, peace be upon them both, said: I asked Imam عليه السلام about worms (maggots, parasitic worms, or decomposition worms) that fall from the toilet onto the garment, may one pray in it? Imam عليه السلام said: "There is no problem unless you see a trace (of impurity), then you must wash it."

Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Mahbub, from Al-‘Abbas ibn Ma‘ruf, from Ali ibn Mahziyar, from Fadalah ibn Ayyub, from Musa ibn Bakr, from Zurarah, said: I heard (Imam) Abu Ja‘far, peace be upon him, forbid the wearing of silk for both men and women, except for silk mixed with ‘khazz’ (a kind of fabric), the weft or the warp of which is ‘khazz’ or linen or cotton. Pure silk alone is disliked for both men and women.

From him, from Al-‘Abbas, from Ali, from Muhammad ibn Isma‘il, from Muhammad ibn Husayn ibn Kathir, from his father, who said: I saw on Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him, a woolen cloak between two coarse garments, so I asked Imam عليه السلام about that. Imam عليه السلام said: "I saw my father wearing it. Indeed, when we intend to pray, we wear the roughest of our clothes."

From him, from Ali ibn Al-Rayyan, who said: I wrote to Abu Al-Hasan عليه السلام, asking: “Is it permissible to pray in a garment that has in it human hair or fingernails, without shaking them off or removing them from it?” So Imam عليه السلام wrote in response, peace be upon him: "It is permissible."

Muhammad, from Muhammad ibn Al-Husayn, from Safwan, from Jamil, from Al-Hasan ibn Shihab, said: I asked Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him, about fox skins, if they have been purified (lawfully slaughtered), may one pray in them? Imam عليه السلام said: "Yes."

Muhammad, from Ali ibn Al-Sindi, from Safwan, from Abdur-Rahman ibn Al-Hajjaj, said: I asked Him عليه السلام about footwear made from foxes or garments from them, may one pray in them or not? Imam عليه السلام said: "If it has been purified (lawfully slaughtered), then there is no problem with it."

From him, from Ahmad ibn Muhammad, from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Abi Nasr, who said: I asked Imam عليه السلام about a man who goes to the market and buys a fur cloak but does not know whether it is from a lawfully slaughtered animal or not, may he pray in it? Imam عليه السلام said: "Yes. You are not required to ask. Abu Ja‘far, peace be upon him, used to say: 'Indeed, the Khawarij imposed restrictions upon themselves out of their ignorance. Surely, the religion is broader than that.'"

Ahmad ibn Muhammad, from his father, from Abdullah ibn Al-Mughirah, from Abdullah ibn Muskan, from Al-Halabi: Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him, said: "There is no problem in praying in what is made from the wool of a carcass, for wool does not have a soul in it." Abdullah (ibn Muskan) said: “And Ali ibn Abi Hamzah narrated to me that a man asked Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him, while I was with Imam عليه السلام, about a man who wears a sword around his neck and prays with it.” Imam عليه السلام said: "Yes." So the man said: “There is ‘kaymukht’ in it.” Imam عليه السلام said: "And what is ‘kaymukht’?" The man said: “Skins of animals, some of it is from a lawfully slaughtered animal, and some of it is from a carcass.” So Imam عليه السلام said: "What you know to be from a carcass, do not pray in it."

Sa‘d, from Al-Husayn ibn Ali, from Ahmad ibn Hilal, from Muhammad ibn Abi Umayr, from Hammad ibn ‘Uthman, from Al-Halabi, from Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him, said: I said to Imam عليه السلام: “A cloth that is used for wiping, may a man place it on his shoulder or wrap it around his waist and pray in it?” Imam عليه السلام said: "There is no problem."

Sa‘d, from Ayyub ibn Nuh, from Abdullah ibn Al-Mughirah, from Ishaq ibn ‘Ammar, from the Righteous Servant (Abd al Salih عليه السلام), peace be upon him: Imam عليه السلام said: "There is no problem in praying in Yemeni silk and in what is made in the lands of Islam." I said to Imam عليه السلام: “What if there are non-Muslims in it?” Imam عليه السلام said: "If Muslims are predominant in it, then there is no problem."

