Chapter on Additions

And from him, from Ali ibn Ibrahim, from his father, from Ibn Mahbub, from Khalid ibn Jarir, from Abu al-Rabi al-Shami, from Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him: Imam عليه السلام was asked about ‘a man who said, ‘For Allah سبحانه وتعالى upon me is that I fast for a time (hinan),’ and that was in my uncertainty. So Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him, said: “My father عليه السلام, peace be upon him, was approached regarding the like of that, so He عليه السلام said: ‘Fast six months, for Allah سبحانه وتعالى, the Exalted, says: ‘(always) yielding its fruit in every season by the Will of its Lord عز وجل.’ (Surah Ibrahim 14:25) meaning six months.”

Sa’ad ibn Abdullah, from al-Hasan ibn Ali, from Abdullah ibn al-Mughirah, from Ubays ibn Hisham, from Aban ibn Uthman, from Abd al-Rahman ibn Abi Abdullah, from Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him, who said: I (narrator) said to Imam عليه السلام: “A man was taken captive by the Romans, and he did not fast the month of Ramadan, and he did not know which month it was.” Imam عليه السلام said: “He should fast a month, seeking to determine it, and count it thereby. If the month which he fasted was before (month of) Ramadan, it will not suffice him, and if it was after the month of Ramadan, it will suffice him.”

Muhammad ibn Yaqub, from a number of our companions, from Sahl ibn Ziyad, from al-Hasan ibn Mahbub, from Ali ibn Riab, from Samaah, who said: I (narrator) asked Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him, about ‘the woman with irregular bleeding (mustahadah).’ Imam عليه السلام said: “She fasts the month of Ramadan except for the days in which she used to menstruate, then she makes them up afterwards.”

Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Yahya, from Muhammad ibn Abd al-Jabbar, from Ali ibn Mahziyar, who said: I (narrator) wrote to Imam عليه السلام: “A woman became pure from her menstruation or from the blood of her postnatal bleeding (nifas) on the first day of the month of Ramadan, then she had irregular bleeding (istihadah), so she prayed and fasted the whole month of Ramadan without doing what the woman with irregular bleeding (al-mustahadah) does of performing the ritual bath (ghusl) for every two prayers. Is her fasting and her prayer valid or not?” So the Imam عليه السلام, peace be upon him, wrote: “She must make up her fasting, and she does not make up her prayer, because the Messenger of Allah سبحانه وتعالى, peace and blessings of Allah سبحانه وتعالى be upon him and his family, used to command the blessed Sayyidah Fatimah صلى الله عليه وعلى آله وسلم, peace be upon her, and the believing women among his wives, with that.”

Muhammad ibn al-Hasan ibn al-Walid, from Muhammad ibn al-Hasan al-Saffar, from Ahmad ibn Muhammad, from Ibn Abi Umayr, from Hammad, from al-Halabi, who said: Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him, was asked about ‘a man who became ritually impure (ajnaba) in the month of Ramadan, then forgot to perform the ritual bath (yaghtasil) until the month of Ramadan ended.’ Imam عليه السلام said: “Upon him is to make up the prayer and the fasting.”

Muhammad ibn Yaqub, from Ali ibn Ibrahim, from his father, from Ibn Abi Umayr, from Hammad, from al-Halabi, from Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him, who said: I (narrator) asked Imam عليه السلام about ‘a woman who entered the morning while fasting, then when the day had risen, or when it was evening, she menstruated. Should she break her fast?’ Imam عليه السلام said: “Yes, and even if it is the time of sunset, let her break her fast.” He (narrator) said: “And I asked Imam عليه السلام about ‘a woman who saw purity at the beginning of the day in the month of Ramadan, so she performs the ritual bath (taghtasil), and has not eaten. What should she do regarding that day?’” Imam عليه السلام said: “She should break her fast on that day, for her breaking of the fast is only due to the blood.”

Al-Husayn ibn Said, from al-Hasan ibn Ali ibn Faddal, from Abdullah ibn Bukayr, from Muhammad ibn Muslim, from Abu Ja’far عليه السلام, peace be upon him: Imam عليه السلام said: “There is no harm in the fasting man tasting the pot (of cooking).”

And from him, from Ibn Abi Umayr, from Hammad ibn Uthman, who said: Ibn Abi Yafur asked Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him, while I was listening, about ‘the fasting person pouring medicine into his ear.’ Imam عليه السلام said: “Yes, and he may taste the broth and feed the chick (al-farkh).”

And from him, from Muhammad ibn Abi Umayr, from Hammad, from al-Halabi: Imam عليه السلام was asked about ‘a fasting woman who cooks the pot and tastes the broth, looking into it.’ – meaning the odours enter her nose and throat. Imam عليه السلام said: “There is no harm.” And Imam عليه السلام was asked about ‘a woman who has a child while she is fasting, so she chews bread (food) for him to feed him.’ Imam عليه السلام said: “There is no harm in it, and likewise for the bird (to feed it), if it is hers.”

Al-Husayn ibn Said, from Ali ibn al-Numan, from Said al-Araj, who said: I (narrator) asked Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him, about ‘the fasting person tasting something and not swallowing it.’ Imam عليه السلام said: “No.”

Sa’ad ibn Abdullah, from Ibrahim ibn Hashim, from Ismail ibn Marrar and Abd al-Jabbar ibn al-Mubarak, from Yunus ibn Abd al-Rahman, from Abdullah ibn Sinan, from Abu Basir, from Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him, who said: I (narrator) asked Imam عليه السلام about ‘a man upon whom was the fasting of two consecutive months, but he was not able to fast, and he was not able to free a slave, and he was not able to give charity.’ Imam عليه السلام said: “Then let him fast eighteen days, three days for every ten needy persons.”

Muhammad ibn Yaqub, from a number of our companions, from Ahmad ibn Muhammad, from al-Husayn ibn Said, from al-Qasim ibn Muhammad, from Ali ibn Abi Hamzah, from Abu Ibrahim عليه السلام, peace be upon him, who said: I (narrator) asked Imam عليه السلام about ‘a man who made binding upon himself the fasting of one month in Kufa, one month in Madinah, and one month in Mecca, because of a trial with which he was afflicted. It was decreed that he fasted one month in Kufa, and entered Madinah, so he fasted there eighteen days, but the camel-driver (al-jammal) did not stay for him (to finish his fasting).’ Imam عليه السلام said: He fasts what remains upon him when he reaches his town.