Ahmad ibn Muhammad, from Muhammad ibn Ziyad, from Al-Rayyan ibn Al-Salt, said: I asked Abu Al-Hasan Al-Ridha, peace be upon him, about wearing furs of samur (sable), sinjab (squirrel), ‘hawasil’ (small animals with gathered pelts), and what resembles them, and about belts, cloaks (al-kaymukht), clothing padded with silk, and footwear made from various types of leather. Imam عليه السلام said: "There is no problem with all of this, except for (what is made from) foxes (al-tha’alib)."

Al-Husayn ibn Sa‘id, from Fadalah, from Husayn ibn ‘Uthman, from Ibn Muskan, from Al-Halabi, said: I asked Imam عليه السلام about wearing ‘khazz’ (a type of fine fabric). Imam عليه السلام said: "There is no problem with it. Indeed, (Imam) Ali ibn Al-Husayn عليه السلام, peace be upon them both, used to wear a ‘khazz’ cloak in the winter, and when summer came, He عليه السلام would sell it and give its price in charity. And He (Imam Ali ibn Husayn عليه السلام) used to say: 'I feel ashamed before my Lord عز وجل to eat from the price of a garment in which I worshipped Allah سبحانه وتعالى.'"

From him, from Safwan, from Abdullah ibn Bukayr, from Ibrahim Al-Ahmari, who said: I asked Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him, about a man who prays while his buttons are undone. Imam عليه السلام said: "That is not appropriate."

From him, from Safwan, from Abdullah ibn Bukayr, who said: I asked Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him, about the ‘shadhakunah’ (a type of thick woolen or felt garment) that is affected by a wet dream, may one pray upon it? Imam عليه السلام said: "No."

Ahmad ibn Muhammad, from Ali ibn Al-Hakam, from Aban ibn ‘Uthman, from Zurarah, from Abu Ja‘far, peace be upon him, said: I asked Imam عليه السلام about the ‘shadhakunah’ (a type of felt or coarse cloth) upon which there is janabah (major ritual impurity) on it, is it permissible to pray on it in the litter (mahmil) (a type of carriage or travel seat)? Imam عليه السلام said: "There is no problem."

From him, from Al-‘Abbas ibn Ma‘ruf, from Safwan, from Salih Al-Nili, from Muhammad ibn Abi Umayr, who said: I said to Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him: “May I pray upon the ‘shadhakunah’ (a thick or coarse cloth) while it has been affected by janabah (major ritual impurity)?” Imam عليه السلام said: "There is no problem."

Sa‘d, from Ahmad ibn Al-Hasan, from ‘Amr ibn Sa‘id, from Musaddiq ibn Sadaqah, from ‘Ammar ibn Musa Al-Sabati, said: I asked Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him, about a ‘bariyyah’ (a mat) whose reeds were moistened with impure water, does it suffice to pray on it? Imam عليه السلام said: "If it has dried, then there is no problem in praying on it."

Ahmad ibn Muhammad, from Sa‘d ibn Isma‘il, from his father, said: I asked Abu Al-Hasan Al-Ridha, peace be upon him, about a prayer mat or carpet that has figures on it, may one stand on it and pray or not? Imam عليه السلام said: "By Allah سبحانه وتعالى, I dislike that." And (Imam عليه السلام was asked) regarding a man who entered upon another man who had a carpet with a figure on it. Imam عليه السلام said: "Do you find an image here?" Then Imam عليه السلام said: "Do not sit on it and do not pray on it."

Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Yahya, from Muhammad ibn Al-Husayn, from Al-Hasan ibn Mahbub, from Al-‘Ala’, from Muhammad ibn Muslim, said: I said to Abu Ja‘far, peace be upon him: “I pray while the figures are in front of me and I am looking at them?” Imam عليه السلام said: "No. Cast a cloth over them. There is no problem if they are to your right, or to your left, or behind you, or beneath your feet, or above your head. But if they are in the direction of the Qiblah, then cover them with a cloth and pray."