Muhammad ibn Yaqub, from Ahmad ibn Muhammad, from Ali ibn Ahmad, from Musa ibn Umar, from Muhammad ibn Mansur, who said: I (narrator) asked Imam al-Ridha عليه السلام, peace be upon him, about ‘a man who made a vow concerning fasting, then became incapable.’ Imam عليه السلام said: “My father عليه السلام, peace be upon him, used to say: ‘Upon him, in place of every day, is one mudd (of food in charity).’”

And from him, from Abu Ali al-Ashari, from Muhammad ibn Abd al-Jabbar, from Safwan ibn Yahya, from Is ibn al-Qasim, who said: I (narrator) asked Imam عليه السلام about ‘one who did not fast the three days while fasting was becoming severe upon him. Is there a ransom (fida) in it?’ Imam عليه السلام said: “A mudd of food (in charity) for each day.”

And from him, from Muhammad ibn Yahya, from Muhammad ibn al-Husayn, from Muhammad ibn Ismail ibn Bazi, from Salih ibn Uqbah, from Uqbah, who said: I (narrator) said to Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him: “May I be made your ransom, I have become old and weak from fasting, so what should I do regarding these three days in every month?” Imam عليه السلام said: “O Uqbah, give a dirham in charity for each day.” He (narrator) said: “I asked, ‘One dirham?’” Imam عليه السلام said: “Perhaps they have become many with you, and you consider the dirham little.” He (narrator) said: “I said, ‘Yes, indeed the blessings of Allah سبحانه وتعالى upon me are abundant.’” Imam عليه السلام said: “O Uqbah, feeding a Muslim is better than fasting for a month.”

And from him, from Ali ibn Ibrahim, from his father, from Ibn Abi Umayr, from al-Hasan ibn Rashid, who said: I (narrator) said to Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him, or to Abu al-Hasan عليه السلام, peace be upon him: “A man deliberately chooses the month during the short days and fasts it for the year.” Imam عليه السلام said: “There is no harm.”

And from him, from several of our companions, from Sahl ibn Ziyad, from Ibn Mahbub, from Ibrahim ibn Mihzam, from al-Husayn ibn Abi Hamzah, from Abu Hamzah, who said: I (narrator) said to Abu Ja’far عليه السلام, peace be upon him: “The fast of three days in every month, may I delay them until winter and then fast them?” Imam عليه السلام said: “There is no harm.”

And from him, from Ahmad ibn Idris and Muhammad ibn Yahya, from Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Yahya, from Ahmad ibn al-Hasan, from Amr ibn Said, from Musaddiq ibn Sadaqah, from Ammar ibn Musa, from Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him, who said: I (narrator) asked Imam عليه السلام about ‘a man upon whom there are some of the three days of the month. Is it proper for him to delay them and fast them at the end of the month?’ Imam عليه السلام said: “There is no harm.” I (narrator) asked: “Should he fast them consecutively, or separate between them?” Imam عليه السلام said: “Whatever he likes; if he wishes, consecutively, and if he wishes, he separates between them.”

Al-Husayn ibn Sa'id, from his brother al-Hasan, from Zur'ah, from Sama'ah, who said: I (narrator) asked Imam عليه السلام about ‘the pre-dawn meal (suhur) for one who intends to fast.’ Imam عليه السلام said: “As for the month of Ramadan, the merit is in the pre-dawn meal, so let him do it, even with a drink of water. As for voluntary fasting, whoever likes to take the pre-dawn meal, let him do it, and whoever does not do it, there is no harm.”

Sa’ad ibn Abdullah, from Ahmad ibn Muhammad, from al-Husayn ibn Said, from al-Hasan ibn Ali ibn Faddal, who said: I (narrator) wrote to Abu al-Hasan al-Ridha عليه السلام, peace be upon him, asking Imam عليه السلام about ‘a group among us who pray but do not fast the month of Ramadan, and I need them to harvest for me. So when I call them to the harvest, they do not respond until I feed them, while they find someone who will feed them, so they go to him and leave me, and I feel constrained about feeding them in the month of Ramadan.’ So the Imam عليه السلام, peace be upon him, wrote to me in his handwriting: “I know it. Feed them.”

And Ibn Muskan narrated from Abu Basir, who said: I (narrator) asked him about ‘a man who performed tamattu, but did not find what he could offer as a sacrifice, so he fasted three days. Then, when he had completed his rites, it occurred to him to stay for a year.’ He said: “Let him consider the journey route of the people of his town; then, when he thinks they would have entered their town, he should fast the seven days.”

And in the narration of Muawiyah ibn Ammar, from Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him: Imam عليه السلام said: “That if he has a stay in Makkah and wants to fast the seven, he should leave fasting for the length of his journey to his family, or one month, then fast.”

Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Yahya, from Ya'qub ibn Yazid, from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Abi Nasr, from one whom he mentioned, from Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him, who said: I (narrator) said to Imam عليه السلام: “A man has upon him the make-up fast (qada) from the month of Ramadan, and he enters the morning and does not eat until the afternoon. Is it permissible for him to make it a make-up fast (qada) from the month of Ramadan?” Imam عليه السلام said: “Yes.”

And from him, from Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Alawi, from al-Amraki al-Khurasani, from Ali ibn Jafar, from his brother Imam Musa ibn Ja’far عليه السلام, peace be upon them both, who said: I (narrator) asked Imam عليه السلام about ‘the fast of three days during the Hajj and the seven (days to be fasted). Should he fast them consecutively or separate between them?’ Imam عليه السلام said: “He fasts the three days, not separating between them, and the seven days, not separating between them, and he does not combine the seven days and the three days all together.”

Ahmad ibn Muhammad, from Abu Damrah Anas ibn Iyad al-Laythi, from Sa’ad ibn Abd al-Malik ibn Umayr, who said: I (narrator) heard a man from Banu al-Harith ibn Kab say: “I heard Abu Hurayrah saying: It is not I who forbid fasting on Friday, but I heard the Messenger of Allah سبحانه وتعالى, peace and blessings of Allah سبحانه وتعالى be upon him and his family, say: ‘Do not fast on Friday unless you fast before it or after it.’

And from him, from Musa ibn Jafar, from al-Washsha, from Ibn Sinan, from Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him, who said: I (narrator) saw Imam عليه السلام fasting on Friday, so I said to him: “May I be made your ransom, indeed the people claim that it (Friday) is a day of Eid.” Imam عليه السلام said: “No, indeed it is a day of ease and rest.”

Muhammad ibn Ya'qub, from Ya'qub ibn Yazid, from Ibn Abi Umayr, from Hafs ibn al-Bakhtari, from Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him: Imam عليه السلام said: “The wives of the Prophet صلى الله عليه وعلى آله وسلم, may Allah سبحانه وتعالى bless him and his family, when they had fasting upon them, would delay that until the month of Shaban, out of dislike that they should prevent the Messenger of Allah سبحانه وتعالى, may Allah سبحانه وتعالى bless him and his family, from His صلى الله عليه وعلى آله وسلم need. So when it was Shaban, they would fast, and He صلى الله عليه وعلى آله وسلم would fast with them.” Imam عليه السلام said: “And the Messenger of Allah سبحانه وتعالى, may Allah سبحانه وتعالى bless him and his family, used to say: ‘Shaban is my month.’”

And from him, from Harun ibn al-Hasan ibn Jabalah, from Samaah, from Abu Basir, from Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him, who said: I (narrator) said to Imam عليه السلام: “May I be made your ransom, the month of Ramadan enters upon me, so I fast part of it, then the intention to visit the grave of Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him, comes to me. Should I visit him (Imam al-Husayn عليه السلام) and break my fast while going and returning, or should I remain until I break the fast, and visit him after I have broken the fast by a day or two?” Imam عليه السلام said: “Remain until you break the fast.” I (narrator) said to Imam عليه السلام: “May I be made your ransom, is that better?” Imam عليه السلام said: “Yes. Do you not read in the Book of Allah سبحانه وتعالى: ‘So whoever among you witnesses the month (of Ramadan), let him fast it’?” (Surah Al-Baqarah 2:185)

From him, from Ali ibn al-Sindi, from Hammad ibn Isa, from Shuayb ibn Yaqub, from Imam Jafar al-Sadiq عليه السلام, from his father عليه السلام: Imam عليه السلام said: “Imam Ali عليه السلام, peace be upon him, said: ‘I do not permit, regarding divorce and regarding the crescent moon, except two men (as witnesses).’”

Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Mahbub, from Ibrahim, from Ismail ibn Marar, from Yunus, from Habib, from Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him: Imam عليه السلام said: “Testimony for the sighting of the crescent is not permissible with fewer than fifty men, the number of the collective oath (qasamah). The testimony of two men is only permissible if they are from outside the city (misr), and there is an obstruction (illah) in the city, so they inform that they saw the moon and inform about a people who fasted due to the sighting.”

Ali ibn Jafar, from his brother Imam Musa ibn Ja’far عليه السلام, peace be upon them both, who said: I (narrator) asked Imam عليه السلام about ‘a man who sees the crescent moon in the month of Ramadan by himself, and no one else sees it. May he fast?’ Imam عليه السلام said: “If he does not doubt it, then let him fast; otherwise, let him fast with the people.”

Muhammad, from al-Haytham ibn Abi Masruq al-Nahdi, from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Abi Nasr, from Khallad ibn Umarah, who said: Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him, said: “I entered upon Abu al-Abbas on a day of doubt, while I knew that it was from the month of Ramadan, and he was eating lunch. So he (Abu al-Abbas) said: ‘O Abu Abdullah, is this not from your days?’ Imam عليه السلام said: “Why, O Commander of the Faithful? My fasting is only with your fasting, and my breaking of the fast is only with your breaking of the fast.” Imam عليه السلام said: “So he (Abu al-Abbas) said, ‘Come near.’” Imam عليه السلام said: “So I came near and ate, while I knew that it was from the month of Ramadan.”

And from him, from al-Abbas, from Abdullah ibn al-Mughirah, from Abu al-Jarud, who said: I (narrator) asked Abu Ja’far عليه السلام, peace be upon him: “We doubted one year, in one of those years, regarding al-Adha. Then when I entered upon Abu Ja’far عليه السلام, peace be upon him, while some of our companions were offering the sacrifice, Imam عليه السلام said: ‘Al-Fitr is the day when the people break the fast, and al-Adha is the day when the people offer the sacrifice, and fasting is the day when the people fast.’”

From him, from Muhammad ibn al-Husayn, from Uthman ibn Isa, from Samaah ibn Mihran, who said: I (narrator) asked Imam عليه السلام about ‘two men who stood and looked toward the dawn, and one of them said, ‘It is this,’ and the other said, ‘I do not see anything.’’ Imam عليه السلام said: “Then let the one to whom the dawn has not become clear eat, while eating has become forbidden for the one who claimed that he has seen the dawn. Indeed Allah سبحانه وتعالى, the Exalted, says: ‘Eat and drink until the white thread becomes clear to you from the black thread of the dawn, then complete the fast until the night.’” (Surah Al-Baqarah 2:187)

Ahmad ibn Muhammad, from al-Husayn ibn Said, from Fadalah, from Aban, from Zurarah, who said: I asked Abu Ja’far عليه السلام, about ‘the time of breaking the fast of the fasting person.’ Imam عليه السلام said: “When three stars appear.” And Imam عليه السلام said regarding ‘a man who thought that the sun had set, so he broke his fast, then he saw the sun after that.’ Imam عليه السلام said: “There is no making up (qada) upon him.”

From him, from Ahmad, from al-Barqi, from Jafar ibn al-Muthanna, from Ishaq ibn Ammar, who said: I (narrator) said to Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him: “May I eat during the night in the month of Ramadan until I doubt?” Imam عليه السلام said: “Eat until you do not doubt.”

From him, from Ibrahim ibn Mahziyar, who said: Al-Khalil ibn Hashim wrote to Abu al-Hasan عليه السلام, peace be upon him: (Imam عليه السلام was asked) about ‘a man who heard the footsteps (al-wat) and the call in the month of Ramadan, so he thought that the call was for the pre-dawn meal (al-suhur), and he had intercourse and went out, and behold, the morning had become bright.’ So the Imam عليه السلام, peace be upon him, wrote in his handwriting: “He makes up (qada) that day, if Allah سبحانه وتعالى wills.”

From him, from Yaqub ibn Yazid, from Muhammad ibn Abi Umayr, from Hammad, from Muhammad ibn Muslim, who said: I (narrator) heard Abu Ja’far عليه السلام, peace be upon him, saying: “It does not harm the fasting person whatever he does, if he avoids four qualities: (eating) food and drink, (intimacy with) women, and immersion in water (al-irtimas).”