Ahmad ibn Muhammad, from Ali ibn Al-Hakam, from Malik ibn ‘Atiyyah, who said: Ziyad ibn Al-Mundhir informed me, from Abu Ja‘far, peace be upon him, who said: A man asked Imam عليه السلام while I was present about a man who comes out of the bathhouse or performs ghusl, then drapes a cloth over himself and wears his shirt over the ‘izar’ (lower garment), and prays in that state. Imam عليه السلام said: "This is the practice of the people of Lot." I asked: “What if he drapes the cloth over the shirt?” Imam عليه السلام said: "This is from arrogance." I asked: “The shirt is thin, so he wraps himself with it.” Imam عليه السلام said: "Yes (that is acceptable)." Then Imam عليه السلام said: "Indeed, unbuttoning one's shirt in prayer, flicking pebbles, chewing frankincense in gatherings, and sitting on the roadsides, all of this is from the actions of the people of Lot."

From him, from Muhammad ibn Yahya, from Ghiyath ibn Ibrahim, from his father: (Imam) Ali عليه السلام, peace be upon him, said: "A woman should not pray uncovered."

From him, from Sa‘d ibn Isma‘il, from his father Isma‘il ibn ‘Isa, who said: I asked Abu Al-Hasan عليه السلام, about the fur skins which a man buys in the market from the markets of the mountain region, should he ask about their slaughtering (dhakah) if the seller is a Muslim but not one of the ‘Arif’ (not a ‘shia’)? He said "It is upon you to ask about it if you see that the sellers are polytheists. But if you see that (people) are praying in it, then do not ask about it."

From him, from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Abi Nasr, from Al-Ridha, peace be upon him, who said: I asked Imam عليه السلام about leather socks, if a man goes to the market and buys leather socks without knowing whether the leather is from a lawfully slaughtered animal or not, what do you say about praying in them while he does not know? Should he pray in them? Imam عليه السلام said: "Yes. I buy leather socks from the market, and they are made for me, and I pray in them. And it is not obligatory upon you to ask."

Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Yahya, by Ahmad, by his father, by Wahb ibn Wahb, from (Imam) Ja‘far عليه السلام: (Imam) Ali عليه السلام, peace be upon him, said: "The sword is like a cloak, you may pray with it as long as you do not see blood on it. And the bow is like a cloak."

From him, from Ahmad ibn Muhammad, from Al-Barqi, from Sa‘d ibn Sa‘d, from Al-Ridha, peace be upon him, who said: I asked Imam عليه السلام about the skins of ‘khazz’ (a type of fine cloth or fabric). Imam عليه السلام said: "Here we are, we wear it." I asked: “That is fur, may I be your ransom.” Imam عليه السلام said: "When its fur is permissible, its skin is also permissible."

From him, by Ahmad ibn Al-Hasan, by ‘Amr ibn Sa‘id, by Musaddiq ibn Sadaqah, by ‘Ammar ibn Musa: Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him, (was asked) regarding a man who prays while wearing an iron ring. Imam عليه السلام said: "No, and a man should not wear it, for it is from the dress of the people of the Fire." And Imam عليه السلام said: "A man should not wear gold nor pray in it, for it is from the dress of the people of Paradise." And (Imam عليه السلام was asked) about a garment that has a border of brocade. Imam عليه السلام said: "He should not pray in it." And (Imam عليه السلام was asked) about a garment whose border has the image of a bird or something else, may one pray in it? Imam عليه السلام said: "No." And (Imam عليه السلام was asked) about a filthy spot that is in the house or elsewhere and is not struck by sunlight but has dried. Imam عليه السلام said: "He should not pray on it, and mark its place until he washes it." And (Imam عليه السلام was asked) about the sun, does it purify the ground? Imam عليه السلام said: "If the place is filthy from urine or something else, and the sun strikes it, and then the place dries, then prayer on that spot is permissible. But if the sun strikes it and the filthy place has not dried and remains wet, then it is not permissible to pray on it until it dries. And if your foot is wet, or your forehead is wet, or any other part of you touches that filthy place, then do not pray on that spot until it dries, for it is not permissible." And (Imam عليه السلام was asked) about a man who performs wudhu and walks barefoot while his foot is wet. Imam عليه السلام said: "If your ground is paved, then it is sufficient for you to walk on it." And Imam عليه السلام said: "As for us, it is permissible for us, because our ground is paved", meaning, covered with gravel. And (Imam عليه السلام was asked) about a man who wears a ring that has the engraved image of a bird or something else. Imam عليه السلام said: "It is not permissible to pray with it."