From him, from Ibn Abi Umayr, from Hammad and others, from Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him, who said: Imam عليه السلام said: “Poetry is not to be recited at night, and it is not to be recited in the month of Ramadan, by night or by day.” So Ismail ibn Ja’far said to Imam عليه السلام: “O my father عليه السلام, even if it is concerning us?” Imam عليه السلام said: “Even if it is concerning us.”

From him, from Muhammad ibn Isa ibn Abi Badr, from Ubayd ibn Zurarah, from Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him, who said: (Imam عليه السلام was asked) about ‘a man who is fasting, and it is said to him, ‘Are you fasting?’ So he says, ‘No.’ Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him, said: “This is a lie.”

From him, from Ahmad ibn Muhammad, from al-Husayn, from al-Nadr ibn Suwayd, from Zurah, from Abu Basir, who said: I (narrator) said to Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him: “May the fasting person kiss (his wife)?” Imam عليه السلام said: “Yes, and he may give her his tongue for her to suck.”

From him, from some of the Kufans, raising it to Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him: (Imam عليه السلام was asked) regarding ‘a man who (intimately) comes to a woman in her anus while she is fasting.’ Imam عليه السلام said: “It does not invalidate her fast, and there is no ritual bath (ghusl) upon her.”

Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Mahbub, from Muhammad ibn Isa, from Ibn Abi Umayr, from Hasan ibn Mahbub, from Abu Wallad al-Hannat, who said: I (narrator) said to Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him: “I kiss my young daughter while I am fasting, and some of her saliva accidentally gets into my mouth/throat. Does that affect my fast?” He (narrator) said: “Imam عليه السلام said to me: ‘There is no harm; there is nothing upon you.’”

Ahmad ibn Muhammad, from Ali ibn al-Hakam, from a man, from Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him: (Imam عليه السلام said) about ‘a man who comes to the woman in the anus (dubr) while she is fasting, that it does not invalidate her fast, and no ritual bathing (ghusl) is upon her.’

Muhammad ibn Ahmad, from Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Alawi, from al-Amraki al-Bufaki, from Ali ibn Jafar, from his brother Imam Musa ibn Ja’far عليه السلام, peace be upon him, who said: I (narrator) asked Imam عليه السلام about ‘the fasting man, Is it permissible for him to suck the tongue of the woman, or for the woman to do that?’ Imam عليه السلام said: “There is no harm.”

Ahmad ibn Muhammad, from Ibn Abi Umayr, from Muhammad ibn Abi Hamzah, from Rifa'ah, who said: I (narrator) asked Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him, about ‘a man who touched a slave-girl (jariyah) in the month of Ramadan and emitted pre-seminal fluid (madhy).’ Imam عليه السلام said: “If it was unlawful, then let him seek forgiveness from Allah سبحانه وتعالى with the seeking of forgiveness of one who will never return, and let him fast a day in place of a day. And if it was lawful, he should seek forgiveness from Allah سبحانه وتعالى and not return, and fast a day in place of a day.”

From him, from Muhammad ibn al-Husayn, from Uthman ibn Isa, from Samaah, who said: I (narrator) asked Imam عليه السلام about ‘a man who attached himself (was intimate) to his wife and ejaculated.’ Imam عليه السلام said: “Upon him is the feeding of sixty needy persons, one mudd for each needy person.”

From him, from Ahmad ibn Muhammad, from al-Husayn, from al-Qasim, from Ali, from Abu Basir, who said: I (narrator) asked Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him, about ‘a man who placed his hand on something from the body of his wife and emitted semen.’ Imam عليه السلام said: “His expiation is that he fast two consecutive months, or feed sixty needy persons, or free a slave.”

Al-Saffar, from Ibrahim ibn Hashim, from Abd al-Rahman ibn Hammad, from Ibrahim ibn Abd al-Hamid, from one of his retainers (mawali), who said: I (narrator) asked Imam عليه السلام about ‘the wet dream of the fasting person’. Imam عليه السلام said: “If he has a wet dream in the month of Ramadan during the daytime, then it is not for him to sleep until he performs ritual bathing (ghusl). And whoever becomes ritually impure (junub) at night in the month of Ramadan must not sleep for even an hour until he performs ritual bathing (ghusl). So whoever becomes ritually impure in the month of Ramadan and sleeps until morning, then upon him is the freeing of a slave, or feeding sixty poor persons, and making up that day, and he must complete it, and he will never attain it (the rewards) ever.”

From him, from Yaqub ibn Yazid, from Ibn Abi Umayr, from Hafs ibn Suqah, from one who mentioned him, from Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him: (Imam عليه السلام was asked) regarding ‘a man who plays (lustfully) with his wife or his slave-girl while he is making up the month of Ramadan, and the fluid overcomes him, so he ejaculates.’ Imam عليه السلام said: “Upon him, of expiation, is the like of what is upon the one who has intercourse in (month of) Ramadan.”

Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Mahbub, from al-Abbas, from Ibn al-Mughirah, from Abdullah ibn Sinan, from Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him: (Imam عليه السلام was asked) regarding ‘a man who deliberately broke the fast in the month of Ramadan without an excuse.’ Imam عليه السلام said: “He frees a person, or fasts two consecutive months, or feeds sixty needy persons. Then, if he is not able to do that, he gives in charity whatever he is able.”

From him, from al-Husayn ibn Said, from Fadalah, from Aban, from Abd al-Rahman, who said: I (narrator) asked Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him, about ‘a man who deliberately broke the fast of a day from the month of Ramadan.’ Imam عليه السلام said: “Upon him are fifteen sa’ (of charity), for each needy person one mudd, like that which the Messenger of Allah سبحانه وتعالى, peace and blessings of Allah سبحانه وتعالى be upon him and his family, did.”

From him, from Ahmad ibn Abdus, from al-Hasan ibn Ali ibn Faddal, from Abdullah ibn Sinan, from Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him: (Imam عليه السلام was asked) regarding ‘a man who made a vow to Allah سبحانه وتعالى upon himself to fast a year, but he was not able.’ Imam عليه السلام said: “He fasts a month and part of the other month.” Then Imam عليه السلام said: “There is no harm in cutting off the fast.”

From him, from Ibrahim ibn Hashim, from Adam ibn Ishaq, from a man, from Muhammad ibn al-Numan, from Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him, who said: Imam عليه السلام was asked about ‘a man who broke the fast of a day from the month of Ramadan.’ Imam عليه السلام said: “His expiation is two jaribs (jariban) of food, and that is twenty sa’.”

From him, from Ahmad ibn Abdus, from al-Hasan ibn Ali, from Abu Jamilah, from some of our companions, from Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him: (Imam عليه السلام was asked) concerning ‘a man who made a vow (nadhr) to Allah سبحانه وتعالى and did not name anything (conditions).’ Imam عليه السلام said: “He fasts six days.”

From him, from Abu Abdillah al-Razi, from Ismail ibn Mihran, from Ismail al-Qasir, from Ibn Bukayr, from Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him, who said: Imam عليه السلام was asked about ‘a man upon whom the sun rose while he was in a state of major ritual impurity (junub), then he wanted to fast after he had performed ghusl, and whatever had passed of the day had passed.’ Imam عليه السلام said: “He may fast if he wishes, and he has the choice (to break fast) until midday.”

Ahmad ibn Muhammad, from Ibn Abi Umayr, from Hammad, from al-Halabi, from Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him, who said: I (narrator) asked Imam عليه السلام about ‘a man who became in a state of major ritual impurity (junub) in (month of) Ramadan, then forgot to perform ghusl until (month of) Ramadan ended.’ Imam عليه السلام said: “Upon him is the making up of the prayer and the fast.”

Muhammad, from Muhammad ibn al-Husayn, from Uthman ibn Isa, from Samaah, who said: I (narrator) asked Imam عليه السلام about ‘vomiting in (month of) Ramadan.’ Imam عليه السلام said: “If it is something that overtakes him unexpectedly, then there is no harm, but if it is something that he forces himself to do, he has broken the fast, and upon him is the making up.” He (narrator) said: “And I asked Imam عليه السلام about ‘a man who played with water, rinsing his mouth with it because of thirst, and it entered his throat.’” Imam عليه السلام said: “Upon him is its making up, but if it was during wudu, then there is no harm.”

And from him, from Ahmad ibn Muhammad, from Ibn Abi Umayr, from Hammad, from al-Halabi, from Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him, who said: I (narrator) asked Imam عليه السلام about ‘the fasting person, May he clean his teeth with water?’ Imam عليه السلام said: “There is no harm, but he should not clean his teeth with the moist tooth-stick (siwak).”

Muhammad, from Muhammad ibn al-Husayn ibn Abi al-Khattab, from Safwan, from Ibn Muskan, from al-Halabi, who said: I (narrator) asked Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him: “May the fasting person clean his teeth (yastak) with water and a moist stick, while finding its taste?” Imam عليه السلام said: “There is no harm.”

Harun ibn Muslim, from Masadah ibn Sadaqah, from Imam Jafar al-Sadiq عليه السلام, from his father عليه السلام, from his forefathers عليه السلام, peace be upon them: Imam Ali عليه السلام, peace be upon him, was asked about ‘a fly entering the throat of a fasting person.’ Imam عليه السلام said: “There is no making up upon him; indeed, it is not food.”

Ayyub ibn Nuh, from Safwan, from Sa’ad ibn Abi Khalaf, who said: Ghiyath narrated to me, from Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him: Imam عليه السلام said: “There is no harm in the fasting person swallowing his phlegm (nukhamah).”

Ahmad ibn al-Hasan, from Amr ibn Saeed al-Madaini, from Musaddiq ibn Sadaqah, from Ammar al-Sabati, who said: I (narrator) asked Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him, about ‘a man who rinses his mouth, and water enters his throat while he is fasting.’ Imam عليه السلام said: “There is nothing upon him if he did not deliberately intend that.” I (narrator) asked: “So if he rinsed his mouth a second time, and water entered his throat?” Imam عليه السلام said: “There is nothing upon him.” I (narrator) asked: “He rinsed his mouth a third time.” Imam عليه السلام said: “He has acted badly (exceeded the allowed amount), but there is nothing upon him (about breaking his fast), and no making up (qada).”

And Abu Jamilah narrated from Zayd al-Shahham concerning ‘a fasting man who rinsed his mouth (tamadmada).’ He said: ‘He must not swallow his saliva until he spits three times.’

And it has been narrated (in further addition to hadith 997): ‘(He must not swallow his saliva until he spits) One time.’

Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn al-Hasan, from al-Husayn, from Ibn Abi Umayr, from Hammad, from al-Halabi, from Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him: (Imam عليه السلام was asked) concerning ‘the fasting person who performs wudu (ablution) for prayer, and water enters his throat.’ Imam عليه السلام said: “If his wudu (ablution) was for an obligatory prayer, then there is no making up upon him, but if his wudu was for a supererogatory prayer, then upon him is the making up.”

Muhammad ibn al-Husayn, from Abu Jamilah, from Ishaq ibn Ammar, who said, I said to Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him, about ‘a fasting person deliberately immersed himself in water. Is he required to make up that day?’ Imam عليه السلام said: “He is not required to make it up, but he must not do it again."

Ahmad, from al-Husayn, from al-Nadr ibn Suwayd, from Abdullah ibn Sinan, from Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him: (Imam عليه السلام was asked) concerning ‘the man who becomes thirsty in (month of) Ramadan.’ Imam عليه السلام said: “There is no harm in sucking the ring.”

From him, from al-Husayn, from al-Qasim, from Abu Basir, from Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him, said: I (narrator) asked Imam عليه السلام about ‘the fasting person chewing gum (ilk)’. Imam عليه السلام said: “Yes, if he wishes.”

Ahmad ibn al-Hasan ibn Ali ibn Faddal, from Amr ibn Saeed, from Imam al-Ridha عليه السلام, said: I (narrator) asked Imam عليه السلام about ‘the fasting person fumigating himself with aloeswood or with something other than that, and the smoke enters his throat.’ Imam عليه السلام said: “It is permissible, there is no harm in it.” He said: “And I asked Imam عليه السلام about ‘the fasting person when dust enters his throat.’” Imam عليه السلام said: “There is no harm.”

Ali ibn Jafar, from his brother Imam Musa ibn Ja’far عليه السلام, peace be upon him, who said: I ask Imam عليه السلام about ‘a fasting person tasting drink or food, with its taste in his throat.’ Imam عليه السلام said: “He should not do so.” I (narrator) asked: “So if he does it, what is upon him?” Imam عليه السلام said: “There is nothing upon him, and he should not return to it.”

Ali ibn Jafar, from his brother, who said: I (narrator) asked Imam عليه السلام about ‘the man and the woman, is it proper for them to insert medicine while they are both fasting?’ Imam عليه السلام said: “There is no harm.”