Muhammad ibn Ahmad, from Mu‘awiyah ibn Hakim, from Ibn Faddal, from Hammad ibn ‘Uthman: Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him, said: "Prayer is disliked in a heavily dyed, deeply colored, blood-red garment."

Muhammad ibn Ahmad, from his father, from Abdullah ibn Al-Mughirah, from someone who narrated to him, from Yazid ibn Khalifah, from Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him: Imam عليه السلام disliked prayer in a garment saturated with safflower and dyed with saffron.

From him, from Al-‘Amraki, from Ali ibn Ja‘far, from his brother (Imam) Musa عليه السلام, peace be upon him, who said: I asked Him عليه السلام about a man, does it suffice for him to gather the two ends of his cloak over his left shoulder? Imam عليه السلام said: "It is not appropriate to gather them over the left shoulder; rather, gather them over your right shoulder, or leave them." He (narrator) said: “And I asked Imam عليه السلام about reed mats (al-bawari’) that have been soiled with urine, does prayer on them suffice if they have dried without being washed?” Imam عليه السلام said: "Yes, there is no problem." He (narrator) said: “And I asked Imam عليه السلام about praying on the reed mats of Christians and Jews, upon which they sit in their homes, does it suffice?” Imam عليه السلام said: "Do not pray on them." And I asked Imam عليه السلام about the sword, does it take the place of the cloak, such that one may lead the people in prayer wearing only the sword? Imam عليه السلام said: "It is not appropriate to lead people in prayer while wearing only the sword, except in battle."

Muhammad ibn Ahmad, from Al-Sayyari, from Abu Yazid Al-Qasmi, and Qasm is a tribe from Yemen residing in Basrah, from Abu Al-Hasan Al-Ridha, peace be upon him: He (narrator) asked Imam عليه السلام about the skins of ‘al-Darish’ (a type of animal) from which leather socks are made. Imam عليه السلام said: "Do not pray in them, for they are tanned using dog feces."

Ahmad ibn Muhammad, from Musa ibn Al-Qasim and Abu Qatadah together, from Ali ibn Ja‘far, from his brother (Imam) Musa ibn Ja‘far عليه السلام, peace be upon them both, said: I asked Imam عليه السلام about a man, may he pray on a platform (raf) suspended between two palm trees? Imam عليه السلام said: "If it is level, and he is able to perform the prayer on it, then there is no harm." He (narrator) said: “And I asked Imam عليه السلام about beds or rugs made of silk or its like from dibaj (brocade), and a prayer mat of silk or brocade, is it permissible for a man to sleep on it, recline on it, and pray on it?” Imam عليه السلام said: "He may lay it out and stand on it, but he should not prostrate on it." And I asked Imam عليه السلام about a man who prays in a mosque whose walls are all covered with embroidery (kiwa), the qiblah wall and both side walls, and his wife prays in front of him, so that he sees her but she does not see him. Imam عليه السلام said: "There is no problem." And I asked Imam عليه السلام about mats whose reeds were wetted with impure water, may one pray on them? Imam عليه السلام said: "If they have dried, then there is no problem." And I asked Imam عليه السلام about a man who prayed while having with him a saddle or other item made from donkey skin, and he was wearing sandals made from donkey skin, does his prayer suffice him or must he repeat it? Imam عليه السلام said: "It is not proper for him to pray while it is with him unless he fears that it might be lost, then there is no problem in praying while it is with him."

Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Mahbub, from Ahmad ibn Al-Hasan, from ‘Amr ibn Sa‘id, from Musaddiq ibn Sadaqah, from ‘Ammar Al-Sabati, said: I asked Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him, about praying in the bathhouse. Imam عليه السلام said: "If it is a clean place, then there is no problem."

From him, from Muhammad ibn Isa Al-‘Ubaydi, from Al-Husayn ibn Yaqtin, from his father Ali ibn Yaqtin, who said: I asked Abu Al-Hasan Al-Madi, peace be upon him, about praying between graves, does it suffice? Imam عليه السلام said: "There is no problem."

Al-Husayn, from Fadalah, from Hammad ibn ‘Uthman, from ‘Amir ibn Nu‘aym Al-Qummi, said: I said to Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him: “The places where people lodge, there are the urines of animals and manure, and Jews and Christians enter them, what should be done about praying in them?” Imam عليه السلام said: "Pray upon your garment."

Ali, from his father, from Ibn Abi Umayr, from Hammad, from Al-Halabi, from Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him, said: I asked Imam عليه السلام about a man who wades into water and the time of prayer comes upon him. Imam عليه السلام said: "If he is in battle, then gesturing suffices him; But if he is a merchant, then let him stop and not enter (the water) until he has prayed."

Ahmad ibn Muhammad, from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Abi Nasr, said: I said to Abu Al-Hasan عليه السلام: “We were in Al-Bayda’ at the end of the night, so I performed wudu and used a tooth-stick (siwak), and I was about to pray, then something entered my heart (caused doubt), is it permissible to pray in Al-Bayda’ while in the litter (on the camel)?” Imam عليه السلام said: "Do not pray in Al-Bayda’." I asked: “Where is the boundary of Al-Bayda’?” Imam عليه السلام said: "Abu Ja‘far, peace be upon him, when He عليه السلام reached Dhat Al-Jaysh, He عليه السلام would quicken his pace and would not pray until He عليه السلام reached the resting place of the Prophet صلى الله عليه وعلى آله وسلم, peace be upon him and his family." I said to Imam عليه السلام: “And where is Dhat Al-Jaysh?” Imam عليه السلام said: "Three miles before Al-Hafirah."

Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Yahya, from Ayyub ibn Nuh, from Abu Al-Hasan Al-Akhir, peace be upon him, said: I said to Imam عليه السلام: “The time of prayer comes while a man is at Al-Bayda”. Imam عليه السلام said: "Let him move away from the main paths to the right or the left, and then pray."

Ali ibn Mahziyar, from Fadalah, from Mu‘awiyah ibn ‘Ammar: Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him, said: "Prayer is disliked in three places along the road: Al-Bayda’, which is Dhat Al-Jaysh, and Dhat Al-Salasil, and Dajnan." And Imam عليه السلام said: "There is no problem in praying between the side roads (zawahir), meaning the side paths of the roads, but it is discouraged to pray on the main thoroughfares (al-jawad)"

Ahmad ibn Muhammad, from Ibn Faddal, from some of our companions: Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him, said: "Do not pray in the Valley of Al-Shuqrah."

Muhammad ibn Ahmad, from Ahmad ibn Al-Hasan, from ‘Amr ibn Sa‘id, from Musaddiq ibn Sadaqah, from ‘Ammar Al-Sabati, from Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him, who said: I asked Imam عليه السلام: “What is the extent of wet mud upon which prostration is not valid?” Imam عليه السلام said: "When the forehead sinks into it and does not remain firmly upon the ground."

Sahl ibn Ziyad, from Ibn Mahbub, from Ibn Ri’ab, from Jamil ibn Salih, from Al-Fudayl ibn Yasar, said: I said to Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him: “I stand in prayer and I see in front of me, in the direction of the Qiblah, excrement.” Imam عليه السلام said: "Move away from it as much as you can, and do not pray on the roads."