Ammar al-Sabati said: I (narrator) asked Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him, about ‘the cupper performing cupping while he is fasting.’ Imam عليه السلام said: “It is not appropriate.” And (Imam عليه السلام was asked) about ‘the fasting person undergoing cupping.’ Imam عليه السلام said: “There is no harm.”

Ahmad ibn Muhammad, from al-Husayn, from Fadalah, from al-Husayn ibn Uthman, from Samaah, from Abu Basir, who said: I (narrator) asked Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him, about ‘a man who travelled in (month of) Ramadan, then death overtook him before he could make it up.’ Imam عليه السلام said: “The most virtuous of his household should make it up for him.”

Muhammad ibn al-Husayn, from Muhammad ibn Abdillah, from Uqbah ibn Khalid, who said: I (narrator) asked Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him, about ‘a man who fasted while he was sick.’ Imam عليه السلام said: “His fast is complete, and he does not repeat it; it suffices him.”

Al-Husayn, from Fadalah, from Sayf, from Abu Bakr, from Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him, who said: My father asked Imam عليه السلام, while I was listening, about ‘the limit of the illness in which fasting is to be left.’ Imam عليه السلام said: “When he is not able to take the pre-dawn meal.”

From him, from Ibn Abi Umayr, from Hammad, from al-Halabi, from Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him, who said: I (narrator) asked Imam عليه السلام about ‘an elderly man who becomes weak from fasting the month of Ramadan.’ Imam عليه السلام said: ‘He should give in charity what suffices on his behalf: the food of one poor person for each day.’

Ammar al-Sabati said: I (narrator) asked Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him, about ‘the fasting person who is afflicted by thirst until he fears for himself (from death).’ Imam عليه السلام said: “He drinks the amount by which he preserves his remaining life, and he does not drink until he is quenched.”

Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Mahbub, from Ali ibn al-Sindi, from Hammad ibn Isa, from Muawiyah ibn Wahb, who said: I (narrator) asked Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him, ‘at what age is the boy taken (made) to fasting?’ Imam عليه السلام said: “Between him and fifteen years and fourteen years, and if he fasts before that, then leave him.”

As for what al-Sakuni narrated from Abu Abdillah Imam Ja’far عليه السلام from his father, Imam al-Baqir عليه السلام, peace be upon them both: Imam عليه السلام said: “The boy, when he is able to fast three consecutive days, then fasting the month of Ramadan has become obligatory upon him.”

And what Muhammad ibn Muslim narrated from Abu Ja’far عليه السلام, peace be upon him: Imam عليه السلام was asked about ‘the boy, when does he (made to) fast?’ Imam عليه السلام said: “When he is able to bear it.”

Al-Husayn ibn Sa'id, from al-Qasim ibn Muhammad, from Ali, from Abu Basir, from Abu Abdillah عليه السلام: Imam عليه السلام said: “Upon the boy, when he has a wet dream, is (obligation of) fasting, And upon the girl, when she menstruates, is (obligation of) fasting and the veil (khimar), unless she is an owned slave-woman (mamlukah), for there is no veil (khimar) upon her unless she likes to veil herself, and fasting is (still) upon her.”

Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Mahbub, from Yaqub ibn Yazid, from Ibn Abi Umayr, from Rifaa ibn Musa, from Muhammad ibn Muslim, from Abu Ja’far عليه السلام, peace be upon him, who said: I (narrator) asked Imam عليه السلام about ‘a woman who makes it upon herself for Allah سبحانه وتعالى to fast two consecutive months, then she menstruates.’ Imam عليه السلام said: “She fasts what she menstruated, and it suffices her.”

From him, from Ali ibn al-Sindi, from Hammad ibn Isa, from al-Husayn ibn al-Mukhtar, from Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him: Imam عليه السلام said: “Do not go out in (month of) Ramadan except for Hajj, or Umrah, or wealth which you fear may be lost, or for crops whose harvest time has arrived.”

Al-Husayn ibn Saeed, from al-Qasim, from Ali, from Abu Basir, who said: I (narrator) asked Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him, about ‘going out when (month of) Ramadan has entered.’ Imam عليه السلام said: “No, except in what I inform you of: going out to Makkah, or fighting in the way of Allah سبحانه وتعالى, or wealth whose destruction you fear, or a brother whose destruction you fear.” And Imam عليه السلام said: “Indeed, it is not a brother from the father and the mother.”

And from him, from Yaqub ibn Yazid, from Ibn Abi Umayr, from Rifaa ibn Musa, who said: I (narrator) asked Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him, about ‘a man who wants to travel in (month of) Ramadan.’ Imam عليه السلام said: “If he begins the morning in his town and then goes out, then if he wishes, he may fast, and if he wishes, he may break the fast.”

From him, from Ali ibn al-Sindi, from Uthman ibn Isa, from Samaah, who said: I (narrator) asked Imam عليه السلام about the man, ‘what should he do when he wants to travel?’ Imam عليه السلام said: “When dawn rises and he has not departed (his home town), then upon him is the fasting of that day. But if he goes out from his family before the rising of dawn, then let him break the fast, and there is no fast upon him. And if he arrives after the sun has passed the meridian, he breaks the fast and does not eat openly. And if he arrives from his journey before the sun has passed the meridian, then upon him is the fasting of that day, if he wishes.”

Samaah said: Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him, said: “Whoever wants to travel in (month of) Ramadan, and dawn rises while he is among his family, then upon him is the fasting of that day. And when he travels, it is not appropriate that he alone should break the fast on that day. Shortening (the prayer) and breaking the fast do not separate; so whoever shortens (the prayer), let him break the fast.”

Ahmad ibn al-Hasan, from Amr ibn Saeed, from Musaddiq ibn Sadaqah, from Ammar al-Sabati, who said: I (narrator) asked Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him, about ‘the man who says, ‘For Allah سبحانه وتعالى upon me is that I fast a month, or more than that, or less,’ then a matter arises for him in which he has no choice but to travel. Should he fast while he is a traveller?’ Imam عليه السلام said: “When he travels, let him break the fast, because fasting during travel is not lawful for him, whether it is obligatory or other than that, and fasting during travel is disobedience.”

Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Mahbub, from Abd al-Rahman ibn Abi Najran, from Hammad ibn Isa, from Abd al-Rahman ibn Abi Abdullah, from Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him, who said: I (narrator) asked Imam عليه السلام about ‘a man who fasted the month of Ramadan while traveling.’ Imam عليه السلام said: “If it had not reached him that the blessed Messenger of Allah سبحانه وتعالى, may Allah سبحانه وتعالى bless him and his family, forbade that, then there is no make-up fast upon him, and the fast has sufficed on his behalf.”

From him, from Ayyub ibn Nuh, from al-Abbas ibn Amir, from Dawud ibn al-Husayn, who said: I (narrator) asked Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him, about ‘the man who travels in (month of) Ramadan and has a slave girl (jariyah) with him, may he have intercourse with her?’ Imam عليه السلام said: “Yes.”

Ahmad ibn al-Hasan, from Amr ibn Saeed, from Musaddiq ibn Sadaqah, from Ammar, from Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him, who said: I (narrator) asked Imam عليه السلام about ‘a man upon whom there are days from the month of Ramadan: how should he make them up?’ Imam عليه السلام said: “If there are two days (of qada fasts) upon him, then let him break the fast between them for one day. And if there are five days (of qada fasts) upon him, then let him break the fast between them for two days. And if there is a month (of qada fasts) upon him, then let him break the fast between them for some days. And he does not have the right to fast more than eight days (of qada fasts), meaning consecutively. So if there are eight days or ten days (of qada fasts) upon him, he breaks the fast between them for one day.”

Muhammad ibn Isa, from Ali and Ishaq, the two sons of Sulayman ibn Dawud, from Ibrahim ibn Muhammad: He (narrator) said: “A man wrote to al-Faqih عليه السلام, ‘O my master, I vowed that whenever the night prayer missed me, I would fast on its morning’, but that missed him. What should he do, and is there a way out for him from that, and how much expiation is obligatory upon him for the fast of each day that he left, if he wishes to make expiation for that?” He (narrator) said: “So the Imam عليه السلام, peace be upon him, wrote, ‘He distributes (charity), for each day, a mudd of food as expiation.’”

Al-Hasan ibn Mahbub, from Abu Ayyub, from Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him: (Imam عليه السلام was asked) about ‘a man on whom was fasting of two straight months in zihar, so he fasted Dhu al-Qadah, and Dhu al-Hijjah entered on him. What can he do?’ Imam عليه السلام said: “He fasts all of Dhu al-Hijjah except the days of al-tashriq, then he makes them up on the first day of Muharram until he completes three days, so he will have fasted two consecutive months.” Then Imam عليه السلام said: “And it is not appropriate for him to approach his wife until he makes up the three days of al-tashriq which he did not fast. And there is no harm if he fasts a month, then fasts some days from the month that follows it, then an illness occurs to him that causes him to cut it off, then he makes it up after the completion of the month.”

Harun ibn Muslim, from Masadah ibn Sadaqah, from Imam Jafar al-Sadiq عليه السلام, from his father عليه السلام, peace be upon him: (Imam عليه السلام was asked) concerning ‘a man who appoints for himself known, named days in every month, then travels for the number of the months.’ Imam عليه السلام said: “He does not fast, because he is on a journey, and he does not make them up when he is present.”

Muhammad, from Muhammad ibn Isa, from al-Husayn ibn Ubayd, who said: I (narrator) wrote to Imam عليه السلام, meaning Abu al-Hasan al-Thalith عليه السلام (the Third), peace be upon him: “O my master, a man vowed to fast a day for Allah سبحانه وتعالى, then on that day he had intercourse with his wife; what expiation is upon him?” So the Imam عليه السلام, peace be upon him, answered him: “He fasts one day in place of a day, and the freeing of a slave.”

Harun ibn Muslim, from Ibn Abi Umayr, from Salih ibn Abdillah, who said: I (narrator) said to Abu al-Hasan Musa عليه السلام, peace be upon him: “Indeed, my brother was imprisoned, so I made upon myself the fasting of a month. So I fasted, but sometimes some of my brothers would come to me so that I would break the fast, and I broke the fast for some days. Should I make it up” Imam عليه السلام said: “There is no harm.”

Ibn Abi Umayr, from Ziyad ibn Abi al-Hallal, who said: Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him, said: “Do not fast for three days after Eid al-Adha, and nor for three days after Eid al-Fitr. Indeed, they are days of eating and drinking.”

Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Mahbub, from Ali ibn al-Sindi, from Hammad ibn Isa, from Muhammad ibn Yusuf, from his father, who said: I (narrator) heard Abu Ja’far عليه السلام, saying: “Indeed, al-Juhani came to the Prophet صلى الله عليه وعلى آله وسلم, and said, ‘O Messenger of Allah سبحانه وتعالى, indeed I have camels, sheep, young servants, and workers, so I would like you to command me with a night in which I may enter and witness (attend) the prayer’, and that was in the month of Ramadan. So the Messenger of Allah سبحانه وتعالى, Allah’s سبحانه وتعالى blessings be upon him and his family, called him and whispered secretly into his ear. So al-Juhani, when it was the night of twenty-three (of the month of Ramadan), would enter with his camels, his sheep, and his family to his place (to attend to prayer).”

Ibn Abi Umayr, from Hisham ibn al-Hakam, from Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him: Imam عليه السلام said: “The Night of Qadr is in every year, and its day is like its night.”

Hammad ibn Isa, from Ubayd ibn Zurarah, from Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him: He (narrator) asked Imam عليه السلام about ‘two men, one of whom stood praying until morning, while the other was sitting supplicating; which of them is better?’ Imam عليه السلام said: “Supplication is better.”

Ibrahim ibn Mahziyar, from Dawud and Ali, his two brothers, from Hammad, from Hariz, from Burayd, who said: I (narrator) saw Imam عليه السلام perform ghusl on the night of the twenty-third (of the month of the Ramadan) twice; once at the beginning of the night and once at the end of the night.

Ahmad, from al-Husayn, from al-Qasim ibn al-Husayn, from al-Husayn ibn Asim ibn Yunus, from some of our companions, from Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him, who said: Imam عليه السلام used to give sugar in charity. So it was said to Imam عليه السلام: “You give sugar in charity?” Imam عليه السلام said: “There is nothing more beloved to me than it, so I love to give in charity the most beloved of things to me.”

Muhammad ibn al-Husayn, from Ibn Abi Umayr, from Muawiyah ibn Ammar, who said: I (narrator) asked Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him, about ‘a newborn who was born on the night of Eid al-Fitr, Is there fitrah upon him?’ Imam عليه السلام said: “No, he has already exited the month.”

Ali ibn al-Sindi, from Ibn Abi Umayr, from Jamil ibn Darraj, from Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him: Imam عليه السلام said: “There is no harm in a man giving on behalf of his dependents while they are absent from him, or ordering them so they give on his behalf while he is absent from them,” meaning al-fitrah.

Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Mahbub, from Ali ibn al-Husayn, from Hammad ibn Isa, from Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him: Imam عليه السلام said: “A man pays the zakat al-fitrah on behalf of his mukatab (slave who has entered into a contractual agreement), the slaves of his wife, his Christian slave, his Magian slave, and whoever his door has closed upon (inside his house).”

Ali ibn Ja’far, from his brother Imam Musa ibn Ja’far عليه السلام, peace be upon him, who said: I (narrator) asked Imam عليه السلام about ‘a mukatab (slave who has entered into a contractual agreement), Is the fitrah of the month of Ramadan upon him or upon the one who entered into a mukatabah with him? And is his testimony permissible?’ Imam عليه السلام said: “The fitrah is upon him, and his testimony is not permissible.”

Al-Hasan ibn Mahbub, from Umar ibn Yazid, who said: I (narrator) asked Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him, about ‘a man who has a guest with him from among his brothers, and the day of al-Fitrah arrives. Does he pay the fitrah on his behalf?’ Imam عليه السلام said: “Yes. The fitrah is obligatory upon everyone whom he supports, male or female, free or owned, young or old.” He (narrator) said: “And I asked Imam عليه السلام, ‘May he give the fitrah as flour in place of wheat?’” Imam عليه السلام said: “There is no harm. The cost of its grinding is according to the amount between the wheat and the flour.” He (narrator) said: “And I asked Imam عليه السلام, ‘May a man give the fitrah as dirhams, the price of dates and wheat, when that would be more beneficial for the household of the believer?’” Imam عليه السلام said: “There is no harm.”

Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Mahbub, from al-Hasan ibn Ali al-Kufi, from al-Hasan ibn Sayf, from his brother, from his father, from Muhammad ibn Ayyub, from Rifaah, from Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him: Imam عليه السلام said: “The beginning of the year is the Night of Qadr (Laylat al-Qadr); in it is written what will occur from the year to the year.”

From him, from Ahmad, from al-Husayn ibn Said, from Fadalah, from al-Husayn ibn Uthman, from Ibn Muskan, from Ibrahim ibn Maymun, who said: I (narrator) asked Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him, about ‘a man who becomes junub in the month of Ramadan, then forgets all of that until the month of Ramadan ends.’ Imam عليه السلام said: “He makes up the prayer and the fast.”

Ahmad ibn Muhammad, from Ali ibn al-Hakam, from Ibn Abi Hamzah, from Abu Basir, from Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him, who said: Abu Ja’far عليه السلام, peace be upon him, said: “The Qa’im (ajf), peace be upon him, will rise on Saturday, the day of Ashura, the day on which Imam al-Husayn عليه السلام, peace be upon him, was killed. And the Qa’im (ajf) will cut off the hands of the Banu Shaybah and hang them in the Kabah.” – meaning a historic Arab clan and the hereditary guardians of the keys to the Holy Ka'bah.

Ahmad ibn Muhammad, from al-Barqi, from Yunus ibn Hisham, from Hafs ibn Ghiyath, from Ja’far ibn Muhammad عليه السلام, peace be upon him: Imam عليه السلام said: “The Messenger of Allah سبحانه وتعالى, may Allah سبحانه وتعالى bless him and his family, would often spit on the day of Ashura into the mouths of nursing children from the descendants of Sayyidah Fatimah صلى الله عليه وعلى آله وسلم, peace be upon her, from his saliva. And the Prophet صلى الله عليه وعلى آله وسلم would say, ‘Do not feed them anything until the night.’ And they would be quenched by the saliva of the blessed Messenger of Allah سبحانه وتعالى, may Allah سبحانه وتعالى bless him and his family.” Imam عليه السلام said: “And the wild animals used to fast on the day of Ashura during the time of Dawud عليه السلام, peace be upon him.”

Ahmad, from al-Barqi, from Ibn Abi Umayr, from Hisham ibn Salim, from Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him: Imam عليه السلام said: “When the month of Ramadan is safe (is observed), the year is safe.” And Imam عليه السلام said: “The beginning of the year is the month of Ramadan.”

Al-Saffar, from Ibrahim ibn Hashim, from Zakariyya ibn Yahya al-Kindi al-Raqqi, from Dawud al-Raqqi, from Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him: Imam عليه السلام said: “Look for the old crescent in the east in the morning. If it is not seen, then the crescent here is a new crescent, regardless of whether people later see it or do not see it.”

From him, from Yaqub ibn Yazid, from Yahya ibn al-Mubarak, from Abdullah ibn Jabalah, from Ishaq ibn Ammar, from Abdullah ibn Jundab, who said: Abbad ibn Maymun asked (Abdullah ibn Jundab), while I (narrator) was present, about ‘a man who had imposed upon himself a vow (nadhr) of fasting and wanted to go out for the Hajj.’ So Abdullah ibn Jundab said: “I heard from Zurarah, from Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him, that he (Zurarah) asked Imam عليه السلام about ‘a man who had imposed upon himself a vow of fasting, then he formed an intention to visit Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him.’ Imam عليه السلام said: “He goes out and does not fast it on the road, then when he returns, he makes that up.”

Ahmad ibn Muhammad, from al-Husayn, from Muhammad ibn al-Qasim ibn al-Fudayl, from Abu al-Hasan عليه السلام, peace be upon him, who said: I (narrator) wrote to Imam عليه السلام: “Does the executor pay zakat al-fitrah on behalf of the orphans if they have wealth?” So the Imam عليه السلام, peace be upon him, wrote: “There is no zakat upon an orphan.”

Ammar al-Sabati said: I (narrator) asked Abu Abdillah عليه السلام, peace be upon him: “How much does a man give?” Imam عليه السلام said: “Every town according to their measure (mikyal): half of a quarter for every head.”

Muhammad ibn Ahmad, from Jafar ibn Muhammad al-Hamdani, who said: I wrote to Abu al-Hasan عليه السلام, peace be upon him, through my father: “May I be made your ransom, our companions have differed concerning the sa’. Some of them say that the fitrah is by the Madinese sa’, and some of them say by the Iraqi sa’.” So the Imam عليه السلام, peace be upon him, wrote to me: “The sa’ is six rotls (artal) by the Madinese measure and nine rotls by the Iraqi measure.” He said: “And by weight it is one thousand, one hundred and seventy weights (waznah).”