Al-Husayn ibn Sa‘id, from Fadalah, from Al-‘Ala’, from Muhammad ibn Muslim, from one of the two (Imams عليه السلام), peace be upon them: Imam عليه السلام said: "Do not perform the obligatory prayer inside the Ka‘bah."

From him, from Fadalah, from Al-Husayn ibn ‘Uthman, from Ibn Muskan, from Khalid ibn Abi Isma‘il, said: I said to Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him: “A man prays on top of Abu Qubays (mountain), facing the Qiblah” Imam عليه السلام said: "There is no problem."

Ali ibn Muhammad, from Ishaq ibn Muhammad, from Abd Al-Salam: (Imam) Al-Ridha, peace be upon him, (was asked) regarding one who is overtaken by the time of prayer while he is above the Ka‘bah. Imam عليه السلام said: "If he stands, he will have no Qiblah; rather, he should lie on his back and raise his eyes toward the sky and direct his heart toward the Qiblah that is in the heavens, the ‘Bayt al-Ma‘mur’, and recite. When he intends to bow, he should close his eyes, and when he wants to raise his head from bowing, he should open his eyes. And the prostration is to be done in the same manner."

Ahmad ibn Muhammad, from Hammad, from Hariz, from Zurarah and Hadid ibn Hakim Al-Azdi, who said: We said to Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him: “The rooftop upon which urine has fallen and people urinate on it, may one pray in that place?” Imam عليه السلام said: "If the sun and wind reach it and it is dry, then there is no problem with it, unless it is a place that is habitually used as a urinal."

Muhammad ibn Yahya, from Ahmad ibn Al-Hasan, from ‘Amr ibn Sa‘id, from Musaddiq ibn Sadaqah, from ‘Ammar Al-Sabati: Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him, said: "Do not pray in a house that contains wine or an intoxicant."

Al-Husayn ibn Muhammad, from Mu‘alla ibn Muhammad, from Al-Washsha’, from Aban, from ‘Amr ibn Khalid: Abu Ja‘far, peace be upon him, said: "Jibra’il, peace be upon him, said: ‘O Messenger of Allah سبحانه وتعالى, we do not enter a house in which there is an image of a human being (image-making of animate beings), nor a house in which there is urination (filth left exposed), nor a house in which there is a dog (ritually impure, najis al-ʿayn).’"

Abu Ali Al-Ash‘ari, from Muhammad ibn Abd Al-Jabbar, from Safwan, from Ibn Muskan, from Muhammad ibn Marwan: Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him, said: “The Messenger of Allah سبحانه وتعالى, may Allah سبحانه وتعالى bless him and his family, said: ‘Indeed, Jibra’il, peace be upon him, came to Me صلى الله عليه وعلى آله وسلم and said: ‘We, the company of angels, do not enter a house in which there is a dog (ritually impure, najis al-ʿayn), or a statue with a body (image-making of animate beings), or a vessel in which there is urination (filth left exposed).’"

Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Mahbub, from Muhammad ibn Abd Al-Jabbar, from Al-Hasan ibn Ali, from Abu Jamilah: Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him, said: "Do not pray in a house in which there is a Magian, and there is no problem in praying in a house in which there is a Jew or a Christian."

Ahmad ibn Muhammad, from Ali ibn Al-Hakam, from Uthman ibn Abd Al-Malik Al-Hadrami, from Abu Bakr Al-Hadrami, who said: Abu Ja‘far, peace be upon him, said to me: "O Abu Bakr (Al Hadrami), everything upon which the sun shines is pure."

Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Yahya, from Muhammad ibn Yahya Al-Mu‘adhi, from Al-Tayalisi, from Sayf ibn Umayrah, from Ishaq, from Sa‘d ibn Abdullah, who said: He (ibn Abdullah) said to (Imam) Ja‘far ibn Muhammad عليه السلام, peace be upon him: “I pray in Al-Masjid Al-Haram and I sit on my left leg because of the dampness (al-nada).” Imam عليه السلام said: "Sit on your buttocks (al-yatayn), even if you are in the mud."

Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Yahya, from Musa ibn ‘Amr, from Muhammad ibn Isma‘il: (Imam) Al-Ridha عليه السلام, peace be upon him, (was asked) regarding a man who is praying. Imam عليه السلام said: "There should be in front of him a small mound of soil, or he should draw a line in front of himself."

From him, from Bunan ibn Muhammad, from Muhassin ibn Ahmad, from Yunus ibn Ya‘qub, from Maslamah ibn ‘Ata’, who said: I said to Abu Abdillah عليه السلام: "What thing cuts (invalidates) the prayer?" Imam عليه السلام said: "A man’s fiddling with his beard."

From him, from Al-‘Amraki, from Ali ibn Ja‘far, from his brother (Imam) Musa ibn Ja‘far عليه السلام, peace be upon them both, who said: I asked Imam عليه السلام about a man who has a wart or a wound, may he remove the wart during his prayer or pluck some flesh from that wound and throw it away? Imam عليه السلام said: "If he does not fear that blood will flow, then there is no problem. But if he fears that blood will flow, then he should not do it." And I asked Imam عليه السلام about a man who, while in prayer, was struck by someone who caused a gash and blood flowed, so he left the prayer, washed it, and did not speak until he returned to the mosque, does he count what he already prayed or must he start over? Imam عليه السلام said: "He must start the prayer from the beginning and not count anything of what he already prayed."

From him, from Ibrahim ibn Hashim, from Al-Nawfali, from Al-Sakuni, from (Imam) Ja‘far عليه السلام, from his father عليه السلام, from his forefathers عليه السلام, peace be upon them, who said: The Messenger of Allah سبحانه وتعالى, may Allah سبحانه وتعالى bless him and his family, said: "If one of you prays in an open desert, let him place in front of him something like the rear of a saddle. If he does not find that, then a stone; if he does not find that, then an arrow; and if he does not find that, then let him draw a line in the ground in front of him."

Ahmad ibn Muhammad, from his father, from Abdullah ibn Sinan, from Ghiyath: Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him, narrated that the Prophet صلى الله عليه وعلى آله وسلم, may Allah سبحانه وتعالى bless him and his family, placed a cap (‘qalansuwah’) and prayed facing it.

Ali ibn Mahziyar, from Hammad ibn ‘Isa, from Hariz, from Al-Fudayl: Abu Ja‘far, peace be upon him, said: "A woman may pray behind her husband, both the obligatory and the recommended prayers, and she may follow him in the prayer."

Ahmad, from Al-Hajjal, from Al-‘Ala’, from Muhammad ibn Muslim: Abu Ja‘far, peace be upon him, (was asked) regarding a woman who prays near a man. Imam عليه السلام said: "If there is a barrier between them, then there is no problem."

Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Mahbub, from Muhammad ibn Al-Husayn, from Ibn Faddal, from someone who informed him, from Jamil: Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him, (was asked) regarding a man who is praying and a woman is beside him or next to him. Imam عليه السلام said: "If her prostration occurs at the time of his bowing, then there is no problem."

From him, from Ya‘qub ibn Yazid, from Ibn Abi Umayr, from ‘Umar ibn Udhaynah, from Zurarah, from Abu Ja‘far, peace be upon him, who said: I asked Imam عليه السلام about a woman praying near a man. Imam عليه السلام said: "A woman should not pray directly in line with a man, unless he is in front of her, even if only by the length of his chest."

Muhammad ibn Mas‘ud Al-‘Ayyashi, from Ja‘far ibn Muhammad, who said: Al-‘Amraki narrated to me from Ali ibn Ja‘far, from his brother (Imam) Musa عليه السلام, peace be upon him, who said: I asked Imam عليه السلام about an imam (of prayer) who was leading the Dhuhr prayer, and a woman stood beside him praying, thinking it was the ‘Asr prayer, does that invalidate the prayer of the group? And what is the ruling for the woman in her prayer with them, given that she had already prayed Dhuhr? Imam عليه السلام said: "It does not invalidate the prayer of the congregation, but the woman must repeat her prayer."